Pretomanid ni iki: Ibikoresho, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti n'ibindi

Pretomanid ni umuti w'amavuta mushya wagenewe kuvura ubwoko bumwe bwa tuberculosis (TB) butitabira neza imiti isanzwe ikoreshwa. Ukora ukoresheje kwibasira mikorobe itera TB mu buryo bwihariye, bigatuma uba ingirakamaro cyane mu kuvura ubwoko bwa iyi ndwara yo mu muhogo idakira kubera imiti.

Uyu muti ugaragaza intambwe ikomeye mu kuvura TB, cyane cyane ku bantu banduye iyi ndwara itavurwa n'imiti isanzwe ikoreshwa. Kumva uko pretomanid ikora n'icyo wakwitega bishobora kugufasha kumva ufite icyizere cyinshi ku rugendo rwawe rwo kuvurwa.

Pretomanid ni iki?

Pretomanid ni umwe mu bwoko bw'imiti y'amavuta yitwa nitroimidazoles, ikora mu buryo butandukanye n'imiti ya kera ya TB. Yatejwe imbere by'umwihariko kugira ngo irwanye mikorobe ya tuberculosis yamaze kwanga imiti myinshi isanzwe ikoreshwa.

Uyu muti ubangamira ubushobozi bwa mikorobe bwo kubaka no gukomeza urukuta rw'uturemangingo twabo, mu by'ukuri tukaziteza intege nke kugeza igihe zitagishobora kubaho. Ubu buryo bwihariye butuma pretomanid ikora neza cyane ku ndwara ya TB idakira, imiti yindi y'amavuta ikaba itabasha kuyitsinda.

Ubusanzwe uzahabwa pretomanid nk'igice cy'ubuvuzi buhuriweho, bivuze ko ikora hamwe n'indi miti ya TB kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kuvura bukomeye. Ubu buryo buhuriweho bufasha kwirinda ko mikorobe yatera ubudahangarwa ku muti umwe.

Pretomanid ikoreshwa mu kuvura iki?

Pretomanid ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura tuberculosis idakira cyane kubera imiti (XDR-TB) no mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bya tuberculosis idakira kubera imiti myinshi (MDR-TB). Ubu ni ubwoko bukomeye bwa TB butitabira imiti isanzwe ikoreshwa.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugutera pretomanid niba urwaye igituntu cyo mu bihaha - ubwoko bugira ingaruka ku bihaha byawe - kandi imiti yabanje itaratsinda. Yemerejwe byihariye gukoreshwa hamwe na bedaquiline na linezolid, bigakora icyo bita BPaL regimen.

Uyu muti ubikirwa mu gihe izindi nzira zo kuvura zarangiye cyangwa zitakwiriye. Itsinda ryawe ryita ku buzima rizasesengura neza uko umeze kugira ngo rimenye niba pretomanid ari wo muti ukwiriye wo kuvura igituntu cyawe.

Pretomanid ikora ite?

Pretomanid ikora ibuza mikorobe y’igituntu gukora ibintu byingenzi bakeneye kugira ngo babaho. Ifatwa nk'umuti ukomera wo kurwanya mikorobe ugamije mikorobe y’igituntu mu buryo bwihariye ugereranije n'imiti ya kera.

Uyu muti ukoreshwa imbere muri mikorobe y’igituntu binyuze muri enzyme yihariye. Iyo imaze gukoreshwa, ikora ibintu byangiza bigira ingaruka ku DNA ya mikorobe kandi bikabangamira imikorere yabo y'ingufu, amaherezo bigatuma zipfa.

Igituma pretomanid ifite agaciro cyane ni ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya mikorobe zikura cyane n'izihishe zishobora kuba zihishe mu mubiri wawe. Iki gikorwa cyombi gifasha kumenyera neza indwara yawe y’igituntu.

Nkwiriye gufata pretomanid nte?

Ukwiriye gufata pretomanid nkuko byategetswe na muganga wawe, akenshi rimwe ku munsi hamwe n'ibiryo. Kuyifata hamwe n'ifunguro bifasha umubiri wawe kwinjiza umuti neza kandi bishobora kugabanya amahirwe yo kurwara mu gifu.

Nibyiza gufata pretomanid ku gihe kimwe buri munsi kugirango ugumane urwego rwo mu mubiri wawe. Urashobora kuyifata n'amazi, amata, cyangwa umutobe - icyo cyose wumva cyiza kuri wewe. Birasabwa gufata agafunguro gato cyangwa ifunguro mbere yuko ufata umuti.

Irinde gufata pretomanid ku gifu cyambaye ubusa, kuko ibyo bishobora kongera ibyago byo kuribwa mu nda kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wawe wumva imiti. Niba wumva utameze neza mu nda, gerageza kuyifata hamwe n'ifunguro rinini cyangwa uvugane n'umuganga wawe ku bijyanye n'igihe cyo kuyifata.

Mbona Nzamara Igihe Kingana Giki Ndafata Pretomanid?

