Vanhu Vangani Vanofa Negripa Gore Negore?

Pakunotanga makosore uye mhino dzichidonha mumatsutso, mubvunzo wakanetsa vanhu vazhinji: Gripa yakakomba zvakadii? Tese takamboinzwa—fivha, kurwadza kwemuviri, uye kuneta kunokundikana kwemavhiki. Asi kune vamwe, ndiyo inopfuura chiitiko chinorwadza. Saka, vanhu vangani vanofa negripa gore negore?

Mhinduro haisi nhamba imwe chete, yakatarwa. Inoshanduka zvakanyanya kubva mwaka mumwe kusvika kune mumwe. MuUnited States chete, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inofungidzira kuti influenza yakakonzeresa pakati pe12,000 kusvika 52,000 kufa gore negore mumakore gumi apfuura. Pasirese, mamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa. World Health Organization (WHO) inoshuma kuti seasonal influenza inotungamira pakuonekwa kwe290,000 kusvika 650,000 kufa kwezvirwere zvekufema gore negore.

Aya haasi nhamba diki. Anosimbisa chokwadi chakakosha: gripa, chirwere chinotapukira chakakomba, uye chinogona kuuraya. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora nhamba idzi, kuongorora kuti sei nhamba idzi dzichisiyana zvakanyanya, uye kukurukura nzira dzinonyatso shanda dzaunogona kuzvidzivirira newawakadziira.

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Kuongorora Nhamba: Kufa Negripa muUS & Pasirose Pagore

Kuti tinzwisise zvizere kukanganisa kwegripa, zvakakosha kutarisa nhamba idzi pamusoro penguva. Nhamba dzegripa dzakafa pagore dzinoratidza nzvimbo inogara ichichinja, nemwaka yakakomba zvakanyanya pane vamwe.

Kufa Negripa Gore Negore muUS

CDC inoteedzera mutoro we influenza muUnited States ichishandisa nzira yekuverenga nhamba dzekuverenga. Izvi zvinopa mufananidzo chaiwo pane kungoverenga chete zviitiko zvakavhenekedzwa. Heino ongororo yenhamba dzegripa dzegore negore muUS dze makore gumi apfuura, izvo zvinoratidza pachena kuchinja kubva mwaka kusvika mwaka.

Mwaka weGripa	Nhamba Dzinofungidzirwa Dzekufa muUnited States
2010–2011	37,000
2011–2012	12,000
2012–2013	43,000
2013–2014	38,000
2014–2015	51,000
2015–2016	23,000
2016–2017	38,000
2017–2018	52,000
2018–2019	28,000
2019–2020	20,000
2021–2022*	5,000

Source: CDC: Past Seasons Estimated Influenza Disease Burden. Cherekedza nhamba yepamusoro nenhoroondo panguva yemwaka wa2020-2021 (hauna kutorwa patafura huru nekuda kwekunge uri nhamba yakasarudzika zvikuru) uye nhamba yakaderera muna 2021-2022, zvikuru zvichitarwa nezviyero zveveruzhinji panguva yeCOVID-19 pandemic.

Sezvaunogona kuona, mwaka wa2017-2018 wanga wakakomba zvikuru, nemhaka yekufungidzira kwevanhu 52,000, apo mwaka wa2011-2012 wanga wakadzikama. Kusiyana uku kwakakosha kwe influenza.

Kuongorora Pasirose Kwekufa Negripa

Patinoitarisa kure, huwandu hwekufa kwegripa pasi rose hunoshamisa. Kufungidzira kweWHO kwe290,000 kusvika 650,000 kufa kunonyanya kusanganisira kufa kwezvirwere zvekufema. Zvisinei, dzimwe tsvagurudzo dzinoratidza kuti nhamba chaiyo inogona kunge yakakwira. Tsvagurudzo yakabudiswa muThe Lancet uye yakaratidzwa neOur World in Data inoratidza kuti patinosanganisa kufa kwemoyo kunokonzerwa ne influenza, nhamba yakazara yekufa kwegripa pasi rose inogona kusvika 700,000 gore negore. Izvi zvinosimbisa kuti gripa inogona kukanganisa muviri wese, kwete kungo mapapu.

