Icyo Tecovirimat ari cyo: Ibyo ikoreshwa, Urutonde rw'imiti, Ingaruka zayo n'ibindi

Tecovirimat ni umuti urwanya virusi wateguwe by'umwihariko kuvura indwara ya smallpox na monkeypox. Nubwo smallpox yaranduranywe ku isi hose, uyu muti ukora nk'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura kandi ubu ukoreshwa mu kurwanya monkeypox iyo izindi miti zitabasha gukora.

Ushobora kuba wibaza kuri uyu muti niba muganga wawe yarawuvuze nk'uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya poxvirus. Reka tunyuremo ibintu byose ukeneye kumenya kuri tecovirimat mu magambo yoroshye kandi asobanutse.

Tecovirimat ni iki?

Tecovirimat ni umuti urwanya virusi wibanda cyane kuri poxviruses nka smallpox na monkeypox. Ikora ibyo ikingira poroteyine izo virusi zikeneye kugirango zikwirakwire kuva mu kiremwa kimwe zijya mu kindi mu mubiri wawe.

Uyu muti wabanje gukorwa nk'uburyo bwo kurwanya smallpox, nubwo iyi ndwara yaranduranywe mu myaka myinshi ishize. Muri iki gihe, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura indwara ya monkeypox, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa bari mu kaga gakomeye ko guhura n'ingorane.

Uyu muti ni mushya ugereranije n'indi miti irwanya virusi, kuko yahawe uburenganzira na FDA mu 2018. Ifatwa nk'ubuvuzi bwihariye busanzwe bubikwa mu bihe byihariye kuruta uko bukoreshwa buri munsi.

Tecovirimat ikoreshwa mu kuvura iki?

Tecovirimat yemerewe kuvura indwara ya smallpox ku bantu bakuru n'abana bapima nibura ibiro 3 (hafi ya 6.6 pounds). Ikoreshwa kandi hanze y'uburenganzira bwo kuvura indwara ya monkeypox, cyane cyane mu bihe byihariye by'akaga gakomeye.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba tecovirimat niba ufite monkeypox kandi ukaba uri muri imwe muri izi nzego: ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butameze neza, utwite, uracyonsa, cyangwa ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye. Uyu muti kandi ushobora kuzirikwa ku bantu bafite indwara z'uruhu nka eczema, kuko bashobora guhura n'ibibazo byinshi.

Mugihe tecovirimat ishobora gukoreshwa mu zindi ndwara ziterwa na poxvirus, ibi bintu ni bike cyane. Abantu benshi barwaye monkeypox bakira batagombye kuvurwa imiti irwanya virusi, bityo iyi miti ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gihe hakenewe ubufasha bwihariye.

Tecovirimat ikora ite?

Tecovirimat ikora yibanda kuri poroteyine yihariye yitwa VP37, virusi ya poxvirus ikeneye kugirango ikwirakwire mu mubiri wawe. Tekereza nk'uko ubuza urufunguzo virusi ikoresha kugirango ifungure imiryango iri hagati y'uturemangingo.

Iyo ufata tecovirimat, birinda virusi kwipakiya neza no kuva mu turemangingo twanduye tujya mu twuzima. Ibi ntibica virusi mu buryo butaziguye, ariko bigabanya cyane ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukwirakwira no guteza ibindi byangiritse.

Uyu muti ufatwa nk'ukomeye ku rugero ruciriritse mu miti irwanya virusi. Yagenewe by'umwihariko virusi ya poxvirus, ibyo bituma yibanda cyane ariko kandi bivuze ko itazakora ku zindi ndwara ziterwa na virusi nka gripu cyangwa ibicurane bisanzwe.

Nkwiriye gufata tecovirimat nte?

Fata tecovirimat nk'uko umuganga wawe abikwandikiye, akenshi kabiri ku munsi hamwe n'ibiryo. Uyu muti ukora neza iyo ufashwe hamwe n'ifunguro ririmo amavuta, kuko ibi bifasha umubiri wawe kuyimira neza.