Uburyo bwo kuvura busanzwe hamwe na pretomanid bumara amezi agera kuri 6, nubwo muganga wawe azagena igihe nyacyo gishingiye ku burwayi bwawe bwihariye n'uburyo wakiriye ubuvuzi. Ibi ni bigufi cyane ugereranije n'ubuvuzi busanzwe bwa TB, akenshi busaba amezi 18-24.

Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizakurikirana iterambere ryawe binyuze mu gusuzuma buri gihe, ibizamini by'amaraso, n'ibizamini byerekana ishusho kugirango barebe neza ko umuti ukora neza. Bashobora guhindura igihe cyo kuvura niba bibaye ngombwa bitewe n'uburyo umubiri wawe witwara.

Ni ngombwa kurangiza uburyo bwose bwo kuvura, kabone niyo watangira kumva umeze neza mbere yo kurangiza imiti yose. Guhagarika kare bishobora gutuma bagiteri ya TB igaruka kandi bikaba bishobora gutuma igira ubwirinzi ku miti.

Ni Iyihe Ngaruka Ziterwa na Pretomanid?

Kimwe n'indi miti yose, pretomanid ishobora gutera ingaruka, nubwo atari buri wese uzagira izo ngaruka. Kumva icyo ugomba kwitondera bishobora kugufasha gukemura ibibazo byose bishobora kuvuka no kumenya igihe cyo kuvugana n'umuganga wawe.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zikunda kuba zoroshye kandi akenshi zikagenda zikemuka uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti. Aha hari ingaruka ushobora guhura nazo cyane:

• Kuribwa mu nda no kuruka, cyane cyane mu byumweru bya mbere
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya cyangwa guhinduka kw'uburyohe
• Kugira umunaniro mwinshi no kumva unaniwe muri rusange
• Umutwe
• Impiswi cyangwa kutumva neza mu nda
• Guta umutwe cyangwa kumva ureremba

Ibi bimenyetso akenshi bigenda bigabanuka uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza ubuvuzi. Gufata umuti hamwe n'ibiryo no kuguma wihahira amazi bishobora gufasha kugabanya izi ngaruka.

Abantu bamwe bashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye zikeneye ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga. Nubwo ibi bidakunze kubaho, ni ngombwa kubimenya:

• Urugimbu rukabije cyangwa kuruka bikubuza kurya cyangwa kunywa ibintu
• Ibimenyetso by'ibibazo by'umwijima, nk'uruhu cyangwa amaso y'umuhondo, inkari z'umukara, cyangwa kubabara cyane mu nda
• Gusohoka amaraso cyangwa gukomereka bidasanzwe
• Kubabara umutwe cyane hamwe n'imihindagurikire y'imboni
• Kugorana guhumeka cyangwa kubabara mu gituza
• Uruhu rukabije cyangwa amabara ku ruhu

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikomeye, hamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa ushake ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'ubuvuzi. Gukora ibintu hakiri kare birinda ingorane kandi bigatuma umutekano wawe wizerwa.

Ninde utagomba gufata Pretomanid?

Pretomanid ntabwo ikwiriye kuri buri wese, kandi muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amateka yawe mbere yo kuyandika. Ibyiciro bimwe na bimwe n'ibihe bishobora gutuma uyu muti utakwiriye cyangwa ugasaba ingamba zidasanzwe.

Ntabwo ugomba gufata pretomanid niba ufite allergie izwi ku miti ya nitroimidazole cyangwa ibintu byose bigize ibinini bya pretomanid. Umuganga wawe azaganira ku zindi miti niba ufite izi allergie.

Ibyiciro byinshi by'ubuzima bisaba gusuzumwa neza mbere yo gutangira kuvura pretomanid:

• Indwara ikomeye y'umwijima cyangwa amateka y'ibibazo by'umwijima
• Indwara ikomeye y'impyiko isaba dialysis
• Gusama cyangwa guteganya gusama
• Konsa
• Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 14
• Indwara zikomeye zo mu mutima

Muganga wawe azagereranya inyungu n'ibishobora guteza akaga kubera ibihe byawe byihariye. Bashobora gushimangira gukurikiranwa cyangwa izindi miti niba ufite kimwe muri ibi byiciro.

Amazina ya Pretomanid

Pretomanid iboneka ku izina ry'ubucuruzi rya Pretomanid FGK, ikorwa na FGK Representative Service LLC. Iri ni ryo zina ry'ubucuruzi rikoreshwa cyane mu masoko menshi aho uyu muti wemewe.

Uyu muti ushobora no kwitwa izina rusange ryawo, pretomanid, mu nyandiko z'ubuvuzi no mu impapuro zandikirwa imiti. Farumasi yawe izagusaba izina ry'ubucuruzi ririho mu karere kawe.

Buri gihe jya wemeza na farumasi ko urimo guhabwa umuti ukwiye, kandi ntukavangavange hagati y'ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti utabanje kubiganiraho n'umuganga wawe.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Pretomanid

Niba pretomanid itagukwiriye, hari ubundi buryo bwo kuvura igituntu kirwanya imiti. Muganga wawe azahitamo uburyo bwiza bushingiye ku bwoko bw'igituntu ufite n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima.

