Ni iki cyitwa Endoscopy yo hejuru? Intego, Uburyo & Ibivamo

Endoscopy yo hejuru ni uburyo bwa muganga butuma muganga wawe areba imbere mu nzira yawe yo hejuru yo mu gifu akoresheje urushinge ruto, rworoshye rufite kamera. Iyi test ikorwa neza kandi isanzwe ifasha kumenya ibibazo biri mu muhogo wawe, igifu, n'igice cya mbere cy'urugingo ruto rw'amara rwitwa duodenum.

Ubu buryo kandi bwitwa EGD, isobanura esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Nubwo izina risa nk'irigoye, isuzuma ubwaryo ryoroshye kandi risanzwe rifata iminota 15 kugeza kuri 30 gusa kugirango rirangire.

Ni iki cyitwa endoscopy yo hejuru?

Endoscopy yo hejuru ni uburyo bwo gupima aho umuganga w'inzobere mu ndwara z'igifu akoresha igikoresho cyihariye cyitwa endoscope kugirango asuzume sisitemu yawe yo hejuru yo mu gifu. Endoscope ni urushinge ruto, rworoshye rugera ku bunini bw'urutoki rwawe rwa pinky rukubiyemo kamera ntoya n'urumuri ku mpande yarwo.

Mugihe cy'ubu buryo, muganga wawe ayobora buhoro uru rushinge mu kanwa kawe, umanuka mu muhogo wawe, ukajya mu muhogo wawe, igifu, na duodenum. Kamera ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru yohereza amashusho y'igihe nyacyo kuri moniteri, ikemerera muganga wawe kubona neza umurongo w'izi ngingo no kumenya ibitagenda neza.

Uku kugaragaza gutaziguye bifasha abaganga kumenya indwara zishobora kutagaragara neza kuri X-ray cyangwa izindi test zigaragaza. Endoscope irashobora kandi gushyirwaho ibikoresho bito kugirango bafate ibyemezo bya tissue cyangwa bakore imiti mito niba bibaye ngombwa.

Kuki endoscopy yo hejuru ikorwa?

Endoscopy yo hejuru ikorwa kugirango hakurikiranwe ibimenyetso bigira ingaruka ku nzira yawe yo hejuru yo mu gifu no kumenya indwara zitandukanye. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba iyi test niba urimo guhura n'ibimenyetso byo mu gifu bihoraho cyangwa biteye impungenge bikeneye isuzuma rya hafi.

Ubu buryo burashobora gufasha kumenya icyateye ibimenyetso ushobora guhura nabyo. Hano hari impamvu zisanzwe abaganga basaba endoscopy yo hejuru:

• Uburibwe budashira mu gituza cyangwa umwuka mubi utavurwa n'imiti
• Kugorana kumeza cyangwa kumva nk'ibiryo bigumye
• Uburibwe burambye mu nda cyangwa kutumva neza mu nda
• Isesemi n'umuriro bitasobanutse
• Ibimenyetso by'amaraso mu nzira yawe yo mu gifu, nk'ukuruka amaraso cyangwa kwituma ibitukura
• Guta ibiro bitasobanutse
• Uburwayi bwa anemia burambye bushobora guterwa n'amaraso ava imbere

Endoscopy yo hejuru ishobora kandi kumenya no gupima indwara zitandukanye, kuva ku bibazo bisanzwe kugeza ku bibazo bikomeye. Muganga wawe ashobora kumenya umubyimbire, ibisebe, ibibyimba, cyangwa ibitagenda neza bishobora gutera ibimenyetso byawe.

Rimwe na rimwe abaganga bakoresha endoscopy yo hejuru mu gukora isuzuma, cyane cyane niba ufite ibintu byongera ibyago bya zimwe mu ndwara nka Barrett's esophagus cyangwa niba ufite amateka y'umuryango w'umucurane wo mu gifu. Iyi nzira kandi ishobora gukurikirana indwara zizwi cyangwa kureba uko imiti ikora neza.

Ni iki gikorerwa endoscopy yo hejuru?

Uburyo bwa endoscopy yo hejuru busanzwe bukorerwa ahantu hanze y'abarwayi, nk'icyumba cy'ibitaro cya endoscopy cyangwa ivuriro ryihariye. Uzahagera isaha imwe mbere y'igihe cyagenwe cyo gukora kugira ngo urangize impapuro kandi witegure ikizamini.

