Kuongororwa kwekuverenga ropa kwakazara (CBC) kuongororwa kwakajairika uye kwakakosha kunotarisa zvikamu zvakasiyana zve ropa rako. Zvinonyanya kuyera marudzi akasiyana-siyana emasero, kusanganisira masero matsvuku eropa, masero machena eropa, uye maplatelet. Kuongororwa uku kune zvinangwa zvakawanda, sekutarisa hutano hwako hwese uye kuziva mamiriro ezvinhu senge anemia, hutachiona, uye mamwe marudzi ekanser.

Chikamu chimwe chakakosha chekuongororwa kweCBC ndechekuti zvinogona kubatsira kuona zviratidzo zvinogona kunge zviri zveHIV. HIV, kana Human Immunodeficiency Virus, inokanganisa sisitimu yekudzivirira muviri, kunyanya kurwisana nemasero eCD4, akakosha pakurwisa hutachiona. Kunyangwe kuongororwa kweCBC kusina kukwanisa kusimbisa HIV, kunogona kuratidza shanduko dzinogona kuratidza hutachiona. Semuenzaniso, nhamba shoma yemasero machena eropa, kunyanya nhanho yakaderera ye lymphocytes (rudzi rwe masero machena eropa), inogona kuratidza kuti HIV inogona kunge ichikanganisa sisitimu yako yekudzivirira muviri. Uyewo, anemia—inoratidzwa nenhamba yakaderera ye hemoglobin—inogona kuitika kune vanhu vane HIV yakakura.

Kana vanachiremba vachitarisa mhinduro dzeCBC, vanotsvaga izvi zviratidzo kuti vaone kana kuongororwa kwakawanda kuri kudikanwa. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kunyangwe kuongororwa kweCBC kuchipa ruzivo runobatsira, kunofanirwa kushandiswa pamwe chete nemamwe kuongororwa chaiwo eHIV kuti pave nekuongororwa kwakazara.

Kunzwisisa Zvikamu zveKuongororwa kweCBC

Kuongororwa kwekuverenga ropa kwakazara (CBC) kunotarisa zvikamu zvakasiyana zve ropa kuti kuongorore hutano hwese uye kuwana matambudziko. Pazasi pane misoro mikuru iri mukati mekuongororwa kweCBC:

1. Kuverenga KweMasero Matukutu Eropa (RBC)

• Kuyera nhamba yemasero matsvuku eropa, anokwidza oksijeni mumuviri wese.

• Nhamba dzisingawanzoitika dzinogona kuratidza anemia, kuoma kwemvura mumuviri, kana mamwe mamiriro ezvechiremba.

2. Hemoglobin neHematocrit

• Hemoglobin: inoratidza puroteni iri mumaselo matsvuku eropa inotakura oksijeni.

• Hematocrit: Inoyera chikamu chehuwandu hweropa chinotorwa nemasero matsvuku eropa.

• Nhamba dzakaderera dzinoratidza anemia, nepo nhamba dzakakwirira dzinogona kuratidza kuoma kwemvura mumuviri kana polycythemia.

3. Kuverenga KweMasero machena Eropa (WBC)

• Inotarisa nhamba yemasero machena eropa, anorwisa hutachiona.

• Nhamba dzakakwirira dzinogona kuratidza hutachiona, kuzvimba, kana kushushikana; nhamba dzakaderera dzinogona kuratidza kudzvinyirirwa kwekudzivirira muviri.

4. Kuverenga kwePlatelet

• Inoyera maplatelet, akakosha pakugwamba ropa.

• Nhamba shoma dzemaplatelet (thrombocytopenia) inowedzera njodzi yekubuda ropa, nepo nhamba dzakakwirira (thrombocytosis) dzinogona kukonzera matambudziko ekugwamba.

5. Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

• Inotarisa saizi yepamusoro yemasero matsvuku eropa.

• Nhamba dzisingawanzoitika dzeMCV dzinobatsira kusiyanisa marudzi eanemia (semuenzaniso, microcytic kana macrocytic).

6. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) neMean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

• MCH inoratidza huwandu hwepakati hwehemoglobin mune rimwe nerimwe sero rakatsvuka eropa.

• MCHC inoyera huwandu hwehemoglobin iri mukati memasero matsvuku eropa.

• Aya maparamita anobatsira pakuzivisa marudzi chaiwo eanemia.

7. Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

• Inotarisa kusiyana kwesaizi yemasero matsvuku eropa.

• RDW yakakwirira inogona kuratidza kushomeka kwezvinovaka muviri kana matambudziko emusana wemarara.

8. Zviratidzo Zvimwe

• Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC): Inoratidza simba rekudzivirira hutachiona.

• Reticulocyte count: inoyera masero matsvuku eropa asina kukura kuti iongorore basa re bone marrow.

Kuongororwa kweCBC kunopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pehutano hweropa, richitungamira pakuzivisa nekutarisira mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana.

