Health Library

Acne

Pfupiso

Acne chirwere che ganda rinowanikwa kana maburi eganda ako azadzwa nemafuta nemasero eganda akafa. Rinoita kuti pave nemaronda machena, matema kana mahombekombe. Acne inowanzowanikwa pakati pevechidiki, kunyangwe ichikanganisa vanhu vemazera ese. Kurapwa kwakakosha kwe acne kuripo, asi acne inogona kuramba iripo. Maronda nemahombekombe anorapa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kana rimwe richitanga kupera, mamwe anoita kunge ari kuoneka. Zvichienderana nehukuru hwayo, acne inogona kukonzera kuora mwoyo uye kukuvadza ganda. Kana ukatanga kurapwa pakutanga, njodzi yematambudziko akadaro inodzikira.

Zviratidzo

Zviratidzo zveAcne zvinosiyana zvichienderana nekuoma kwezvinetso zvako: Whiteheads (ma pores akavharwa) Blackheads (ma pores akavhurwa) Mabumps madiki matsvuku, anorwadza (papules) Pimples (pustules), idzi papules dzine tsvina pamatombo avo Mabhuku makuru, akasimba, anorwadza pasi peganda (nodules) Mabhuku anorwadza, azere nepus pasi peganda (cystic lesions) Acne kazhinji inooneka pachiso, pakati pevhudzi, pachipfuva, kumusoro kwemusana nemapafudzi. Kana mishonga yekuzvichengeta isingacheneseri acne yako, ona chiremba wako mukuru. Anogona kunyora mishonga ine simba. Kana acne ikaramba iripo kana yakakomba, unogona kuda kutsvaga kurapwa kwemishonga kubva kuchiremba anoziva ganda (dermatologist kana pediatric dermatologist). Kune vakadzi vazhinji, acne inogona kuramba kwenguva yakareba, ine flares kazhinji vhiki usati watanga kumwedzi. Rudzi urwu rwe acne runowanzojeka pasina kurapwa muvakadzi vanoshandisa contraceptives. Mukuru, kutanga kamwe kamwe kwe acne yakakomba kunogona kuratidza chirwere chinoda kurapwa kwemishonga. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inonyevera kuti mamwe marashi e acne asinganyorwi, machenesa nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zve ganda zvinogona kukonzera kuita kwakasimba. Rudzi urwu rwekuita rwunonyanya kushayikwa, saka usapfurikidza nekutsvuka, kutsamwa kana kukwenya kunoitika munzvimbo dzawakashandisa mishonga kana zvigadzirwa. Tsvaga rubatsiro rwekukurumidzira kana mushure mekushandisa chigadzirwa che ganda iwe uchiona: Kupera simba Kunetseka kufema Kuwedzera kwemaziso, chiso, miromo kana rurimi Kuomarara kwehwamanda

Nguva yekunoona chiremba

Kana mishonga yekuzvibatsira isingachengeti acne yako, ona chiremba wako mukuru. Iye anogona kunyora mishonga ine simba. Kana acne ikaramba iripo kana iri yakakomba, ungada kutsvaka kurapwa kwemishonga kubva kuchiremba anoziva nezve ganda (dermatologist kana pediatric dermatologist). Kune vakadzi vazhinji, acne inogona kuramba iripo kwemakumi emakore, nekuvava kuri kazhinji vhiki rimwe chete usati watanga kuenda kumwedzi. Rudzi urwu rwe acne runowanzojeka pasina kurapwa muvakadzi vanoshandisa zvinodzivisa mimba. Mukuru, kutanga kamwe kamwe kwe acne yakakomba kunogona kuratidza chirwere chiripo chinoda hanya yekurapa. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inonyevera kuti mamwe marashi eacne asina kunyorwa, ma cleansers nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zve ganda zvinogona kukonzera kuita kwakashata. Rudzi urwu rwekuita kwakashata rwunonyanya kushomeka, saka usavhiringidze nekuvava, kutsamwa kana kukwenya kunoitika munzvimbo dzawakashandisa mishonga kana zvigadzirwa. Tsvaka rubatsiro rwekurapa nekukurumidza kana mushure mekushandisa chigadzirwa cheganda iwe uchiona:

Kushaya simba
Kunetseka kufema
Kuchema kwemaziso, chiso, miromo kana rurimi
Kuomarara kwemutsipa

Zvinokonzera

Acne inoitika kana sebum — chinhu chine mafuta chinoita kuti bvudzi ne ganda rive mafuta — nemasero eganda akafa zvichivhara follicles yebvudzi. Mabhakitiriya anogona kutanga kuzvimba nehutachiona zvichiguma neacne yakakomba.

