Chii Chinobatsira Peniisirini Muzvipatara? Zvishandiso uye Zvakanaka

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Peniisirini Ndi Mhandoi?

Ngatitangei nezvinhu zvakakosha. Saka, peniisiirini inoshanda sei chaizvoizvo? Peniisiirini haisi mushonga mumwe chete; idzi iboka guru, kana kirasi, yemishonga inouraya mabhakitiriya inobva kune zvipembenene zvinonzi Penicillium. Seimwe yemishonga inouraya mabhakitiriya yerudzi rwe beta-lactam, basa rayo guru nderekurwisa nekuparadza mabhakitiriya ane ngozi mumuviri mako.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekunzwisisa ndechekuti peniisiirini inoshanda chete pakurwisa zvirwere zvemabhakitiriya. Hapana kana basa pamavhairasi. Ndosaka chiremba wako asingakupirei mushonga wekuda kusvoda, chikosoro kana COVID-19, izvo zvese zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi source. Kushandisa mishonga inouraya mabhakitiriya zvisina kufanira kunopa mukana mukuru kune dambudziko rehutano hwepasirese riri kuramba richikura: kupikisa kwemishonga inouraya mabhakitiriya.

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Zvirwere Zvinorapwa Ne Peniisiirini Ndi Zvii?

Peniisiirini nemishonga yakafanana nazvo inopiwa pakurapa zvirwere zvakawanda zvemabhakitiriya, kubva pakuda kusvoda kwemwana kusvika kuzvirwere zvinotyisidzira upenyu. Saka, peniisiirini inorapa zvirwere zvipi?

Vashandi vehutano vanoshandisa mushonga uyu une simba kuuraya mabhakitiriya anokonzera:

• Zvirwere zveMutauro neZvekufema: Ichi chimwe chezvishandiso zvayo zvakajairika.
  • Chikomba chehuro (Strep throat)
  • Tonsillitis
  • Chironda cheshumba (Scarlet fever)
  • Mapfumo (Pneumonia) (dzemhando yemabhakitiriya)
  • Bronchitis (kana ichikonzerwa nemabhakitiriya)
• Zvirwere zveNzeve: Kunyanya zvirwere zvepakati pezeve (otitis media), izvo zvakajairika kuvana.
• Zvirwere Zveganda neZvemuviri Zvisina Kutyisa:
  • Cellulitis (chirwere cheganda chemabhakitiriya chinokonzera tsvuku nekuzvimba)
  • Kurumwa nenyama kana munhu kwakabatwa nezvirwere
  • Mhando dzekuzvimba kweganda dzimwe
• Zvirwere zveMazino:
  • Kuzvimba kwezino
  • Zvirwere zvemitsipa yemuromo (gingivitis)
• Zvirwere Zvedundira (UTIs): Mhando dzekuwana dze peniisiirini, dzakadai se amoxicillin, dzinowanzoshandiswa kurapa UTIs.
• Zvirwere Zvinoparadzana Pabonde (STIs):
  • Syphilis (Peniisiirini ndiyo mushonga mukuru unokurudzirwa neCDC) source
  • Gonorrhea (kunyange kune njodzi yekuti mabhakitiriya ava kuramba)
• Zvirwere Zvakakomba Zvinoparadza Muviri Pose:
  • Meningitis (ye mabhakitiriya)
  • Endocarditis (chirwere chekuzvimba kwemoyo)
  • Chirwere che Lyme
  • Anthrax
  • Zvirwere zveropa (sepsis)

Rudzi rwechokwadi rwe peniisiirini runopiwa ruchave rwakavakirwa pamabhakitiriya chaiko ari kukonzera chirwere.

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Peniisiirini Inoshanda Sei?

Unogona kunge uchibvunza, peniisiirini inoshanda sei pakurwisa nhongonya idzi dze mabhakitiriya? Nzira iyi ingave iri nyaya yekurwa kwemakemikari.

Mabhakitiriya akapoterwa nekamuri rakasimba, rakaomarara rinonzi cell wall. Fungidzira rakaita segobvu rekubuda remabhakitiriya, richipa chimiro uye richiridzivirira kubva kunzvimbo yakavakomberedza. Kamuri iri rinogara richigadziriswa nekugadziriswa kuti ribatsire bhakitiriya kurarama.

