Pemoline ni iki: Ibikoreshwa, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti n'ibindi

Pemoline ni umuti ushishikariza imikorere y'imitsi yo hagati mu mubiri, wahoze wandikirwa kuvura indwara yo kutita ku bintu no kwiruka cyane (ADHD) mu bana n'abantu bakuru. Ariko, uyu muti wakuweho mu bihugu byinshi kubera impungenge zikomeye z'umutekano, cyane cyane ibyago byo kwangirika bikomeye kw'umwijima.

Nubwo pemoline yari ifite akamaro mu kugenzura ibimenyetso bya ADHD, ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutera ibibazo by'umwijima byateje akaga ko gutuma umuntu apfa byatumye ikurwa ku isoko ahantu henshi. Kumva impamvu uyu muti utagikoreshwa cyane birashobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo bifitiye umumaro ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kuvura ADHD.

Pemoline ni iki?

Pemoline ni mu cyiciro cy'imiti yitwa imiti ishimisha imikorere y'imitsi yo hagati mu mubiri. Ikora kimwe n'indi miti ya ADHD mu kugira ingaruka ku bimera bimwe byo mu bwonko bigenzura imyitwarire n'imyifatire.

Uyu muti wemerejwe bwa mbere mu myaka ya za 1970 kandi wacururizwaga mu mazina y'ubucuruzi nka Cylert. Bitandukanye n'indi miti ishimisha imikorere y'imitsi, pemoline yari ifite igihe kirekire cyo gukora, bivuze ko yashoboraga gukora igihe kirekire hamwe n'urugero rumwe gusa ku munsi.

Ariko, pemoline itandukanye mu buryo bugaragara n'ibindi bishimisha imikorere y'imitsi nka methylphenidate cyangwa amphetamines. Iyi miterere idasanzwe yagize uruhare mu kugira akamaro n'ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n'iyo miti.

Pemoline ikoreshwa mu kuvura iki?

Pemoline yandikirwaga cyane cyane kuvura ADHD mu bana, urubyiruko, n'abantu bakuru. Yafashaga mu kunoza imyumvire, kugabanya kwiruka cyane, no kugenzura imyitwarire y'uburakari iranga iyi ndwara.

Uyu muti wari ukurura abaganga n'imiryango bamwe kuko byari ngombwa ko ufata rimwe gusa ku munsi. Ibi byatumaga byoroha ku bana gukurikiza gahunda yabo yo kuvurwa ugereranije n'imiti yasabaga urugero rwinshi umunsi wose.

Mu bice bike, pemoline rimwe na rimwe yakoreshwaga mu buryo butemewe ku bindi bibazo nka narcolepsy, nubwo atari wo murimo wayo wemewe. Ariko, bitewe n'impungenge zikomeye z'umutekano, izi nshingano ntizikigaragara.

Pemoline ikora ite?

Pemoline ikora yongera urwego rw'imiti imwe yo mu bwonko yitwa neurotransmitters, cyane cyane dopamine na norepinephrine. Iyi miti igira uruhare runini mu kwitondera, kwibanda, no kugenzura imyitwarire.

Bitandukanye n'indi miti imwe ya ADHD ikora vuba, pemoline yiyongera mu mubiri wawe uko igihe kigenda. Ibi bivuze ko bishobora gufata ibyumweru byinshi kugira ngo bigere ku gikorwa cyayo cyuzuye, ariko kandi byatanze uburyo bwo kugenzura ibimenyetso birambye.

Uyu muti ufatwa nk'umutima ukomeye, ukaba uri hagati y'uburyo bworoshye n'ibindi bikoresho bikomeye. Ariko, imbaraga zayo zasubizwaga inyuma n'ibibazo bikomeye by'umutekano.

Nkwiriye gufata pemoline nte?

Niba pemoline yari igitangwa (ibyo bikaba bidakunze kubaho), byari bisanzwe bifatwa rimwe ku munsi mu gitondo. Uyu muti washoboraga gufatwa hamwe cyangwa nta funguro, nubwo kuwufata hamwe n'ibiryo byafasha kugabanya indwara zo mu gifu.

Igihe cyo gufata urugero cyari ingenzi kuko kuwufata nyuma y'umunsi byashoboraga kubangamira gusinzira. Abaganga benshi basaba kuwufata mu gihe kimwe buri gitondo kugira ngo bagumane urwego ruhamye mu mubiri wawe.

Ibizami by'amaraso bya buri gihe byari ingenzi cyane niba ufata pemoline, kuko imikorere y'umwijima yagombaga gukurikiranwa neza. Uku gukurikirana byari bisanzwe bitangira mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa kandi bigakomeza buri gihe mu gihe cyose cyo gukoresha.

Nkwiriye gufata pemoline igihe kingana iki?

Igihe cyo kuvura na pemoline cyaterwaga n'uburyo umuntu yitwara ndetse n'ibitekerezo by'umutekano. Ariko, bitewe n'ibibazo bikomeye by'umwijima, ibihe byo kuvura byari bisanzwe bigufi uko bishoboka kose mugihe bagifite akamaro.