Zvinhu zvina zvikuru zvinokonzera acne:

Kuwanda kwemafuta (sebum) kugadzirwa
Follicles yebvudzi yakavharwa nemafuta nemasero eganda akafa
Mabhakitiriya
Kunetseka

Acne kazhinji inoonekwa pachiso chako, pakati pemahombekombe, pachipfuva, kumusana kwepamusoro nemapafudzi nekuti nzvimbo idzi dze ganda dzine mazamu akawanda (sebaceous) maglands. Follicles yebvudzi inobatanidzwa nemaglands emafuta.

Madziro e follicle anogona kuzvimba uye kugadzira whitehead. Kana kuti plug inogona kuvhurwa kune pamusoro uye kuita rima, zvichikonzera blackhead. Blackhead inogona kutaridzika kunge tsvina yakabatana mu pores. Asi chaizvoizvo pore yakazara nemabhakitiriya nemafuta, anochinja kuita brown kana asangana nemhepo.

Pimples mavara matsvuku akakwirira ane pakati pechena anokura kana follicles yebvudzi yakavharwa ikava yakazvimba kana kuzara mabhakitiriya. Kuvhara nekuzvimba mukati me follicles yebvudzi kunogadzira zvidumbu zvakaita se cyst pasi peganda rako. Mamwe ma pores ari muganda rako, ayo ndiwo mavhura emaglands ekuzora, kazhinji haabatanidzwi ne acne.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kutanga kana kuipa acne:

Kuchinja kwehomoni. Androgens mahomoni anoita kuti arambe aripo muvakomana nevasikana panguva yekukura uye anoita kuti sebaceous glands ikure uye iite sebum yakawanda. Kuchinja kwehomoni panguva yepakati pehupenyu, kunyanya muvakadzi, kunogona kutungamirawo pakuputika.
Mishonga yakati wandei. Mienzaniso inosanganisira mishonga ine corticosteroids, testosterone kana lithium.
Kudya. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kudya zvimwe zvekudya — kusanganisira zvekudya zvine carbohydrate yakawanda, senge chingwa, bagels nemachipsi — zvinogona kuipa acne. Kutsvagisa kuri kudiwa kuti uone kana vanhu vane acne vaizowana rubatsiro nekutevera zvirambidzo zvechikafu.
Kunetseka. Kunetseka hakukonzere acne, asi kana iwe uchitova ne acne, kunetseka kunogona kuipisisa.

Zvinhu izvi hazvina kukanganisa acne:

Chocolate nezvekudya zvine mafuta. Kudya chocolate kana chikafu chine mafuta hakuna kukanganisa acne.
Kutsvaira. Acne haikonzwerwi neganda rakasviba. Chaizvoizvo, kushambidza ganda zvakanyanya kana kuchenesa nema soaps kana makemikari anokuvadza ganda uye anogona kuipisa acne.
Zvishongo. Zvishongo hazvikuvadzi acne, kunyanya kana uchishandisa makeup isina mafuta iyo isingavhari pores (noncomedogenics) uye kubvisa makeup nguva dzose. Zvishongo zvisina mafuta hazvikuvadzi kushanda kwemishonga ye acne.

Zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi

Zvinokonzera acne zvinosanganisira:

Age. Vanhu vemazera ese vanogona kuwana acne, asi inowanzoitika kuvechidiki.
Kushanduka kwehomoni. Kushanduka kwakadaro kunoitika panguva yekukura kana nepamuviri.
Nhoroondo yemhuri. Genetics inotamba basa mu acne. Kana vabereki vako vese vaiva ne acne, unokwanisawo kuwanawo.
Zvinhu zvine mafuta kana mafuta zvakanyanya. Ungawana acne uko ganda rako rinobatanidzwa nemafuta kana mafuta lotions nemakrimu.