Ukwiriye gufata doze imwe mu masaha 12, niba ufata doze yawe ya mbere saa 8:00 za mu gitondo hamwe n'ifunguro rya mugitondo, fata doze yawe ya kabiri saa 8:00 z'umugoroba hamwe n'ifunguro rya nimugoroba. Gerageza kurya ikintu gikomeye hamwe na buri doze aho kurya agafunguro gato.

Mimina ibinini byose hamwe n'amazi. Ntugasenye, utahe cyangwa ubyugurure, kuko ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo uyu muti ukora. Niba ugira ikibazo cyo kumira ibinini, ganira n'umuganga wawe kuri izindi nzira.

Komeza gufata uyu muti mu gihe cyose umuganga wawe yakwandikiye, kabone n'iyo utangiye kumva umerewe neza. Guhagarika kare bishobora gutuma virusi yongera gukora.

Mbwiriza gufata tecovirimat igihe kingana iki?

Ubusanzwe, tecovirimat imara iminsi 14, nubwo muganga wawe ashobora kubihindura bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze. Abantu benshi bayifata mu byumweru bibiri gusa, bafata ibinini bibiri buri munsi.

Muganga wawe azagena igihe cyiza bitewe n'ibintu bitandukanye: uko ubwandu bwawe bukomeye, uko umubiri wawe urwanya indwara ukora, n'uko witwara ku miti. Abantu bamwe bashobora gukenera igihe gito, mu gihe abandi bashobora gukenera imiti miremire.

Ntukareke gufata tecovirimat mbere y'igihe, kabone n'iyo ibimenyetso byawe bigenda neza. Indwara ziterwa na poxvirus zirashobora kugorana, kandi guhagarika imiti mbere y'igihe bishobora gutuma ubwandu bugaruka cyangwa bukaba bukomeye.

Ni Iyihe Migaragarire ya Tecovirimat?

Abantu benshi bafata tecovirimat neza, ariko nk'imiti yose, ishobora gutera ingaruka. Inkuru nziza ni uko ingaruka zikomeye zitabaho cyane, kandi abantu benshi bagira ibimenyetso byoroheje gusa niba hari.

Dore ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo mugihe ufata tecovirimat:

• Umutwe
• Isesemi cyangwa kuribwa mu nda
• Urubavu rw'inda
• Kuruka
• Kugira umunaniro cyangwa kumva unaniwe
• Urugero

Ibi bimenyetso mubisanzwe biroroshye kandi akenshi bigenda neza uko umubiri wawe wimenyereza umuti. Gufata umuti hamwe n'ibiryo birashobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka zifitanye isano n'inda.

Ingaruka zitabaho cyane ariko zikomeye zirimo ibimenyetso bikomeye byo kwivumbura ku miti, nubwo ibi bitabaho cyane. Vugana na muganga wawe ako kanya niba ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka, ibibazo bikomeye byo kwivumbura ku ruhu, cyangwa kubyimba mu maso, iminwa, ururimi, cyangwa umuhogo.

Abantu bamwe bashobora guhura n'impinduka mu ngaruka z'ibizamini by'amaraso, cyane cyane bijyanye n'imikorere y'umwijima. Muganga wawe ashobora gukurikirana urwego rwawe niba ufata umuti igihe kirekire.

Ninde Utagomba Gufata Tecovirimat?

Tecovirimat muri rusange ni umuti mwiza ku bantu benshi, ariko hariho ibihe bitari byiza. Muganga wawe azareba neza amateka yawe mbere yo kukwandikira uyu muti.

Ntabwo ukwiye gufata tecovirimat niba urwaye allergie kuri wo cyangwa kuri bimwe mu bigize wo. Bwira muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'allergie wigeze kugira ku miti, cyane cyane niba waragize allergie ikomeye mu gihe gishize.

Abantu barwaye indwara ikomeye y'umwijima bashobora gukenera gukurikiranwa byihariye cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvurwa butandukanye. Uyu muti ukorwa n'umwijima wawe, bityo ibibazo bikomeye by'umwijima bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ukora neza cyangwa bikongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'uyu muti.

Niba utwite cyangwa wonka, muganga wawe azagereranya inyungu n'ibyago bishobora kubaho. Nubwo tecovirimat ishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gutwita ku ndwara zikomeye, iki cyemezo gisaba ko hazirikanwa neza uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze.