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Sei Nhamba Dzekufa Negripa Dzichisiyana Zvakanaka?

Tichitarisa patafura iri pamusoro, unogona kushamisika kuti sei nhamba yekufa ichigona kuva yakapetwa kashanu gore rino kana zvichienzaniswa neimwe. Kusiyana kwakanyanya kwenhamba yekufa kwemwaka we influenza kunofambiswa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvakabatana.

1. Marudzi E-Gripa Ari Kutenderera: Hapana chinonzi "gripa" chimwe chete. Kune marudzi akawanda nezvikamu zvevairasi ve influenza (kunge A/H1N1 neA/H3N2) zvinotenderera gore negore. Mamwe marudzi akaipa kana kuti akakomba pane vamwe. Mwaka une hutongi hwe H3N2 virus, semuenzaniso, wanga uchitariswa nehuwandu hwekurumidza kuenda kuchipatara nekufa, kunyanya pakati pevakwegura (source).

2. Kunyatsoshanda kweMishonga Yekudzivirira (Vaccine Effectiveness): Gore negore, vanoshandisa masayenzi vanogadzira mushonga mutsva wekudzivirira gripa wakagadzirirwa kuenderana nemarudzi avanofungidzira kuti achange ari mazhinji. Dzimwe nguva kusangana kunenge kwakanyanya, uye mushonga wacho unoshanda zvikuru. Mumamwaka amwe, chirwere chinogona "kudzikama" kana kuchinja mushure mekunge mushonga wagadzirwa, zvichidzikisa kushanda kwayo. Kunyange mumamwaka ane kusangana kushoma, mushonga wacho uchiri kupa dziviriro yakakwana kubva pakurwara kwakakomba, kuenda kuchipatara, nekufa (source).

3. Huwandu Hwevaya Vanobayiwa Mishonga Yekudzivirira (Vaccination Rates): Vanhu vakawanda vanobayiwa mushonga, ndipo panodzikira mukana wekuti chirwere chiparadzwe. Kuchengetedzwa kwemugariro uyu (kana "herd immunity") kunobatsira kuchengetedza munhu wese, kusanganisira vanonyanya kutsamira. Paunenge huwandu hwevaya vanobayiwa mushonga hwakakwira, mutoro wakazara wechirwere, kusanganisira kufa, unowanzo kuva wakaderera.

4. Zvipiwa zveUtano Hweruzhinji (The “COVID Effect”): Mwaka wechipiri weGripa wa2020-2021 wanga usati wamboitika, une nhamba dzakaderera kwazvo dzema-cases nekufa. Izvi hazvina kuitika nekuti gripa yakanga yapera; zvakaitika nekuda kwezviyero zveutano hweruzhinji zvakapiwa zveCOVID-19—kunge kusunga kumeso, kuremerana, nekuwacha maoko zvisingamisike—zvaivewo zvinoshanda zvikuru mukumisa gripa (source). Nguva iyi yakaratidza chimwe chinhu chaicho-chocho chekuti maitiro aya anogona kukanganisa kuparadzirwa kwegripa. Izvi zvakare zvakabuditsa kuenzanisa kwakawanda kwegripa vs kufa kweCOVID, zvichisimbisa kuti ese ma viruses ekufema akaoma anogona kuderedzwa nezvipiwa zveutano hweruzhinji zvakafanana.

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Dambudziko rekuyerera: Kufa Negripa Kunoyererwa Sei Chaizvo?