Matambudziko

Vanhu vane ganda rakaoma vane mukana mukuru wekuwana matambudziko aya ekushaya ganda kupfuura vanhu vane ganda rakajeka:

Matope. Ganda rakapfava (mavara ekushaya ganda) uye mavara akakura (keloids) anogona kuramba aripo kwenguva refu mushure mekunge kushaya ganda kwapora.
Kushanduka kwe ganda. Mushure mekunge kushaya ganda kwabuda, ganda rakabatwa rinogona kuva rima (hyperpigmented) kana kujeka (hypopigmented) kupfuura usati wawana chirwere ichi.

Kurapa

Kana wakamboedza mishonga yekurapa ganda rinorwadza inowanikwa pasina chinyorwa chechiremba kwemavhiki akawanda uye haina kubatsira, bvunza chiremba wako nezve mishonga ine simba inoda chinyorwa chechiremba. Chiremba wezviganda anogona kukubatsira kuti:

Udzore ganda rako rinorwadza
Udzivise kukuvara kana kukuvara kweganda rako
Ita kuti mavara ave asingaoneki Mishonga yekurapa ganda rinorwadza inoshanda nekuderedza kugadzirwa kwemafuta uye kuzvimba kana kurapa hutachiona hwebhakitiriya. Nemishonga yakawanda yekurapa ganda rinorwadza inoda chinyorwa chechiremba, ungasawona mhinduro kwemavhiki mana kusvika masere. Zvinogona kutora mwedzi yakawanda kana makore kuti ganda rako rinorwadza riporeswe zvachose. Marapirwo achakurudzirwa nachiremba wako anotsamira pazera rako, rudzi uye kuomarara kwemhando yeganda rako rinorwadza, uye zvaunoda kuita. Semuenzaniso, ungada kusuka uye kushandisa mishonga paganda rakaoma kaviri pazuva kwemavhiki akawanda. Mishonga inoshandiswa paganda uye mishonga yaunonwa (mishonga inonwa) kazhinji inoshandiswa pamwe chete. Sarudzo dzekurapa vakadzi vane pamuviri dzinoganhurirwa nekuda kwenjodzi yemhedzisiro. Taura nachiremba wako nezvenjodzi uye mabhenefiti emishonga nemamwe marapirwo auri kufunga nezvawo. Uye ita misangano yekutevera nachiremba wako mwedzi mitatu kusvika mitanhatu kusvika ganda rako rapora. Mishonga inowanzo shandiswa paganda inoda chinyorwa chechiremba yekurapa ganda rinorwadza ndeyekuti:
Retinoids nemishonga yakafanana ne retinoids. Mishonga ine retinoic acids kana tretinoin kazhinji inobatsira pakurapa ganda rinorwadza rakaoma. Idzi dzinouya sechirapa, jeli uye lotions. Mienzaniso inosanganisira tretinoin (Avita, Retin-A, nezvimwewo), adapalene (Differin) uye tazarotene (Tazorac, Avage, nezvimwewo). Unoshandisa mushonga uyu manheru, uchitanga katatu pavhiki, wobva wazoshandisa zuva nezuva sezvo ganda rako richishandiswa nazvo. Inodzivirira kuvhara kwema follicle ehuremu. Usashandise tretinoin panguva imwe chete ne benzoyl peroxide. Retinoids inoshandiswa paganda inowedzera kunzwa kwezuva kweganda rako. Inogona zvakare kukonzera ganda rakaoma uye kuzvimba, kunyanya kune vanhu vane ganda rebhuruu kana dema. Adapalene inogona kushikwa zviri nani.
Antibiotics. Idzi dzinobata nekuuraya mabhakitiriya akawanda eganda uye kuderedza kuzvimba uye kuzvimba. Kwemavhiki mashomanana ekutanga ekurapa, unogona kushandisa zvose retinoid uye antibiotic, ne antibiotic ichishandiswa mangwanani uye retinoid manheru. Antibiotics kazhinji inosanganiswa ne benzoyl peroxide kuderedza mukana wekuvandudza kuramba kwemishonga. Mienzaniso inosanganisira clindamycin ine benzoyl peroxide (Benzaclin, Duac, nezvimwewo) uye erythromycin ine benzoyl peroxide (Benzamycin). Antibiotics inoshandiswa paganda chete haina kukurudzirwa.