Imiti mishya y'igituntu ishobora kuzatekerezwa harimo bedaquiline, delamanid, cyangwa linezolid, akenshi ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye. Iyi miti ikora mu buryo butandukanye ariko ishobora guhangana n'ubwoko bw'igituntu burwanya imiti.

Imiti gakondo y'igituntu ya kabiri nka fluoroquinolones, imiti y'inkingo, cyangwa indi miti yo kunywa nayo ishobora kuba ari amahitamo, bitewe n'uburyo bagiteri yawe y'igituntu irwanya imiti. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizakora igeragezwa ryo kumenya niba imiti ikora neza ku burwayi ufite.

Ese Pretomanid iruta Rifampin?

Pretomanid na rifampin bifite imirimo itandukanye mu kuvura igituntu, bityo ntibiba byiza kuvuga ko imwe iruta indi. Rifampin ni inkingi ya mwamba mu kuvura igituntu gisanzwe, naho pretomanid igenerwa cyane cyane abafite igituntu kirwanya imiti.

Niba igituntu cyawe cyumva rifampini, muganga wawe ashobora guhitamo kuvura ashingiye kuri rifampini kuko byemejwe neza, bikora neza, kandi bifite amakuru y'umutekano amaze imyaka mirongo. Rifampini ikora neza ku gituntu cyumva imiti kandi akenshi niyo ihitamo iyo ikora neza.

Pretomanid iba ihitamo ryiza iyo rifampini n'indi miti isanzwe itagikora cyangwa iyo ufite igituntu kirwanya imiti. Itanga igihe gito cyo kuvurwa kandi irashobora gukora ku bwoko butitabira imiti ishingiye kuri rifampini.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Pretomanid

Ese Pretomanid irakwiriye abantu barwaye diyabete?

Pretomanid muri rusange irashobora gukoreshwa neza ku bantu barwaye diyabete, ariko bisaba gukurikiranwa neza. Uyu muti ntugira ingaruka zigoranye ku kigero cy'isukari mu maraso, ariko indwara y'igituntu ubwayo irashobora gutuma gucunga diyabete bigorana.

Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizakorana nawe bya hafi kugirango bakurikirane uko uvurwa igituntu ndetse n'uko isukari yawe mu maraso igenda. Bashobora gukenera guhindura imiti yawe ya diyabete cyangwa gahunda yo gukurikirana mugihe uri mu kuvurwa na pretomanid.

Nigute nzakora niba mfashe pretomanid nyinshi bitunguranye?

Niba utunguranye ufashe pretomanid nyinshi kuruta uko byategetswe, vugana n'umuganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura uburozi ako kanya. Ntukegere ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bigaragara - inama y'ubuvuzi yihuse ni ingenzi.

Mugihe utegereje ubuyobozi bw'ubuvuzi, irinde gufata indi miti yose kandi ugume unywa amazi menshi. Gira urupapuro rw'imiti yawe kugirango ushobore gutanga amakuru nyayo kubyo wafashe n'ingano yabyo.

Nigute nzakora niba nciweho doze ya pretomanid?

Niba waciweho doze ya pretomanid, yifate ako kanya wibuka, mugihe bitari hafi y'igihe cyo gufata doze yawe itaha. Niba hafi y'igihe cya doze yawe itaha, reka doze waciweho ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe.

Ntugasubire gufata doze ebyiri icyarimwe kugira ngo usimbure doze wasibye, kuko ibyo bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'umuti. Vugana n'umuganga wawe niba usanzwe wibagirwa gufata imiti, ashobora kugufasha gushyiraho ingamba zo gukurikiza gahunda.

Ni ryari nshobora kureka gufata Pretomanid?

Ugomba kureka gufata pretomanid gusa igihe muganga wawe akubwiye ko byemewe, akenshi nyuma yo kurangiza imiti yose y'amezi 6. Kureka gufata imiti mbere y'igihe bishobora gutuma bagiteri ya TB igaruka kandi igashobora kwigirira ubwirinzi.

Itsinda ry'abaganga bazakoresha ibizamini bitandukanye, harimo n'ibizamini by'amacandwe n'ibizamini by'amashusho, kugira ngo bamenye igihe uvuye mu miti. N'iyo wumva umeze neza rwose, komeza gufata umuti kugeza muganga wawe akwemereye ko igihe kigeze cyo guhagarika.

Nshobora kunywa inzoga niba ndimo gufata Pretomanid?

Ni byiza kwirinda inzoga igihe uri gufata pretomanid, kuko umuti n'inzoga byombi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwijima wawe. Kubivanga bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'umwijima.

Niba uhisemo kunywa inzoga rimwe na rimwe, banza ubiganireho n'umuganga wawe. Ashobora kukugira inama ku bijyanye n'urugero rw'inzoga rwemewe kandi ashobora kugusaba gukurikiranwa kenshi imikorere y'umwijima wawe mu gihe uvurwa.