Ni iki Spirometry? Intego, Uburyo & Ibisubizo

Spirometry ni ikizamini cyoroshye cyo guhumeka kigereranya umwuka ushobora guhumeka no guhumeka, kandi uko ubikora vuba. Tekereza nk'ikizamini cyo gukora imyitozo ku muhaha wawe - bifasha abaganga gusobanukirwa neza uko sisitemu yawe yo guhumeka ikora kandi niba hari ibibazo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku guhumeka kwawe.

Ni iki spirometry?

Spirometry ni ikizamini cyoroshye cyo gukora imirimo y'umuhaha kigereranya ubushobozi bwawe bwo guhumeka n'umuvuduko w'umwuka. Mugihe cy'ikizamini, uzahumeka ukoresheje igikoresho cyitwa spirometer, gikora amakuru arambuye yerekeye imikorere y'umuhaha wawe.

Ikizamini cyibanda ku bipimo bibiri byingenzi: umwuka umuhaha wawe ushobora gufata n'uko ushobora gusohora uwo mwuka vuba. Izo mibare zifasha abaganga kumenya ibibazo byo guhumeka hakiri kare no gukurikirana neza uko imiti ikora uko igihe kigenda.

Abantu benshi basanga spirometry itagoye kandi itunganye. Uburyo bwose busanzwe bufata iminota 15-30, kandi uzashobora gukomeza umunsi wawe usanzwe ako kanya.

Kuki spirometry ikorwa?

Abaganga basaba spirometry kugirango bamenye indwara zo guhumeka, gukurikirana ibibazo by'umuhaha bihari, no kureba neza uko imiti ikora. Ni imwe mu nzira zizewe cyane zo kubona ishusho isobanutse y'ubuzima bw'umuhaha wawe.

Niba umaze kugira ibimenyetso nk'umwuka muke, gukorora bidahagarara, cyangwa guhagarara mu gituza, spirometry irashobora gufasha kumenya icyateye. Ikizamini gifitiye akamaro cyane cyane kumenya indwara nka asima, indwara yo guhumeka idakira (COPD), n'izindi ndwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gutegeka spirometry nk'igice cyo kugenzura ubuzima busanzwe, cyane cyane niba ufite ibintu bigira uruhare mu ndwara z'umuhaha. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo amateka yo kunywa itabi, guhura n'imiti yo kumurimo, cyangwa amateka y'umuryango y'indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero.

Rimwe na rimwe, spirometry ikorwa mbere yo kubagwa kugira ngo barebe niba ibihaha byawe bifite ubuzima bwiza ku buryo bwakira imiti yo kubaga. Bifasha kandi gukurikirana uko imiti ikoreshwa igenzura neza indwara nka asima cyangwa COPD.

Ni iki gikorerwa muri spirometry?

Uburyo bwa spirometry buroroshye kandi bukorerwa mu biro bya muganga wawe cyangwa ahantu habugenewe gupima. Uzicara neza ku ntebe mugihe umukanishi watojwe akuyobora muri ubu buryo bwose.

Mbere na mbere, umukanishi azashyira agahuzo koroshye ku zuru ryawe kugirango arebe neza ko umwuka wose unyura mu kanwa kawe mugihe cyo gupima. Hanyuma uzashyira iminwa yawe ku kanwa gasukuye gafatanije na mashini ya spirometer.

Ibi nibyo bibaho mugihe cyo gupima umwuka:

1. Uzahumeka cyane bishoboka, ukuzuza ibihaha byawe rwose
2. Hanyuma uzahumeka cyane kandi vuba uko ushoboye kose igihe gishoboka cyose
3. Umukanishi azagufasha mu guhumeka, akaguha amabwiriza asobanutse
4. Uzongera ubu buryo inshuro nyinshi kugirango ubone ibisubizo byukuri
5. Rimwe na rimwe uzanakora ibizamini byo guhumeka buhoro buhoro kugirango ubone ibipimo byinyongera

Umukanishi azagutera inkunga mugihe cyo gupima kandi ashobora kukubaza niba wagerageza inshuro nke kugirango ubone imbaraga zawe nziza. Ntugire impungenge niba wumva urimo guta umutwe - ibi ni ibisanzwe kandi bizashira vuba.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, muganga wawe ashobora gushaka kureba uko ibihaha byawe byitwara ku miti. Niba aribyo, uzakoresha inhaler hanyuma wongere gupima spirometry nyuma yiminota 15 kugirango ugereranye ibisubizo.