Azelaic acid uye salicylic acid. Azelaic acid ndiyo asidhi inowanikwa zvakasikwa inogadzirwa nehutachiona. Ine zvinhu zvinorwisa mabhakitiriya. Cream kana gel ye azelaic acid ye 20% inoita kunge inoshanda sezvakawanda zvekurapa ganda rinorwadza kana ikashandiswa kaviri pazuva. Azelaic acid inoda chinyorwa chechiremba (Azelex, Finacea) sarudzo panguva yepamuviri uye panguva yekuyamwisa. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa kudzora kusimba kunouya nemhando dzakati dze ganda rinorwadza. Mhedzisiro inosanganisira kuzvimba kweganda uye kunetseka kwakaderera kweganda. Salicylic acid inogona kubatsira kudzivirira kuvhara kwema follicle ehuremu uye inowanikwa sezvose zvinosuka uye zvinosara zvigadzirwa. Ongororo dzinoita kuti ive nesimba dzakaganhurirwa. Mhedzisiro inosanganisira kusimba kweganda uye kunetseka kwakaderera kweganda.
Dapsone. Dapsone (Aczone) 5% gel kaviri pazuva inokurudzirwa pakurapa ganda rinorwadza rinopisa, kunyanya muvakadzi vane ganda rinorwadza. Mhedzisiro inosanganisira kuzvimba uye kuoma. Retinoids nemishonga yakafanana ne retinoids. Mishonga ine retinoic acids kana tretinoin kazhinji inobatsira pakurapa ganda rinorwadza rakaoma. Idzi dzinouya sechirapa, jeli uye lotions. Mienzaniso inosanganisira tretinoin (Avita, Retin-A, nezvimwewo), adapalene (Differin) uye tazarotene (Tazorac, Avage, nezvimwewo). Unoshandisa mushonga uyu manheru, uchitanga katatu pavhiki, wobva wazoshandisa zuva nezuva sezvo ganda rako richishandiswa nazvo. Inodzivirira kuvhara kwema follicle ehuremu. Usashandise tretinoin panguva imwe chete ne benzoyl peroxide. Retinoids inoshandiswa paganda inowedzera kunzwa kwezuva kweganda rako. Inogona zvakare kukonzera ganda rakaoma uye kuzvimba, kunyanya kune vanhu vane ganda rebhuruu kana dema. Adapalene inogona kushikwa zviri nani. Azelaic acid uye salicylic acid. Azelaic acid ndiyo asidhi inowanikwa zvakasikwa inogadzirwa nehutachiona. Ine zvinhu zvinorwisa mabhakitiriya. Cream kana gel ye azelaic acid ye 20% inoita kunge inoshanda sezvakawanda zvekurapa ganda rinorwadza kana ikashandiswa kaviri pazuva. Azelaic acid inoda chinyorwa chechiremba (Azelex, Finacea) sarudzo panguva yepamuviri uye panguva yekuyamwisa. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa kudzora kusimba kunouya nemhando dzakati dze ganda rinorwadza. Mhedzisiro inosanganisira kuzvimba kweganda uye kunetseka kwakaderera kweganda. Salicylic acid inogona kubatsira kudzivirira kuvhara kwema follicle ehuremu uye inowanikwa sezvose zvinosuka uye zvinosara zvigadzirwa. Ongororo dzinoita kuti ive nesimba dzakaganhurirwa. Mhedzisiro inosanganisira kusimba kweganda uye kunetseka kwakaderera kweganda. Uchapupu hausi simba mukutsigira kushandiswa kwe zinc, sulfur, nicotinamide, resorcinol, sulfacetamide sodium kana aluminum chloride mukurapa ganda rinorwadza.