Mbere yuko igikorwa gitangira, ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi izasuzuma amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi n'imiti ukoresha ubu. Uzahindura imyenda y'ibitaro kandi ushyireho umurongo wa IV mu kuboko kwawe kugira ngo ukoreshe imiti. Ibimenyetso byawe by'ubuzima bizagenzurwa mu gihe cyose cy'igikorwa.

Abantu benshi bakira imiti ituma umuntu asinzira, bivuze ko uzaruhuka kandi ugasinzira ariko ugahumeka wenyine. Imiti ituma usinzira igufasha kumva umeze neza kandi igabanya impungenge cyangwa kutumva neza. Abantu bamwe bashobora guhitamo gukora iki gikorwa bakoresheje gusa umuti wo mu muhogo wo gukara ako gace, nubwo ibi bidakunze gukorwa.

Mugihe cyo gukora iki gikorwa, uzaryama ku ruhande rwawe rw'ibumoso ku meza yo gupimira. Muganga wawe azashyira mu buryo bworoheje endoscope mu kanwa kawe akoresheje umuhogo wawe. Endoscope ntizabangamira guhumeka kwawe, kuko ica mu muhogo wawe, ntabwo ica mu muyoboro w'umwuka.

Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza buri gice, areba imbere y'umuhogo wawe, igifu, na duodenum. Barashobora gufata amafoto cyangwa amashusho y'ikintu icyo aricyo cyose kidasanzwe. Niba bibaye ngombwa, barashobora gufata uduce duto tw'imitsi twitwa biopsies bakoresheje ibikoresho bito binyuze muri endoscope.

Iki gikorwa cyose gikunze gufata iminota 15 kugeza kuri 30, bitewe n'icyo muganga wawe asanze niba hari ibindi bikorwa bikenewe. Nyuma yo kurangiza isuzuma, endoscope ikurwaho buhoro, hanyuma uzajyanwa ahantu ho koroherwa.

Ni gute wakwitegura endoscopy yo hejuru?

Kwitegura neza ni ngombwa kugirango endoscopy yo hejuru igende neza kandi umutekano wawe mugihe cyo gukora iki gikorwa. Ibiro bya muganga wawe bizaguha amabwiriza yihariye, ariko aha hari intambwe rusange zo kwitegura ugomba gukurikiza.

Ikintu cyingenzi cyo kwitegura ni ukuzirikana mbere yo gukora iki gikorwa. Uzagomba guhagarika kurya no kunywa byibuze amasaha 8 kugeza kuri 12 mbere y'igihe cyagenwe. Ibi bituma igifu cyawe kiba cyuzuye, bigaha muganga wawe uko abona neza kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kugira ibibazo.

Ugomba kandi gusuzuma imiti yawe na muganga wawe mbere. Imwe mumiti irashobora gukenera guhindurwa cyangwa guhagarikwa by'agateganyo mbere yo gukora iki gikorwa:

• Imiti igabanya amaraso nka warfarin cyangwa clopidogrel irashobora gukenera guhagarikwa iminsi myinshi mbere
• Imiti ya diyabete irashobora gukenera guhindurwa bitewe n'ibisabwa byo kuzirikana
• Abahagarika pompe ya proton yo kurwanya aside irashobora gukenera guhagarikwa kugirango habeho imbonerahamwe nziza
• Ifumbire ya feri irashobora guhagarikwa by'agateganyo kuko ishobora kugira ingaruka ku kugaragara

Ubanze utegure umuntu uzagutwara nyuma y'igikorwa, kuko imiti igabanya ubushake izagira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo gutwara neza. Ukanateganya gufata ikiruhuko cy'umunsi wose ku kazi cyangwa mu bindi bikorwa kugira ngo ingaruka z'imiti igabanya ubushake zishire burundu.

Ku munsi w'igikorwa cyawe, wambare imyenda yoroshye, yagutse kandi usige imitako n'ibintu by'agaciro mu rugo. Kura amaso, amenyo y'ubwenge, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byose byo mu kanwa bishobora gukurwaho mbere y'uko igikorwa gitangira.

Ni gute usoma ibisubizo byawe bya endoscopy yo hejuru?

Ibisubizo byawe bya endoscopy yo hejuru mubisanzwe bizaboneka ako kanya nyuma y'igikorwa, nubwo ibisubizo bya biopsy bishobora gutwara iminsi myinshi cyangwa icyumweru. Muganga wawe azasanzwe aganira nawe n'umuryango wawe ku byavumbuwe bya mbere mu gace ko gukira umaze gukanguka bihagije kugira ngo ubyumve.