Isuzuma buri gihe byari ngombwa kugira ngo hamenyekane niba umuti ugikenewe kandi niba byari byiza gukomeza. Abaganga benshi bageragezaga kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika umuti rimwe na rimwe kugira ngo barebe niba ugikenewe.

Icyemezo cyo gukomeza kuvura cyagombaga guhora gipima inyungu n'ibibazo bishobora guteza akaga gakomeye. Muri iki gihe, mu bice byinshi, hatoranywa izindi nzira zifite umutekano kurusha izindi.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa na Pemoline?

Pemoline ishobora gutera ingaruka zitandukanye, kuva ku zoroheje kugeza ku zishobora guteza akaga gakomeye. Kumva ibi bibazo ni ngombwa kuri buri wese utekereza kuri uyu muti.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo zirimo:

• Kugabanya ubushake bwo kurya no gutakaza ibiro
• Kugorana gusinzira cyangwa kutagira ibitotsi
• Urubu mu nda cyangwa isesemi
• Umutwe
• Kuribwa umutwe cyangwa kumva ureremba
• Kugira umujinya cyangwa guhinduka kw'amarangamutima
• Umutima wihuta

Izi ngaruka zisanzwe zisa n'iziboneka ku yindi miti ikangura kandi akenshi zirushaho gukira uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti.

Ariko, pemoline ifite ibibazo bikomeye bituma itandukana n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura ADHD:

• Ukwangirika gukomeye kw'umwijima, harimo no kunanirwa kw'umwijima
• Umuhondo w'uruhu cyangwa amaso (jaundice)
• Uburibwe bukomeye mu nda
• Inkari z'umukara cyangwa imyanda y'umweru
• Umunaniro udasanzwe cyangwa intege nke
• Gutakaza ubushake bwo kurya hamwe n'isesemi

Ibibazo byo kwangirika kw'umwijima nibyo bituma pemoline iba mbi cyane. Ibi bishobora kubaho nta kibazo kandi bishobora kwica. Iyi niyo mpamvu gukurikirana amaraso buri gihe byari ngombwa iyo uyu muti wakoreshwaga.

Ingaruka zidasanzwe ariko zikomeye zirimo kandi ibibazo bikomeye byo kwivumbura, imyitwarire idasanzwe, cyangwa impinduka zikomeye mu miterere y'ubwenge. Ibyo byose bidasanzwe byasaba ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga.

Ninde utagomba gufata Pemoline?

Kubera impungenge zikomeye z'umutekano, pemoline ntabwo ikwiriye abantu benshi. Ibikomere akenshi biruta ibyiza ku bantu benshi.

Ntugomba rwose gufata pemoline niba ufite:

• Amateka yose y'indwara y'umwijima cyangwa ibibazo by'umwijima
• Uko byahoze byose byatewe n'uburwayi bwa pemoline
• Ibibazo bikomeye by'umutima cyangwa umuvuduko w'amaraso udagenzurwa
• Amateka yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge
• Ubwoba bukomeye cyangwa guhungabana
• Glaucoma cyangwa izindi ndwara zikomeye z'amaso

Ndetse niyo utagira ibi bibazo, abaganga benshi ubu ntibazandika pemoline kubera kuboneka kw'ibindi bisimburwa bifite umutekano kurushaho.

Ubwitange bwihariye bukenewe ku bana bari munsi y'imyaka 6, abarwayi bakuze, n'umuntu wese ufite ibibazo by'impyiko cyangwa indwara zo gufatwa. Abagore batwite cyangwa bonka bagomba kwirinda iyi miti rwose.

Amazina ya Pemoline

Pemoline yagurishwaga mbere y'izina ry'ubwoko butandukanye, Cylert ikaba ariyo izwi cyane. Izindi nshuti z'izina zirimo Pemoline n'uburyo butandukanye bwa rusange.

Ariko, amazina menshi y'ubwo bwoko ntabwo akiboneka mu bihugu byinshi. Uruganda rwa mbere rwahagaritse Cylert mu 2005 kubera impungenge z'umutekano, nubwo ubwoko bumwe bwa rusange bwakomeje kuboneka mu gihe gito.

Niba uhuye n'aya mazina y'ubwoko, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ko afite ibyago bikomeye kimwe n'uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwa pemoline.

Uburyo bwa Pemoline

Ku bw'amahirwe, hariho uburyo bwinshi bufite umutekano kandi bukora neza kurusha pemoline yo kuvura ADHD. Izi nzira zigezweho zitanga uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura ibimenyetso nta byago bikomeye by'umwijima.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza ibishishikariza birimo:

• Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate)
• Umunyu wa Amphetamine (Adderall, Vyvanse)
• Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
• Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)

Uburyo butari ubushishikariza buraboneka kandi bushobora gukundwa nabantu bamwe:

• Atomoxetine (Strattera)
• Guanfacine (Intuniv)
• Clonidine (Kapvay)
• Viloxazine (Qelbree)

Izi zindi zifite ubushakashatsi bwinshi kandi zifite umutekano mwinshi kurusha pemoline. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gushaka uburyo bwiza bushingiye ku byo ukeneye n'amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi.