Ni gute wakwitegura gupimwa spirometry?

Kwitegura spirometry biroroshye, ariko gukurikiza amabwiriza make bizafasha kugirango ubone ibisubizo byukuri. Ibiro bya muganga wawe bizaguha amabwiriza yihariye, ariko aha hari intambwe rusange zo kwitegura.

Ku munsi wo gukorerwa ikizamini, wambare imyenda yoroshye kandi itagufunga, itazabuza guhumeka neza. Irinde imikandara ifunga cyane, amashati afunga, cyangwa ikintu icyo aricyo cyose cyatuma bigorana guhumeka cyane.

Muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira guhagarika imiti imwe n'imwe by'agateganyo mbere y'ikizamini. Ibi byiteguro bifasha kugaragaza neza uko ibihaha byawe bikora:

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• Irinda gukoresha imiti ifasha guhumeka mu gihe cy'amasaha 4-6 mbere y'ikizamini
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• Ntukoreshe imiti ifasha guhumeka igihe kirekire mu gihe cy'amasaha 12-24 mbere y'ikizamini
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• Irinda caffeine kandi wirinde kunywa itabi byibuze mu masaha 4 mbere y'ikizamini
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• Fata ifunguro rito mbere yo kujya mu kigo cy'ubuvuzi
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• Komeza gufata imiti yawe isanzwe keretse ubwiwe kubihagarika
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Wibuke kubwira umuganga wawe imiti yose n'ibiyobyabwenge ufata. Bazagufasha gukora gahunda nziza yo gufata imiti ikwiriye uko ubuzima bwawe buteye.

Gerageza kugera mu kigo cy'ubuvuzi wumva uryohewe kandi waruhutse neza. Niba ufite ibicurane, umuriro, cyangwa indwara yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, ni byiza gusubika ikizamini ukakora igihe wumva umeze neza rwose.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo bya spirometry?

Gusobanukirwa ibisubizo bya spirometry biroroha iyo uzi icyo imibare y'ingenzi isobanura. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira ibisubizo byawe byihariye, ariko ibi nibyo bipimo by'ingenzi bitubwira ku mikorere y'ibihaha byawe.

Ibipimo bibiri by'ingenzi ni FEV1 na FVC. FEV1 isobanura

• 80% cyangwa hejuru y'agaciro kateganijwe: Imikorere isanzwe y'ibihaha
• 70-79% by'agaciro kateganijwe: Kugabanuka gake mu mikorere y'ibihaha
• 60-69% by'agaciro kateganijwe: Kugabanuka mu rugero rwo hagati
• 50-59% by'agaciro kateganijwe: Kugabanuka bikabije mu rugero rwo hagati
• Munsi ya 50% by'agaciro kateganijwe: Kugabanuka bikabije mu mikorere y'ibihaha

Ugereranije hagati ya FEV1 na FVC na byo ni ingenzi. Ugereranije risanzwe akenshi ni 0.75 cyangwa hejuru, bivuze ko ushobora guhumeka nibura 75% by'ubushobozi bwose bw'ibihaha byawe mu isegonda rya mbere.

Muganga wawe azareba imibare yose hamwe, hamwe n'ibimenyetso byawe n'amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi, kugira ngo abone ishusho yuzuye y'ubuzima bw'ibihaha byawe. Wibuke ko ikizamini kimwe ari ishusho gusa - muganga wawe ashobora gushimangira ko ukora ibizamini bisubirwamo kugira ngo ukurikirane impinduka uko igihe kigenda.

Ni gute watezimbere ibisubizo bya spirometry yawe?

Nubwo udashobora guhindura ubushobozi bw'ibihaha byawe karemano, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kunoza imikorere y'ibihaha byawe kandi bishobora guteza imbere ibisubizo bya spirometry yawe uko igihe kigenda. Urufunguzo ni ukwibanda ku buzima bwose bwo guhumeka no gukurikiza gahunda yo kuvurwa kwa muganga wawe.