Raporo isanzwe ya endoscopy yo hejuru izerekana ko umuhogo wawe, igifu, na duodenum bisa neza nta bimenyetso byo kubyimba, ibisebe, ibibyimba, cyangwa ibindi bidasanzwe. Umurongo ugomba kugaragara woroshye kandi ukoresha ibara ry'umutuku, nta mikurire idasanzwe cyangwa ahantu h'impungenge.

Niba hari ibidasanzwe byabonetse, muganga wawe azasobanura icyo babonye n'icyo bisobanura ku buzima bwawe. Ibintu bisanzwe bishobora kuba birimo:

• Indwara ya gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) hamwe n'ibimenyetso byo kwangiza umuhogo na aside
• Ibisembe bya peptic mu gifu cyangwa duodenum
• Urubyimba rw'umurongo w'igifu rwitwa gastritis
• Hernia ya hiatal aho igice cy'igifu kizamuka binyuze muri diaphragm
• Barrett's esophagus, uburwayi aho aside reflux ihindura umurongo w'umuhogo
• Polyps cyangwa imikurire mito ishobora gukenera gukurikiranwa cyangwa gukurwaho

Niba ibizamini by'imitsi byafashwe mu gihe cy'igikorwa cyawe, ibi bizoherezwa ku muhanga mu by'indwara kugira ngo abikoreho isuzuma rito rito. Ibisubizo bya biopsy bifasha kwemeza indwara no gukuraho indwara zikomeye nka kanseri. Muganga wawe azavugana nawe kuri ibi bisubizo akuganirire ku buryo bwo gukurikiranwa.

Muganga wawe azaguha raporo yanditse irimo amafoto yafatiwe mu gihe cy'igikorwa cyawe n'ibisubizo birambuye. Iyi raporo ni ingenzi kuyibika mu nyandiko zawe z'ubuvuzi no gusangira n'abandi baganga niba bibaye ngombwa.

Ni ibihe bintu bitera ibyago byo gukenera endoscopy yo hejuru?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo kurwara indwara zo mu gice cyo hejuru cy'igifu bishobora gusaba isuzuma rya endoscopy yo hejuru. Kumva ibi bintu bitera ibyago bishobora kugufasha kumenya igihe ibimenyetso bishobora gukenera ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi.

Imyaka ni kimwe mu bintu bitera ibyago bikomeye, kuko indwara zo mu gifu zigenda ziba rusange uko tugenda dusaza. Abantu barengeje imyaka 50 bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara indwara nka peptic ulcers, gastritis, na Barrett's esophagus. Ariko, ibibazo byo mu gice cyo hejuru cy'igifu bishobora kubaho mu gihe icyo aricyo cyose.

Ibintu byinshi by'imibereho bishobora kongera ibyago byawe byo kurwara indwara zishobora gusaba endoscopy yo hejuru:

• Gukoresha buri gihe imiti idafite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ibicurane (NSAIDs) nka ibuprofen cyangwa aspirine
• Kunywa inzoga nyinshi, bishobora kurakaza urukuta rw'igifu
• Umunyinya, wongera umusaruro w'aside kandi ukadindiza gukira
• Umutwaro mwinshi, ushobora gutuma aside reflux n'ibibazo by'igifu birushaho kuba bibi
• Imyifatire mibi yo kurya, harimo ibiryo byinshi bifite ibirungo, aside, cyangwa ibinure byinshi

Indwara zimwe na zimwe z'ubuvuzi nazo zongera ibyago byawe byo kurwara indwara zo mu gice cyo hejuru cy'igifu. Abantu barwaye diyabete, indwara ziterwa n'umubiri ubwawo, cyangwa indwara zidakira z'impyiko bashobora kurwara gastritis na ulcers. Amateka y'umuryango wa kanseri y'igifu cyangwa Barrett's esophagus nayo ashobora gukenera endoscopy yo gupima.

Udukoko twa bagiteri ya Helicobacter pylori ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi gishobora gutera ibibazo by'ibisebe byo mu gifu no kubyimbirwa kw'igifu. Ubu bwandu busanzwe bwa bagiteri bushobora kumenyekana hakoreshejwe ibizamini by'amaraso, ibizamini by'umwuka, cyangwa ibizamini by'ifumbire, kandi kuvurwa neza mubisanzwe bikemura ibimenyetso bifitanye isano nabyo.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora guterwa no gukoresha endoscopy yo hejuru?