Huchenjeri hwe peniisiirini hunowanikwa mukugona kwazvo kuparadza iyi nzira.

1. Kupinda: Peniisiirini painopinda mumuviri mako, inotsvaga nekubatana nemaproteini chaiwo pakamuri remabhakitiriya.
2. Kuparadza: Nekubatanidzwa nemaproteini aya, peniisiirini inodzivisa kugona kwavo kwebatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvinodiwa pakuvaka nekuchengetedza kamuri.
3. Kuparara: Pasina kuchengetedza uku kunoramba kuchiitika, kamuri rinova risina simba uye risina kugadzikana. Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwemukati kwemabhakitiriya kunoita kuti rikwire nekupwanya, maitiro anozivikanwa se lysis.

Chaizvoizvo, peniisiirini inoita kuti mabhakitiriya ezvidzivire kubva mukati nepakati. Maitiro aya anoshanda zvikuru uye ndosaka kunzwisisa kwazvinoita peniisiirini kuchikosha mukutenda simba rayo. Zvakakosha, masero evanhu haana makamuri, ndosaka peniisiirini ichigona kurwisa mabhakitiriya pasina kukuvadza masero edu.

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Mhando Dzakasiyana Dze Peniisiirini

Chiremba paanotaura kuti ari kupa mushonga we “peniisiirini,” anogona kunge achitaura nezvemishonga yakawanda yakafanana. Mhando dze peniisiirini dzakatanga kuwedzera zvakanyanya kubva pakugadzirwa kwaFleming pakutanga kurwisa mabhakitiriya akawanda nekupikisa kupikisa.

Dzinowanzo gadzikwa mumapoka anotevera:

1. Peniisiirini Yechisikigo

Aya ndiwo maumbirwo ekutanga, anotorwa zvakananga kubva kune zvipembenene zvinonzi Penicillium. Achiri anoshanda zvakanaka pakurwisa mabhakitiriya chaiwo akadai se Streptococcus.

• Peniisiirini V: Inotorwa nemuromo (se piritsi kana mvura), inowanzoshandiswa pakurwisa chikomba chehuro nezvirwere zveganda. Nekuti yakasimba mu acidic yemudumbu, Peniisiirini V inoshandiswa pakurapa zvirwere zvakajairika kunze kwezvivako zvekurapa.
• Peniisiirini G: Chimiro ichi hachisikisi mu acidic yemudumbu uye chinofanira kupiwa nekunyorova, zvese intravenously (IV) kana intramuscularly (IM). Peniisiirini G inowanzoshandiswa pakurwisa zvirwere zvakakomba se syphilis ne meningitis apo panodiwa huwandu hukuru hwemushonga nekukurumidza.

2. Aminopenicillins (Yakapararira Zvakawanda)

Boka iri rakagadzirwa kuti rive nesimba pakurwisa mabhakitiriya akawanda kupfuura peniisiirini yechisikigo.

• Amoxicillin: Imwe yemishonga inouraya mabhakitiriya inorayirwa zvikuru pasi rose, kazhinji pakurwisa zvirwere zve nzeve, mapfumo, ne UTIs.
• Ampicillin: Yakafanana ne amoxicillin asi kazhinji isingabatsiri zvakanyanya kana ichitorwa nemuromo.

Saka, chii musiyano mukuru kana zvichitaurwa nezve amoxicillin vs peniisiirini (senge Peniisiirini V)? Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti “ruoko rwekuita.” Amoxicillin inogona kuuraya mabhakitiriya akawanda kupfuura peniisiirini yechisikigo. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo yakakwanisa kana chiremba achida kuva nekuchengetedza kwakawanda. Sarudzo pakati pe amoxicillin vs peniisiirini inovakirwa pamhando yemabhakitiriya inofungirwa kuti ari kukonzera chirwere.

3. Peniisiirini Inopikisa Peniisiiriniase

Mamwe mabhakitiriya, seimwe mhando ye Staphylococcus aureus, akagadzira enzyme inonzi penicillinase inovuraya peniisiirini yechisikigo. Boka iri rakagadzirwa kuti ripikise enzyme iyoyo. Muenzaniso unosanganisira dicloxacillin ne nafcillin, izvo zvinowanzoshandiswa pakurwisa zvirwere zve staph.