Antibiotics. Kune ganda rinorwadza rakaoma kusvika rakaomarara, ungada antibiotics inonwa kuderedza mabhakitiriya. Kazhinji sarudzo yekutanga yekurapa ganda rinorwadza ndeye tetracycline (minocycline, doxycycline) kana macrolide (erythromycin, azithromycin). Macrolide inogona kunge iri sarudzo kune vanhu vanogona kutora tetracyclines, kusanganisira vakadzi vane pamuviri nevana vane makore mashoma ekuma8. Antibiotics inonwa inofanira kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi sezvinobvira kudzivirira kuramba kwemishonga. Uye inofanira kusanganiswa nemimwe mishonga, senge benzoyl peroxide, kuderedza njodzi yekuvandudza kuramba kwemishonga. Mhedzisiro yakakomba kubva pakushandiswa kwe antibiotics kurapa ganda rinorwadza haina kujairika. Mishonga iyi inowedzera kunzwa kwezuva kweganda rako.
Combined oral contraceptives. Zvinhu zvina zvinosanganisira mishonga inonwa inobvumirwa neFDA yekurapa ganda rinorwadza muvakadzi vanodawo kuishandisa sekuzvidzivirira. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisa progestin uye estrogen (Ortho Tri-Cyclen 21, Yaz, nezvimwewo). Ungasawona rubatsiro rwekurapa uku kwemwedzi mishoma, saka kushandisa mimwe mishonga yekurapa ganda rinorwadza nayo kwemavhiki mashomanana ekutanga kunogona kubatsira. Mhedzisiro inowanzoitika yemishonga inosanganisira inonwa ndeyekuwanda kwekuwanda, kuzvimba kwemukaka uye kurutsa. Mishonga iyi inobatanidzwawo nenjodzi yakawedzera yematambudziko emwoyo, kenza yemukaka uye kenza ye cervix.
Anti-androgen agents. Mushonga spironolactone (Aldactone) unogona kufungwa kune vakadzi nevasikana vechidiki kana antibiotics inonwa isina kubatsira. Inoshanda nekudzivirira mhedzisiro ye androgen hormones pane maganda anogadzira mafuta. Mhedzisiro inogona kuitika inosanganisira kuzvimba kwemukaka uye nguva dzokuvhunduka. Antibiotics. Kune ganda rinorwadza rakaoma kusvika rakaomarara, ungada antibiotics inonwa kuderedza mabhakitiriya. Kazhinji sarudzo yekutanga yekurapa ganda rinorwadza ndeye tetracycline (minocycline, doxycycline) kana macrolide (erythromycin, azithromycin). Macrolide inogona kunge iri sarudzo kune vanhu vanogona kutora tetracyclines, kusanganisira vakadzi vane pamuviri nevana vane makore mashoma ekuma8. Antibiotics inonwa inofanira kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi sezvinobvira kudzivirira kuramba kwemishonga. Uye inofanira kusanganiswa nemimwe mishonga, senge benzoyl peroxide, kuderedza njodzi yekuvandudza kuramba kwemishonga. Mhedzisiro yakakomba kubva pakushandiswa kwe antibiotics kurapa ganda rinorwadza haina kujairika. Mishonga iyi inowedzera kunzwa kwezuva kweganda rako. Combined oral contraceptives. Zvinhu zvina zvinosanganisira mishonga inonwa inobvumirwa neFDA yekurapa ganda rinorwadza muvakadzi vanodawo kuishandisa sekuzvidzivirira. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisa progestin uye estrogen (Ortho Tri-Cyclen 21, Yaz, nezvimwewo). Ungasawona rubatsiro rwekurapa uku kwemwedzi mishoma, saka kushandisa mimwe mishonga yekurapa ganda rinorwadza nayo kwemavhiki mashomanana ekutanga kunogona kubatsira. Mhedzisiro inowanzoitika yemishonga inosanganisira inonwa ndeyekuwanda kwekuwanda, kuzvimba kwemukaka uye kurutsa. Mishonga iyi inobatanidzwawo nenjodzi yakawedzera yematambudziko emwoyo, kenza yemukaka uye kenza ye cervix. Isotretinoin. Isotretinoin (Amnesteem, Claravis, nezvimwewo) chigadzirwa che vitamin A. Inogona kunyorwa kune vanhu vane ganda rinorwadza rakaoma kana rakaomarara risina kupindura kune mamwe marapirwo. Kune vamwe vanhu, marapirwo anotevera anogona kubatsira, ari oga kana pamwe chete nemishonga.