Ese Pemoline iruta Methylphenidate?

Nubwo pemoline na methylphenidate (Ritalin) zombi ari imiti itera imbaraga ya ADHD, methylphenidate akenshi ifatwa nk'umutekano kandi ifite akamaro kurushaho. Ugereranya cyane cyane methylphenidate kubera impamvu z'umutekano.

Inyungu nyamukuru ya Pemoline yari imiti imwe ku munsi, ibyo byatumye byoroha kurusha ubwoko bwa kera bwa methylphenidate. Ariko, ubu bwoko bushya bwa methylphenidate butinda gusohoka ubu butanga ibintu byoroshye nk'ibyo nta ngaruka zikomeye.

Methylphenidate yakoreshejwe neza mumyaka myinshi kandi ntigira ingaruka zo kwangiza umwijima zifitanye isano na pemoline. Ikorana kandi vuba kandi ifite ingaruka zizwi, bituma byoroha kubaganga guhindura imiti uko bikwiye.

Abaganga benshi bagiye kure ya pemoline bashyigikira izindi nzira zifite umutekano nka methylphenidate n'indi miti ya none ya ADHD.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Pemoline

Q1. Ese Pemoline irakoreshwa igihe kirekire?

Oya, pemoline ntabwo ifatwa nk'umutekano wo gukoreshwa igihe kirekire kubera ingaruka zo kwangiza umwijima bikomeye. Iyi ngaruka isa nkaho yiyongera mugihe cyo kuvurwa kirekire, bituma gukoresha igihe kirekire biba akaga cyane.

Ukwangirika kw'umwijima gushobora kubaho igihe icyo aricyo cyose cyo kuvurwa, ndetse nyuma y'amezi cyangwa imyaka yo gukoresha neza. Ibi bitazwi bituma kuvurwa igihe kirekire na pemoline bigira akaga cyane kandi niyo mpamvu abaganga benshi ubu birinda kuyandika rwose.

Q2. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba mfashe pemoline nyinshi bitunguranye?

Niba wanyoye pemoline nyinshi mu buryo butunganye, shakisha ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga cyangwa uvugishe abashinzwe gukurikirana uburozi. Kwiyongera k'umuti bishobora kuba bikomeye kandi bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Ibimenyetso byo kwiyongera k'umuti bishobora kuba birimo umujinya ukabije, umutima utera cyane, umuvuduko mwinshi w'amaraso, urujijo, cyangwa gufatwa. Ntukegere ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bigaragara - shakisha ubufasha bw'abaganga ako kanya niba ucyeka ko hari umuti wiyongereye.

Q3. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nsimbukiye urugero rwa Pemoline?

Niba wasimbukiye urugero rwa pemoline, rinywe ako kanya wibuka, ariko niba bikiri kare ku manywa. Niba ari nimugoroba cyangwa nimugoroba, reka urugero wasimbukiye kugirango wirinde ibibazo byo gusinzira.

Ntuzigere unywa urugero rurenzeho kugirango usimbure urwo wasimbukiye, kuko ibi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti. Ahubwo, garuka kuri gahunda yawe isanzwe yo kunywa imiti ku munsi ukurikira.

Q4. Nshobora guhagarika ryari kunywa Pemoline?

Ugomba guhagarika kunywa pemoline gusa ukurikije ubuyobozi bw'abaganga. Muganga wawe azakenera gukurikirana imikorere y'umwijima wawe kandi ashobora gushaka kugabanya urugero buhoro buhoro aho guhagarika ako kanya.

Bitewe n'impungenge zikomeye z'umutekano wa pemoline, abaganga benshi mu by'ukuri basaba guhindukira ku kindi kintu gifite umutekano kurusha gukomeza kuvura. Iyi myanzuro igomba gufatwa buri gihe hamwe n'umuganga wawe.

Q5. Hariho ibiryo cyangwa imiti ngomba kwirinda niba ndimo kunywa Pemoline?

Mugihe unywa pemoline, ugomba kwirinda inzoga rwose, kuko bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwangiza umwijima. Ugomba kandi kwitonda n'indi miti ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwijima, harimo imiti imwe yo kurwanya ububabare n'ibinyabutabazi by'ibyatsi.

Buri gihe bwire muganga wawe ku miti yose, ibinyabutabazi, n'ibicuruzwa by'ibyatsi urimo kunywa. Imvange zimwe zirashobora kuba ziteje akaga, kandi muganga wawe akeneye aya makuru kugirango akurinde.

Ikawa irimo caffeine ishobora kongera ingaruka zirimo guhagarika umutima cyangwa ibibazo byo gusinzira, bityo ushobora kwifuza kugabanya ikawa, icyayi, n'ibindi byose birimo caffeine mugihe ufata uyu muti.