Izina ry'ubwoko bwa Tecovirimat

Tecovirimat igurishwa ku izina ry'ubwoko rya TPOXX muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Iri ni ryo zina ry'ubwoko ririho kuri ubu ry'uyu muti, kuko ukorwa n'ikigo kimwe.

Ushobora kubona bivugwa ko ari ST-246 mu bitabo bimwe na bimwe by'ubuvuzi, iryo rikaba ryari izina ryakoreshwaga mu bushakashatsi mbere yo gushyirwa ku isoko. Ariko, iyo ubonye urupapuro rwawe rwo kwandikirwa umuti, ruzaba rwanditsweho TPOXX.

Uyu muti uza mu gipimo cya miligarama 200, kandi kuri ubu nta bwoko bwawo rusange buriho. Ibi bivuze ko inyandiko zose za tecovirimat zizaba zanditsweho izina ry'ubwoko rya TPOXX.

Uburyo bwo gusimbuza Tecovirimat

Kuri ubu, hariho uburyo buke bwo gusimbuza tecovirimat mu kuvura indwara ziterwa na poxvirus. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo gusimbuza ni cidofovir, umuti usanzwe uvura virusi ushobora gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'indwara zikomeye ziterwa na monkeypox.

Cidofovir itangwa mu maraso (binyuze muri IV) kandi bisaba kujyanwa mu bitaro kugira ngo itangwe. Bikunze gutekerezwa iyo tecovirimat itaboneka cyangwa idakwiriye, ariko ifite ingaruka zikomeye kandi bisaba gukurikiranwa neza.

Brincidofovir ni ubundi buryo bushoboka buri gukorwaho ubushakashatsi ku ndwara ziterwa na poxvirus. Ifitanye isano na cidofovir ariko irashobora kunyobwa mu kanwa, nubwo itaraboneka cyane kuri ubu buryo.

Ku bantu benshi barwaye monkeypox, ubufasha butagomba gukoreshwa imiti irwanya virusi akenshi birahagije. Ibi birimo kugabanya ububabare, kwita ku bikomere, no gukurikirana ibibazo.

Ese Tecovirimat iruta Cidofovir?

Tecovirimat muri rusange ifatwa nk'iruta cidofovir ku bantu benshi bakeneye imiti irwanya virusi kubera indwara ziterwa na poxvirus. Inyungu nyamukuru ni uko tecovirimat ishobora kunyobwa mu rugo nk'ibinyobwa byo mu kanwa, mugihe cidofovir isaba kujyanwa mu bitaro kugira ngo itangwe muri IV.

Tecovirimat kandi ifite ingaruka nke zikomeye ugereranije na cidofovir. Cidofovir irashobora gutera kwangirika kw'impyiko n'ibindi bibazo bikomeye, bisaba ibizamini by'amaraso kenshi no gukurikiranwa neza mugihe cy'imiti.

Ariko, cidofovir imaze igihe kinini ikoreshwa kandi ifite amakuru menshi ku mikorere yayo. Mu bihe bikomeye cyane, abaganga bashobora guhitamo cidofovir nubwo ifite inenge, cyane cyane niba umuntu atitabira neza tecovirimat.

Muganga wawe azahitamo uburyo bwiza bushingiye ku miterere yawe, yita ku bintu nk'uko ubwandu bwawe bukomeye, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, niba ushobora gufata imiti yo mu kanwa.

Ibikunze Kubazwa Kuri Tecovirimat

Q1. Ese Tecovirimat irakwiriye ku bagore batwite?

Tecovirimat irashobora gukoreshwa mugihe cyo gutwita iyo inyungu ziruta ibyago, cyane cyane kubera indwara zikomeye ziterwa na poxvirus. Ubushakashatsi ku nyamaswa ntibwerekanye ingaruka mbi ku gutwita, ariko amakuru y'abantu ni make kuko imiti ni mishya.