Zviratidzo Zvikuru zveHIV muMhinduro dzeKuongororwa kweCBC

Chiratidzo	Tsananguro	Kukosha kweHIV
Nhamba Yakaderera yeMasero machena Eropa (WBC)	Nhamba yakaderera yeWBC, kunyanya lymphocytes, inoratidza kudzivirira muviri kwakasimba.	Inoratidza kudzvinyirirwa kwekudzivirira muviri kunokonzerwa neHIV.
Nhamba Yakaderera yePlatelet (Thrombocytopenia)	Platelets dzakaderera dzinogona kuwedzera njodzi yekubuda ropa.	Zvakajairika muHIV yakakura nekuda kwekudzivirira muviri kwemusana wemarara kana mamiriro ezvinhu anobatanidzwa.
Hemoglobin Yakaderera (Anemia)	Simba rekutakura oksijeni reropa rakaderera.	Inowanzoonekwa muvarwere vane HIV nekuda kwerongwa rwechirwere, kushomeka kwezvinovaka muviri, kana migumisiro yemishonga.
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Yakakwirira	Kusiyana kukuru kwesaizi yemasero matsvuku eropa.	Inogona kuratidza kushomeka kwezvinovaka muviri, senge vitamin B12 kana folate, zvakajairika muvarwere vane HIV.
Absolute Monocyte Count Yakakwirira	Nhamba yakakwirira yemonocytes.	Inogona kuratidza mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri kune hutachiona husingawanzoitika muHIV.

Kushomeka kweKuongororwa kweCBC muKuzivisa HIV

Kunyangwe kuverenga ropa kwakazara (CBC) kuri chishandiso chinokosha chekuongorora hutano hwese uye basa rekudzivirira muviri, ine kushomeka kana zvasvika pakuzivisa HIV. Pazasi pane kushomeka kukuru:

1. Kushayikwa kweSpecificity yeHIV: Mhinduro dzeCBC dzinogona kuratidza shanduko dzinowanikwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana, kwete HIV chete. Nhamba yakaderera yemasero machena eropa kana anemia, semuenzaniso, inogona kukonzerwa nezvirwere zvakawanda.

2. Kusakwanisa Kuona HIV zvakananga: Kuongororwa kweCBC hakuyere HIV kana kuvapo kwaro mumuviri. Kuzivisa HIV kunoda kuongororwa kwakakosha, senge kuongororwa kweHIV antigen / antibody kana kuongororwa kwePCR, kunotarisa hutachiona kana mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri.

3. Zviratidzo zveDanho rekupedzisira: Shanduko dzeCBC dzine chekuita neHIV (senge nhamba yakaderera yeWBC kana anemia) kazhinji dzinowanikwa mumamiriro ekupedzisira ehhutachiona. HIV yekutanga inogona kusaratidza kusakwana kwakakosha muCBC, zvichigona kukanganisa kuzivisa.

4. Kuita kwemishonga neCo-Infections: Kurapwa kweAntiretroviral (ART) kana mishonga imwe inogona kukanganisa mhinduro dzeCBC. Co-infections nezvirwere zvimwe muvanhu vane HIV zvinogona kukanganisa mhinduro, zvichiita kuti kududzira kuve kwakaoma.

5. Kuongororwa kwakazara kweSisitimu yekudzivirira muviri: CBC inopa ongororo yakazara yehutano hwekudzivirira muviri asi haina kuyera zvakananga shanduko dzeHIV dzine chekuita neHIV, senge nhamba dzeCD4 T-cell. Kuzivisa kwakanyatsojeka kweHIV kunoda kuongororwa kwakanyatsojeka kunoyera huwandu hwehutachiona nenhamba dzeCD4.

Pfupiso

Kuongororwa kwekuverenga ropa kwakazara (CBC) kunopa mazano akakosha pamusoro pehutano hweropa nekutarisa zvikamu senge masero matsvuku eropa, masero machena eropa, uye maplatelet. Mukutaura kweHIV, mhinduro dzeCBC dzinogona kuratidza kudzvinyirirwa kwekudzivirira muviri kuburikidza nezviratidzo senge nhamba yakaderera yemasero machena eropa (kunyanya lymphocytes), anemia, uye thrombocytopenia. Shanduko idzi kazhinji dzinowanikwa mumamiriro ekupedzisira eHIV, zvichiratidza kukanganisa kwehutachiona pabasa rekudzivirira muviri uye basa re bone marrow. RDW yakakwirira nenhamba dzemonocytes inogonawo kuratidza migumisiro yechipiri yeHIV, senge kushomeka kwezvinovaka muviri kana hutachiona husingawanzoitika.

Nekudaro, kuongororwa kweCBC kune kushomeka pakuzivisa HIV. Kushayikwa kwe specificity, sezvo kusakwana senge WBC yakaderera kana anemia zvinogona kubva kumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana asina chekuita neHIV. Uyezve, kuongororwa kweCBC hakuoni hutachiona zvakananga kana kuziva HIV yekutanga, iyo isingaratidzi shanduko dzakakosha. Kuzivisa kwakanyatsojeka kweHIV kunoda kuongororwa kwakakosha, senge antigen / antibody assays kana kuyera huwandu hwehutachiona, kuti usimbe kuvapo kwehutachiona uye kuongorora kukanganisa kwaro pabasa rekudzivirira muviri.