Gukoresha endoscopy yo hejuru muri rusange ni uburyo bwizewe cyane bufite ibibazo bike. Ibibazo bikomeye ni gake, bibaho munsi ya 1% by'imanza. Ariko, nk'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura, hariho ibibazo bimwe bishobora kuvuka ugomba kumenya.

Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara ni nto kandi z'agateganyo. Ushobora kugira umuhogo ubabara umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri nyuma y'uburyo, kimwe n'uko wenda wumva nyuma yo kuvurwa amenyo. Abantu bamwe kandi bumva barabyimbye cyangwa bagira ibibazo byoroheje byo mu gifu biturutse ku mwuka ukoreshwa mu guhumeka igifu mugihe cyo gukora isuzuma.

Ibibazo bikomeye biragoye ariko bishobora kwirimo:

• Gusohoka amaraso, cyane cyane niba hafashwe ibizamini cyangwa ibibyimba byakuweho
• Gucumitwa cyangwa kurabukwa gato mu rukuta rw'inzira yo mu gifu
• Ubwoko, nubwo ibi biba gake cyane hamwe nuburyo bwa none bwo gukora isuku
• Ingaruka mbi ku miti ituma umuntu asinzira
• Kwinjiza niba ibiri mu gifu byinjira mu bihaha

Ibibazo bishobora kuvuka birazamuka gato niba ufite ibibazo by'ubuzima runaka, nko kurwara umutima cyangwa indwara y'ibihaha, cyangwa niba ufata imiti ituma amaraso ataguma. Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza ibintu byawe byihariye mbere yo kugusaba ubu buryo.

Ibibazo byinshi, niba bibayeho, ni bito kandi birashobora kuvurwa neza. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi ryatojwe kumenya no gucunga ibibazo byose bishobora kuvuka mugihe cyangwa nyuma y'uburyo. Inyungu zo kubona icyemezo cy'ukuri mubisanzwe ziruta cyane ibibazo bito birimo.

Ni ryari nkwiriye kubona muganga kugirango akoreshe endoscopy yo hejuru?

Ugomba gutekereza kubiganira na muganga wawe ku birebana na endoscopy yo hejuru niba ufite ibimenyetso bihoraho cyangwa biteye impungenge bijyanye n'inzira yawe yo hejuru yo mu gifu. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukumenya igihe ibimenyetso birenze gusa kutamererwa neza rimwe na rimwe kandi bishobora kwerekana ikibazo gikeneye isuzuma rya muganga.

Shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikomeye, kuko bishobora kwerekana ibibazo bisaba isuzuma ryihuse:

• Kuruka amaraso cyangwa ibintu bisa n'ubutaka bwa kawa
• Imyanda yirabura, isa na gaze ishobora kwerekana kuva imbere
• Urubavu rukabije rudakira ukoresheje imiti itagurishwa
• Kugorana kumeza bikomeza kuba bibi cyangwa bikubuza kurya neza
• Guta ibiro bitasobanutse birenga ibiro 4
• Kuruka guhoraho kukubuza kugumana ibiryo cyangwa amazi

Ugomba kandi kuvugana na muganga wawe kuri endoscopy yo hejuru niba ufite ibimenyetso bihoraho bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho yawe. Uburibwe bwo mu gituza bubaho inshuro zirenga ebyiri mu cyumweru, kuribwa mu gifu guhoraho, cyangwa isesemi n'umururumba bikwiye isuzuma rya muganga.

Niba urengeje imyaka 50 kandi ufite ibintu bigushyira mu kaga nk'amateka y'umuryango ya kanseri yo mu gifu, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukora endoscopy yo gupima kabone n'iyo udafite ibimenyetso. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, niba ufite esophagus ya Barrett cyangwa ibindi bibazo byongera ibyago bya kanseri, endoscopy yo gukurikirana buri gihe irashobora gusabwa.

Ntugatinye kuvugana n'ibimenyetso byawe na muganga wawe w'ibanze, ushobora gufasha kumenya niba endoscopy yo hejuru ikwiriye kuri wowe. Isuzuma rito n'imiti y'ibibazo byo mu gifu akenshi bituma habaho ibisubizo byiza kandi bishobora gukumira ingorane zikomeye.

Ibikunze kubazwa kuri endoscopy yo hejuru

Q.1 Ese ikizamini cya endoscopy yo hejuru ni cyiza mu kumenya kanseri yo mu gifu?