Niba unywa itabi, kureka ni intambwe y'ingenzi cyane ushobora gufata ku buzima bw'ibihaha byawe. N'iyo umaze imyaka myinshi unywa itabi, ibihaha byawe bitangira gukira kandi bikora neza mu byumweru bike uhagaritse.

Imyitozo ngororamubiri ya buri gihe irashobora guteza imbere cyane imikorere y'ibihaha byawe n'uburyo bwo guhumeka neza. Ibi bikorwa bishobora kugirira akamaro kanini ubuzima bwawe bwo guhumeka:

• Kugenda, koga, cyangwa gukora siporo ku igare kugira ngo umubiri ukore neza
• Imyitozo yo guhumeka n'uburyo nk'ubwo guhumeka mu mpande z'umubiri
• Yoga cyangwa tai chi kugira ngo ugenzure guhumeka no kuruhuka
• Kuririmba cyangwa gukina ibikoresho by'umuyaga kugira ngo ukomeze imitsi yo guhumeka
• Programu zo kuvura ibihaha niba zateganijwe na muganga wawe

Gufata imiti wahawe neza nk'uko byategetswe ni ngombwa mu kuvura indwara nka asima cyangwa COPD. Ntukibagirwe imiti cyangwa uhagarike imiti utabanje kuvugana n'umuganga wawe.

Kwimuka ibintu bitera uburwayi bwo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero nabyo birashobora gufasha kurengera imikorere y'ibihaha byawe. Ibi birimo kwirinda umwotsi w'itabi, imyuka ikaze ya chimique, n'umwuka wanduye igihe bibaye ngombwa.

Niba ufite allergie, kuzivura neza birashobora kugabanya umubyimbirwe mu nzira zawe z'ubuhumekero no kunoza guhumeka kwawe. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba imiti ya allergie cyangwa akagusaba uburyo bwo kwirinda ibikugiraho ingaruka.

Ni ibihe bintu bitera ibibazo mu bipimo bya spirometry?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira ibisubizo bitari bisanzwe bya spirometry, kandi kubisobanukirwa birashobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo kurengera ubuzima bw'ibihaha byawe. Bimwe mu bintu bitera ibibazo ushobora kugenzura, mu gihe ibindi bigize imiterere yawe isanzwe.

Itabi ni cyane cyane ikintu kinini gishobora kugenzurwa gitera imikorere mibi y'ibihaha. Ibi birimo itabi, amasigara, imiyonga, ndetse no guhumeka umwotsi w'itabi mu gihe kirekire.

Umutekano w'ibidukikije n'akazi nawo ushobora kugira uruhare runini ku buzima bw'ibihaha byawe uko igihe kigenda. Ibi bintu bitera ibibazo bikwiye kwitabwaho by'umwihariko:

• Kuba mu gihe kirekire uhuye n'umukungugu, imiti, cyangwa imyuka ku kazi
• Gutura ahantu hari urwego rwo hejuru rw'umwuka wanduye
• Kuba mu gihe kirekire uhuye na asibesitosi, silika, cyangwa ibindi bice byangiza
• Umwuka wanduye wo mu nzu uva mu mashyiga akoresha inkwi cyangwa ibyumba bitagira umwuka mwiza
• Uburwayi bwo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero bukabije mu bwana

Ibintu bimwe bitera ibibazo ntushobora kugenzura ariko biracyakomeye kubimenya. Amateka y'umuryango w'indwara z'ibihaha nka asima, COPD, cyangwa fibrosis ya pulmonary birashobora kongera ibyago byawe.

Imyaka igira uruhare ku mikorere y'ibihaha - nyuma y'imyaka nka 25, ubushobozi bw'ibihaha bugenda bugabanuka buhoro buhoro buri mwaka. Ibi ni ibisanzwe rwose, ariko indwara nka COPD zirashobora kwihutisha uku kugabanuka.

Indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora no kugira ingaruka ku ngaruka za spirometry yawe. Izi zirimo indwara z'umutima, ubugwari bw'igituza, indwara z'imitsi n'imitsi, n'indwara z'ibihaha cyangwa ibikomere byabanje.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'ingaruka nke za spirometry?

Ingaruka nke za spirometry akenshi zerekana indwara z'ibihaha zihishe, iyo zitavuwe, zishobora gutera ingaruka zitandukanye. Kumva ibi bibazo bishobora kugufasha gukorana bya hafi n'ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi ku buvuzi no gucunga.