4. Peniisiirini Yakawanda Kwazvo

Idzi ndidzo dzine simba zvikuru dzinotaurirwa kurapa zvirwere zvakaoma kurapa, kunyanya izvo zvakawanikwa mukati mechipatara. Piperacillin muenzaniso wakajairika, unoshanda pakurwisa mabhakitiriya akaomarara se Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

5. Peniisiirini Yakavhenganiswa

Kuti urwise mabhakitiriya akagadzira kupikisa, mamwe peniisiirini anobatana ne beta-lactamase inhibitor. Mushonga wechipiri uyu unodzivisa enzymes dzekudzivirira dze mabhakitiriya, zvichibvumira peniisiirini kuita basa rayo.

• Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin): Uyu mushonga unouraya mabhakitiriya wakavhenganiswa wakajairika. Clavulanic acid “inodzedzera” amoxicillin, zvichiita kuti ishande pakurwisa mabhakitiriya akawanda.

Kunzwisisa kwemhando dzakasiyana dze peniisiirini kunobatsira kutsanangura kuti nei chiremba wako achisarudza mushonga mumwe chete pane mumwe kune chirwere chako.

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Migumisiro Yenguva pfupi ye Peniisiirini uye Kunzwa Kusingadiwe

Kunyangwe peniisiirini ichiponesa hupenyu, sezvishandiso zvese, inogona kuva nemigumisiro. Vazhinji vanenge vasina simba uye vachipfuura, asi zvakakosha kuziva zvekutsvaga.

Migumisiro ye peniisiirini yakajairika inosanganisira:

• Matambudziko Emuviri Wose: Kusvotwa, kurutsa, kurwadziwa nedumbu, nekunetswa kwemudumbu ndizvo zvichemo zvakajairika.
• Tsvuku Yeganda Isina Kukuvara: Tsvuku isingakukuvadzi inogona kuzomuka.
• Zvirwere Zve mbiriso: Mishonga inouraya mabhakitiriya inogona kukanganisa huwandu hwe mabhakitiriya nemabhibhi mumuviri, zvichikonzera kusvira kwemuromo kana zvirwere zvemabhibhi nezvinyavada.

Njodzi Dzakakomba: Rini Kudaidza Chiremba Wako

Kunyangwe zvichikwanisika, mamwe emigumisiro akakomba uye anoda rubatsiro rwekurapa nekukasika.

• Chirwere Che Clostridioides difficile (C. diff): Mishonga yose inouraya mabhakitiriya inogona kukonzera iyi chirwere chakakomba che kunetswa kwemudumbu nekuparadza mabhakitiriya akanaka emudumbu. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kunetswa kwemudumbu kwemvura, kurwadziwa kwakanyanya mudumbu, nekufunha source.
• Migumisiro Yakakomba Yeganda: Kunyangwe zvisingakwanisiki, migumisiro yakadai se Stevens-Johnson syndrome inogona kuzomuka.
• Kuzvimba Kwemuviri: Iyi ndiyo migumisiro isingakwanisiki kwazvo, inowanzobatanidzwa nehuwandu hukuru hwemushonga hunopiwa intravenously.

Kunzwisisa Allergy ye Peniisiirini

Njodzi inonyanya kutaurwa nezvayo i allergy ye peniisiirini. Allergy chaiyo ndeyekupindura zvakanyanya kwesimisi yemuviri kune mushonga. Kunyangwe vanhu vazhinji vachiti vane allergy ye peniisiirini, zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti vanopfuura 90% havasisiri allergy chaiyo pavanoedzwa zvakanaka source. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti zvinogona kutungamira pakushandisa mishonga isingashande kana inodhura.

Zviratidzo zve allergy ye peniisiirini zvaunofanira kutsvaga zvinosanganisira:

• Hives (nzvimbo dzakatsvuka, dzaka-pukuzika)
• Tsvuku yeganda
• Kukwadziwa
• Kuzvimba kwechiso, miromo, rurimi, kana huro
• Kukweshana kana kunetswa kufema

Mhedzisiro yakakomba kwazvo ye allergy ndeye anaphylaxis, njodzi inotyisidzira upenyu. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kudonha kwechokwadi kwe BP, kunetswa kufema, nekurasikirwa nehumwari. Kana uchiona zviratidzo zve anaphylaxis, daidza 911 nekukurumidza.