Yego, endoscopy yo hejuru ni nziza cyane mu kumenya kanseri yo mu gifu kandi ifatwa nk'urwego rwa mbere mu gupima iyi ndwara. Iyi nzira ifasha muganga wawe kureba mu buryo bweruye urukuta rw'igifu no kumenya ibintu bidasanzwe byakuze, ibisebe, cyangwa impinduka mu mitsi bishobora kwerekana kanseri.

Mugihe cy'iyi nzira, muganga wawe ashobora gufata uduce tw'imitsi kuva ahantu hose hakekwa kugirango hakorwe isuzuma rya biopsy. Uku guhuza kureba mu buryo bweruye no gufata uduce tw'imitsi bituma endoscopy yo hejuru ikora neza cyane mu kumenya kanseri yo mu gifu, ndetse no mu ntangiriro zayo igihe kuvurwa bikora neza cyane.

Q.2 Ese endoscopy yo hejuru irababaza?

Endoscopy yo hejuru mubisanzwe ntibabaza, cyane cyane iyo ikozwe hamwe no gutuza. Abantu benshi bahabwa imiti ibatuza, ibatuma baruhuka kandi bagasinzira mugihe cy'iyi nzira. Ushobora kumva umuvuduko runaka cyangwa kutoroherwa gake mugihe endoscope inyura mu muhogo wawe, ariko ibi mubisanzwe biraba byihuse kandi bigashoboka.

Nyuma y'iyi nzira, ushobora kugira umuhogo ubabara gato kumunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri, bisa nkibyo ushobora guhura nabyo nyuma yo kuvurwa mu menyo. Abantu bamwe kandi bumva barimo kubyimba gato kubera umwuka wakoreshejwe mugihe cy'isuzuma, ariko ibi mubisanzwe birashira vuba.

Q.3 Bifata igihe kingana iki kugirango umuntu akire nyuma ya endoscopy yo hejuru?

Kuvura nyuma ya endoscopy yo hejuru mubisanzwe birihuta kandi biroroshye. Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mumirimo isanzwe mumasaha 24 nyuma yiyi nzira. Ingaruka zo gutuza mubisanzwe zirashira mumasaha 2 kugeza kuri 4, nubwo utagomba gutwara imodoka cyangwa gufata ibyemezo byingenzi umunsi wose.

Mubisanzwe urashobora kurya no kunywa mubisanzwe mugihe imiti ituza imaze gushira, utangira n'ibiryo byoroheje hanyuma ugasubira buhoro buhoro kurya ibyo usanzwe urya. Uburibwe bwose bwo mu muhogo cyangwa kubyimba bigomba gushira mumunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri nta kuvurwa kwihariye.

Q.4 Ese endoscopy yo hejuru ishobora kumenya acide reflux?

Yego, endoscopy yo hejuru ishobora kugaragaza acide reflux n'ingaruka zayo. Iyi nzira ifasha muganga wawe kubona ububyimbirwe, ibishishwa, cyangwa ibisebe mu muhogo biterwa na aside yo mu gifu. Ibi bimenyetso bifasha kwemeza icyemezo cya gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) no gusuzuma ubukana bwayo.

Endoscopy yo hejuru kandi ishobora kugaragaza ingaruka zo kugaruka kwa aside igihe kirekire, nka Barrett's esophagus, aho uruhu rusanzwe rw'umuhogo ruhinduka bitewe no guhora uhuye na aside. Iyi makuru afasha muganga wawe gukora gahunda y'imiti ikwiriye cyane kubera uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze.

Q.5 Ni kangahe nkwiriye gukora endoscopy yo hejuru?

Uburyo bwo gukora endoscopy yo hejuru buterwa n'uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze, ibimenyetso, n'ubundi burwayi bwagaragajwe mugihe cy'ibindi bikorwa byabanjirije. Abantu benshi ntibakeneye endoscopy buri gihe keretse bafite uburwayi bwihariye busaba gukurikiranwa.

Niba ufite Barrett's esophagus, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukora endoscopy buri myaka 1 kugeza kuri 3 bitewe n'uburemere bwayo. Abantu bafite amateka ya polyps yo mu gifu cyangwa ubundi burwayi butaratera kanseri bashobora no gukenera gukurikiranwa buri gihe. Muganga wawe azatanga inama zihariye zishingiye ku buzima bwawe bwite n'ibintu byongera ibyago.