Imikorere y'ibihaha yagabanutse irashobora gukora ibikorwa bya buri munsi bigoranye uko iminsi igenda. Ushobora kwisanga uhumeka nabi byoroshye mugihe uzamuka amadarage, ugenda intera ndende, cyangwa ndetse no mugihe cy'imirimo ya buri munsi isanzwe.

Iyo imikorere y'ibihaha yangiritse cyane, umubiri wawe ntushobora kubona umwuka uhagije mugihe ukora imyitozo cyangwa ndetse no kuruhuka. Ibi bishobora gutera ingaruka zitandukanye ziteye inkeke:

• Kuzamuka kw'ibibazo byo mu myuka nka nyumoniya
• Umutima urushaho gukora cyane kubera gukora cyane kugirango utere amaraso mumihaha yangiritse
• Kugabanuka kw'imyitozo ngororamubiri no gukomera kumubiri
• Ibibazo byo gusinzira bitewe no guhumeka nabi
• Kwiganyira cyangwa kwiheba bifitanye isano no kubangamirwa no guhumeka

Mu bihe bikomeye, imikorere y'ibihaha bike irashobora gutera kunanirwa guhumeka, aho ibihaha bidashobora gutanga umwuka uhagije cyangwa gukuraho karubone diyokiside ihagije mumaraso. Ibi ni ikibazo gikomeye gisaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'ubuvuzi.

Abantu bamwe bafite imikorere y'ibihaha yagabanutse cyane bashobora gukenera ubuvuzi bw'umwuka wunganira kugirango bagumane urwego rwo hejuru rw'umwuka mumaraso yabo. Nubwo ibi bishobora gutera ubwoba, ubuvuzi bw'umwuka bushobora kugufasha kumva ufite imbaraga kandi wumva neza.

Inkuru nziza ni uko hamwe n'imiti ikwiye n'imicungire, ibi bibazo byinshi birashobora gukumirwa cyangwa bikakererwa cyane. Kumenya hakiri kare binyuze mu igeragezwa rya spirometry bituma habaho ubufasha ku gihe n'imikorere myiza y'igihe kirekire.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona umuganga kuri spirometry?

Wagombye gutekereza kubaza umuganga wawe kuri spirometry niba urimo guhura n'ibimenyetso byo guhumeka bihoraho cyangwa ufite ibyago byo kurwara ibihaha. Igeragezwa ryo hakiri kare rishobora gufata ibibazo mbere yuko biba bikomeye.

Niba urimo kugira ibibazo byo guhumeka, ni ngombwa kutirengagiza ibi bimenyetso. Guhumeka bigufi bihoraho, cyane cyane mugihe ukora ibikorwa wari usanzwe ukora byoroshye, bisaba isuzuma rya spirometry.

Ibi bimenyetso bituma bishoboka ko igihe kigeze cyo kuganira kubyerekeye igeragezwa rya spirometry n'umuganga wawe:

• Inkorora ihoraho imara ibyumweru birenga bike
• Guhumeka bigufi mugihe cy'ibikorwa bisanzwe
• Kuvuza cyangwa gusakuza mugihe uhumeka
• Ubugufi bw'igituza cyangwa kumva nkaho udashobora kubona umwuka uhagije
• Udukoko duto tw'ubuhumekero twa kenshi
• Umunaniro ushobora kuba ufite aho uhuriye n'ibibazo byo guhumeka

N'iyo udafite ibimenyetso, umuganga wawe ashobora gushishikariza spirometry niba ufite ibyago bikomeye. Ibi nibyo cyane cyane niba uri umunywanyi w'itabi cyangwa wahoze urinywa, ukora ahantu hari ibintu byangiza ibihaha, cyangwa ufite amateka y'umuryango arwaye ibihaha.

Niba waramaze kumenyekana ko ufite indwara y'ibihaha nka asima cyangwa COPD, igeragezwa rya spirometry risanzwe rifasha umuganga wawe gukurikirana uko umeze no guhindura imiti uko bikwiye. Ntukategere ibimenyetso byiyongera - gukurikirana mbere ni ingenzi.