Heino chokwadi chinoshongedza vanhu vazhinji: nhamba dzaunoona dzinowanzoita dzekufungidzira, kwete kuverenga kwakananga. Zvakaoma kuti gwaro rekufa rive ne "influenza" semhaka huru yekufa. Saka, kufa negripa kunoyererwa sei?

Maitiro acho akaoma. Gripa inoshandisa hunyanzvi hwekupfeka zvakasiyana kana zvasvika kune zvinyorwa zviri pamutemo. Inodzikisa dziviriro yemuviri, ichigadzirira nzira kune zvimwe, zvinhu zvinokurumidza kuita kufa. Iri ndiro rakasiyana pakati pekufa nekuda kwegripa nekufa kwakabatana ne gripa.

Funga nezvazvo sa:

* Munhu mukweguru anorwara negripa. * Gripa inopisa mapapu ake zvakanyanya, ichitungamirira kune pneumonia yemabhakitiriya. * Murwere anofa, uye gwaro rekufa rinoti "pneumonia" semhaka yekufa.

Mune imwe nzira, kushungurudzika kwekurwadza kwechirwere che gripa kunogona kutanga kurwisa moyo kana sitiroko munhu ane chirwere chemoyo chekare. Mune zvese zviri zviviri, gripa ndiyo yakava chiitiko chekutanga, asi haizopiwi "chikwereti" pane zvinyorwa zviri pamutemo. Chokwadi, kufa negripa nepneumonia zvinowanzo batanidzwa mumagariro ekufa nekuti hukama hwavo hwakabatana.

Kuti vagadzirise kusashanda kwekuverenga uku, masangano akadai seCDC anoshandisa ma-models emarithmatiki akachenjera. Vanotarisisa "kufa kusingatarisirwi"—nhamba yekufa yakawedzera pamusoro pehuwandu hunotarisirwa panguva yegripa—uye vanozvibatanidza nehuwandu hwekuenda kuchipatara nemhaka dzinovhenekedzwa dze gripa kuti vafungidzire mutoro chaiwo wechirwere (source). Kurongeka uku kunotipa mhinduro chaiyo kumubvunzo, “vanhu vangani vanofa negripa gore negore?”

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Ndiani Anonyanya Kutarisana Nezvinetso Negripa?

Kunyangwe munhu wese achigona kurwara zvakanyanya negripa, chirwere ichi hachisi chinetso chevanhu vese. Mhinduro kumubvunzo wokuti “Gripa Yakakomba Here? Chii Chiyero Chekufa?” inovimba zvikuru nezera remunhu nehutano hwake hwekutanga. Zvikwata zvimwe zvine mukana wakakura wekuvandudza zvinetso zvakakomba sekunetsana, bronchitis, nekutapukirwa kwemapapu, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kuchipatara kana kufa.

Heino rondedzero yevanhu vanonyanya kutsamira nezvinetso negripa:

• Vanhu Vakuru Vanopfuura Makore 65: Immune system inochembera haichapindure zvakasimba pakutapukirwa, ichiita kuti vakwegura vave chikwata chine huwandu hwakakwirira hwekuenda kuchipatara nekufa zvine chokuita negripa.
• Vana Vachiri Pasi pe 5, kunyanya Vacheche Vachiri Pasi pe 6 Mwedzi: Vana vadiki vane immune system isina kukura. Vacheche vanonyanya kutsamira nekuti havana makore ekubayiwa mushonga.
• Vakadzi Vanepamuviri: Kuchinja kwehomoni panguva yekubata pamuviri kunokanganisa immune system, moyo, ne mapapu, zvichiita kuti vakadzi vanepamuviri vanyanye kurwara negripa (source).
• Vanhu Vane Zvirwere Zvekusingaperi: Gripa inogona kuipisisa matambudziko ehutano hwe nguva refu. Izvi zvinosanganisira vanhu vane:
  • Asthma nezvimwe zvirwere zvemapapu zvekusingaperi
  • Zvirwere zveMoyo neSitroke
  • Diabetes
  • Zvirwere zveitsvo kana chiropa
  • Zvirwere zveNervous system
• Vanhu Vane Immune System Yakaderera: Izvi zvinosanganisira vanhu vane HIV/AIDS, varwere vekenza vari kutora chemotherapy, nevanhu vari kutora steroids kwenguva refu kana mishonga inodzikisa immune system.