Kurapa kwechiedza. Marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekurapa kwechiedza akaedzwa nekubudirira kwakati. Kazhinji zvichada kushanya kakawanda kuhofisi yechiremba wako. Ongororo yakawanda inodiwa kuti ione nzira yakanakisa, sosi yechiedza uye chiyero.
Chemical peel. Maitiro aya anoshandisa kushandiswa kwakawanda kwechigadzirwa chemakemikari, senge salicylic acid, glycolic acid kana retinoic acid. Kurapa uku kuri kune ganda rinorwadza rakapfava. Zvinogona kuvandudza chitarisiko cheganda, kunyangwe shanduko iyi isiri refu uye kurapwa kwakawanda kazhinji kunodiwa.
Drainage uye extraction. Chiremba wako anogona kushandisa zvinhu zvakakosha kubvisa zvinyoro nyoro ma whiteheads nema blackheads (comedos) kana cysts dzisina kupera nemishonga inoshandiswa paganda. Iyi nzira inovandudza chitarisiko cheganda rako nekukurumidza, asi inogona zvakare kukonzera kukuvara.
Steroid injection. Zvirwere zve nodular uye cystic zvinogona kurapwa nekudurura mushonga we steroid mauri. Kurapa uku kwakaguma nekuvandudza nekukurumidza uye kuderedza marwadzo. Mhedzisiro inogona kusanganisira ganda rakapfava uye kusimba munzvimbo yakarapwa. Ongororo dzakawanda dzemishonga yekurapa ganda rinorwadza dzakabatanidza vanhu vane makore gumi nemaviri ekuberekwa kana kupfuura. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vana vaduku vari kuwana ganda rinorwadza zvakare. FDA yakawedzera nhamba yemigadzirwa inoshandiswa paganda inobvumirwa kushandiswa muvana. Uye mazano kubva kuAmerican Academy of Dermatology anoratidza kuti benzoyl peroxide, adapalene uye tretinoin inoshandiswa paganda muvana vasati vasvika pazera rekuyaruka inoshanda uye haikonzere njodzi yakawedzera yemhedzisiro. Kana mwana wako ane ganda rinorwadza, funga kubvunza chiremba wezviganda zvevana. Bvunza nezvemishonga yekudzivirira muvana, zviyero zvakakodzera, kusanganiswa kwemishonga, mhedzisiro, uye kuti kurapa kunogona kukanganisa sei kukura kwemwana uye kukura. link yekubvisa kunyorero mu email. Mamwe marapirwo ekurapa ane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana anogona kubatsira kuderedza ganda rinorwadza:
Tea tree oil. Gels ine angangoita 5% tea tree oil inogona kunge yakakosha se lotions ine 5% benzoyl peroxide, kunyangwe tea tree oil inogona kushanda zvishoma nezvishoma. Mhedzisiro inogona kuitika inosanganisira kukwenya kwakaderera, kupisa, kuzvimba uye kuoma, izvo zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo yakaipa kune vanhu vane rosacea.
Brewer's yeast. Rudzi rwe brewer's yeast rinonzi Hansen CBS rinoita kunge rinobatsira kuderedza ganda rinorwadza kana rakanwiwa. Inogona kukonzera gasi (flatulence). Ongororo yakawanda inodiwa kuti ione kukosha uye kuchengetedzeka kwenguva refu kweizvi nemamwe marapirwo akasiyana-siyana, senge biofeedback uye ayurvedic compounds. Taura nachiremba wako nezve zvakanaka nezvakaipa zve kurapa kwakakosha usati waedza.

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