Kwizera ubushishozi bwawe kubijyanye no guhumeka kwawe. Niba hari ikintu kimeze nkigitandukanye cyangwa giteye impungenge, burigihe biruta kubisuzumisha. Umuganga wawe ashobora gufasha kumenya niba spirometry ikwiriye kubibazo byawe.

Ibikunze kubazwa kuri spirometry

Q.1 Ese ikizamini cya spirometry ni cyiza mu gusuzuma asima?

Yego, spirometry ni nziza cyane mu gusuzuma asima kandi ifatwa nk'imwe mu bizamini byizewe cyane kuri iyi ndwara. Irashobora kugaragaza uburyo bwo guhagarika umwuka bujyanye n'inzira y'umwuka buzahuka iyo umuntu afashe imiti ifungura inzira y'umwuka.

Mugihe cy'ikizamini, abantu bafite asima basanzwe bagaragaza umwuka ugabanutse uzahuka cyane nyuma yo gukoresha inhaler. Iyi reversibility ni ikintu cyingenzi gifasha abaganga gutandukanya asima n'izindi ndwara zo guhumeka.

Q.2 Ese ibisubizo bito bya spirometry bitera impungenge?

Ibisubizo bito bya spirometry ntibitera impungenge mu buryo butaziguye, ariko birashobora rwose gutera kumva uhangayitse cyangwa guhangayika kubyerekeye ubuzima bwawe. Ni ibisanzwe rwose kumva uhangayitse iyo umenye ibyerekeye imikorere y'ibihaha yagabanutse.

Ariko, ingorane zo guhumeka ubwazo rimwe na rimwe zirashobora gutera ibimenyetso byo guhangayika, bigatuma habaho uruziga aho guhangayika kubyerekeye guhumeka bituma ikibazo kigenda kirushaho kuba kibi. Gukorana n'ikipe yawe y'ubuzima ku mpande zombi z'umubiri n'amarangamutima z'indwara z'ibihaha birashobora gufasha cyane.

Q.3 Ese spirometry ishobora kugaragaza kanseri y'ibihaha?

Spirometry ntishobora kugaragaza kanseri y'ibihaha mu buryo butaziguye, kuko ipima imikorere y'ibihaha aho gushakisha ibibyimba cyangwa imikurire idasanzwe. Ariko, irashobora kugaragaza imikorere y'ibihaha yagabanutse niba igibyimba kinini bihagije kugirango gihagarike inzira y'umwuka cyangwa bigire ingaruka ku guhumeka.

Niba umuganga wawe akeka kanseri y'ibihaha, bazategeka ibizamini bitandukanye nka X-rays y'igituza, CT scans, cyangwa izindi nyigo zigaragaza. Spirometry ifite akamaro kanini mu gusuzuma indwara nka asima, COPD, n'izindi ngorane z'ibihaha zikora.

Q.4 Ni kangahe nkwiriye gusubiramo ikizamini cya spirometry?

Uburyo bwo gukora ikizamini cya spirometry buterwa n'imimerere yawe bwite n'indwara z'ibihaha ushobora kuba ufite. Kubantu bafite asima cyangwa COPD, abaganga bakunze gushishikariza gukora ikizamini buri mezi 6-12 kugirango bakurikirane imiterere y'indwara.

Niba uvurwa indwara y'ibihaha, muganga wawe ashobora kwifuza ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo arebe uko imiti yawe ikora neza. Mu gusuzuma ubuzima rusange mu bantu bafite ibyago byinshi, ibizamini buri myaka mike bishobora kuba bikwiye.

Q.5 Mbese hari ibyago cyangwa ingaruka zituruka kuri spirometry?

Spirometry ni nziza cyane kandi ifite ibyago bike ku bantu benshi. Ingaruka zisanzwe ni iz'agateganyo kandi zoroshye, nk'uko kumva wenda uteye urujijo cyangwa umutwe nyuma yo gukora imyitozo yo guhumeka ku ngufu.

Abantu bamwe bashobora guhura no gukorora gato cyangwa kumva bananiwe nyuma y'ikizamini, ariko izi ngaruka zikunda gukira mu minota. Mu buryo butavugwa, ikizamini gishobora gutera ingorane zo guhumeka ku bantu bafite asima ikomeye, ariko abanyabumenyi bafite imyitozo bazi uburyo bwo guhangana n'ibi bibazo mu buryo bwizewe.