Kune vanhu ava, kurwara negripa kunogona nekukurumidza kubva pakurwara kunogadziriswa kuita dambudziko rinotyisidzira hupenyu.

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Maitiro Aungaunza Kubatsira Pakudzivisa Kufa Negripa

Nhamba dzinogona kuoma kudzidza, asi chinhu chakanyanya kukosha ndechekuti tine nzira dzakasimba dzekudzivisa kufa negripa. Izvi zviito zvakareruka, zvakasimbiswa zvinokudzivirira iwe, mhuri yako, nevanhu vako.

1. Bayiwa Mishonga Yegripa Gore Negore (Chombo Chekutanga)

Chinhu chimwe chete chakanakisisa chekudzivirira gripa ndechekupiwa mushonga gore negore. Mishonga yekudzivirira gripa yakachengeteka uye inoshanda. Inogadzirira immune system yako kuti ione uye irwise chirwere. Kunyangwe isiri 100% yakazara, kubayiwa kunoita kuti zvinyare kukurwara. Uye kana ukawana chirwere che breakthrough, kurwara kunowanzova kwakadzikama, zvichideredza zvikuru mukana wako wekuenda kuchipatara nekufa (source).

2. Ramba Uchiita Zvakanaka Pautano

Imi lesoni dzatidzidza (kana kudzidza zvakare) panguva ye pandemic:

• Wacha maoko ako nguva dzose nesipo nemvura kana shandisa alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
• Usatarise maziso, mhino, nemuromo wako, nekuti iyi ndiyo nzira huru yekuti hutachiona huise muviri.
• Fukidza makosore ako nezvinwe zvako neserufuko kana ruhono hwako.
• Gara kumba paunenge warwara kuti urege kuparadzira chirwere kune vamwe.

3. Fungamira Mishonga Yekurwisa Virasi

Kana ukakurwara negripa, kunyanya kana uri chikwata chiri pangozi, taura nachiremba wako nekukurumidza. Vanogona kupa mushonga we antiviral wakadai se oseltamivir (Tamiflu). Mishonga iyi inoshanda zvakanaka kana yatanga mukati memaawa 48 kubva pamazuva ako ekutanga—izvo zvinowanzo sanganisira kuonekwa kwekubva kwemafivha, kurwadza kwemuviri, kutonhora, nekuneta. Mishonga yekurwisa virasi inogona kuita kuti chirwere chako chidzikame, chidzikise nguva yaunenge warwara, uye kudzivisa zvinetso zvakakomba.

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Mhedziso: Kutora Gripa Zviri Nguva Dzose

Saka, vanhu vangani vanofa negripa gore negore? Vashoma. Mazana ezviuru pasi rose uye zviuru gumi muUS mumwaka wakajairika. Ndiwo chirwere chakakomba chine kukanganisa kukuru asi kunosiyana zvakanyanya, uye mutoro chaiwo wakaoma kuyera nekuda kwezvinetso zvine chekuita negripa.

Nhamba dzinofanira kusaparadza kutya, asi dzinofanira kupa kuremekedza kune chirwere nekugonesa chiito. Kunyangwe tisingagoni kudzora kuti ndeapi marudzi egripa achange achitenderera mwaka unouya, tinogona kudzora kugadzirira kwedu. Tinoziva ndiani ari pangozi kune zvinetso negripa, uye tine chombo chakachengeteka, chinobatsira chekudzvinyirira.

Usadzorere gripa. Dzivirira iwe nevanhu vako nekupiwa mushonga wekudzivirira gripa gore negore.