Niba utwite kandi ufite indwara ya poxvirus, muganga wawe azagereranya neza ibyago by'iyo ndwara n'ibishobora guterwa n'imiti. Indwara zikomeye za poxvirus zirashobora guteza akaga mu gihe cyo gutwita, bityo kuvurwa bikunze gukorwa.

Muganga wawe azakugenzura neza mu gihe uvurwa niba utwite. Umwanzuro wo gukoresha tecovirimat mu gihe cyo gutwita ukorwa buri gihe hashingiwe ku miterere yawe, hakurikijwe ibintu byihariye byawe.

Q2. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nanyweye tecovirimat nyinshi ku buryo butunganye?

Niba unyweye tecovirimat nyinshi ku buryo butunganye kuruta uko byategetswe, vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya ubumara ako kanya. Ntukegere ngo urebe niba urwaye, kuko ni byiza kubona inama ako kanya.

Kunywa tecovirimat nyinshi birashobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti, cyane cyane isesemi, kuruka, no kuribwa mu nda. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, birashobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umwijima wawe, nubwo ibi bishoboka cyane iyo unyweye doze nyinshi cyane.

Igihe uhamagaye kugira ngo ufashwe, teza urupapuro rw'imiti yawe kugira ngo ubabwire neza urugero unyweye n'igihe. Bazakuyobora niba ukeneye ubufasha bwihuse bw'ubuvuzi cyangwa ushobora gukurikiranwa mu rugo.

Q3. Nkwiriye gukora iki niba nirengagije doze ya tecovirimat?

Niba wirengagije doze ya tecovirimat, yinywere ako kanya wibuka, igihe kitaragera ngo unywe indi doze. Niba hashize amasaha arenga 6 uhereye igihe wirengagije doze kandi uri hafi y'igihe cyagenwe cyo kunywa indi doze, reka iyo doze wirengagije ukomeze gahunda yawe isanzwe.

Ntukanywe doze ebyiri icyarimwe kugira ngo usimbure doze wirengagije, kuko ibi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka ziterwa n'iyo miti. Ni byiza gukurikiza gahunda yawe isanzwe kandi ntukongere imiti.

Gerageza gushyiraho ibyibutsa kuri terefone yawe cyangwa ukoreshe umuteguro w'imiti kugira ngo ugufashe kwibuka doze zawe. Kunywa imiti buri gihe ni ngombwa kugira ngo imiti igire urwego rwo hejuru mu mubiri wawe.

Q4. Nshobora guhagarika kunywa tecovirimat ryari?

Ugomba guhagarika gufata tecovirimat gusa igihe muganga wawe abikubwiye, akenshi nyuma yo kurangiza iminsi 14 yose. Ntuhagarike mbere y'igihe kabone n'iyo wumva umeze neza rwose, kuko ibi bishobora gutuma virusi yongera gukora.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba guhagarika imiti mbere y'igihe niba ubonye ingaruka zikomeye cyangwa niba indwara yawe ikize vuba cyane. Ariko, iki cyemezo kigomba gufatwa na muganga wawe, ntabwo ari wowe ubwawe.

Niba ufite ibibazo byo kwihanganira imiti, ganira na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'ibimenyetso byawe aho guhagarika wenyine. Bashobora guhindura uburyo uvurwa cyangwa gutanga ubufasha kugirango bagufashe kurangiza urugendo.

Q5. Nshobora kunywa inzoga nkanwa tecovirimat?

Muri rusange ni byiza kwirinda inzoga mugihe ufata tecovirimat, cyane cyane niba ufite ikibazo cyo mu nda cyangwa isesemi biturutse ku miti. Inzoga irashobora gukomeza izi ngaruka kandi ishobora kubangamira imikoreshereze yawe.

Nubwo nta mikoranire idasanzwe hagati ya tecovirimat n'inzoga, kunywa inzoga birashobora gushyira igitutu gikomeye ku mwijima wawe, umaze gukora imiti. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane niba ufite ibibazo by'umwijima.

Shyira imbaraga mu kuguma wumva neza amazi n'ibindi byo kunywa bitari inzoga mugihe urimo gukira indwara yawe. Umubiri wawe ukeneye ibikoresho byawo byose kugirango urwanye virusi kandi ukire neza.