Kana uchitenda kuti une allergy ye peniisiirini, taura nachiremba wako kana chiremba weallergies. Vangakwanisa kuita bvunzo yeganda kuti vasimbise kana zvichibvira kuti ushandise boka iri remishonga mune ramangwana. Kuziva chaiwo mamiriro e allergy yako chinhu chakakosha che ruzivo rwehutano hwako.

Rini Chiremba Anopa Peniisiirini Pane Dzimwe Mhando Dze Mishonga Inouraya Mabhakitiriya?

Chiremba anopa peniisiirini kana zvirwere zvikakonzerwa nemabhakitiriya anonzwa ne peniisiirini, se chikomba chehuro, syphilis, kana mamwe magodo eganda nemazino. Inosarudzwa nekuda kwekusimba kwayo, ruoko rwakadzika, mutengo wakaderera, nekugona kwayo kusingakuvadzi kana kupikisa kana allergy zvisiri dambudziko.

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Basa Rakakosha Rekudzivirira Kupikisa Kwemishonga Inouraya Mabhakitiriya

Imwe yenjodzi huru kune hutano hwepasirese nhasi ndeye kupikisa kwemishonga inouraya mabhakitiriya. Izvi zvinoitika kana mabhakitiriya achigadzirisa nekugadzira zvombo zvekuzvidzivirira kubva kune mishonga yakagadzirirwa kuuraya, zvichiita kuti zvirwere zviome kurapa.

Nguva imwe neimwe yatinoshandisa mushonga unouraya mabhakitiriya, tinopa mabhakitiriya mukana wekugadzirisa. Ndosaka zvakakosha zvikuru kuti uzvishandise nemazvo. Unogona kubatsira kurwisa kupikisa kwemishonga inouraya mabhakitiriya nekutevera aya akapfava asi anoshanda zvakanaka:

1. Tora Peniisiirini Sekurayirwa Kwakaitwa: Usachinje dose kana kumira kuishandisa usati wabvunza chiremba wako.
2. Pedza Kosi Yese: Kunyangwe kana uchitanga kunzwa zvirinani mushure memazuva mashoma, mamwe emabhakitiriya akasimba anogona kunge achiri mupenyu. Kumisa mushonga wako nekukurumidza kunoita kuti akwanise kurarama, kuwanda, uye nekwanisa kugadzira kupikisa.
3. Usambofa Wakashandisa Peniisiirini Yauchishandisa Kare: Usachengeta peniisiirini pakuroora nguva inotevera paunorwara. Chirwere chimwe nechimwe chinoda kuongororwa kwakatariswa nekutaurirwa kwakatariswa.
4. Usamanikidze Chiremba Wako Kuti Akupe Mishonga Inouraya Mabhakitiriya: Kuvimba nekutonga kwevashandi vehutano vako. Kana vachiti chirwere chako chironda, mushonga unouraya mabhakitiriya haukubatsiri uye unogona kusimbisa kupikisa.

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Mudiwa Wako Muhutano

Kubva pachikomba chehuro chakapfava kusvika kuchirwere che meningitis chinotyisidzira upenyu, mhinduro kumubvunzo wokuti “peniisiirini inoshandiswa pakunyei?” yakakura uye yakasiyana. Boka iri remishonga inouraya mabhakitiriya rakaponesa hupenyu husingaverengeki uye richiri chiridzwa chakakosha mukurwisa kwedu nezvirwere zvemabhakitiriya.

Nekunzwisisa kuti ish, zvipi zvirwere zvinorapa, nezvipi njodzi dzayo, unogona kuva murwere anoziva uye akagoneswa. Nguva dzose taura zvakajeka nachiremba wako nezve nhoroondo yako yekurapa, kunyanya allergy ipi neipi inofungirwa, uye tevera mirairo yavo zvakanaka. Pamwe chete, mungaita kuti mushonga uyu unoshamisa urambe uchishanda anoshamisa kune zvizvarwa zvichauya.