Acute Coronary Syndrome

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) izwi rinotsanangura mamiriro akawanda ane chekuita nekudzikira kwenguva pfupi kweropa kuenda kumoyo. Aya mamiriro anosanganisira kurwara kwemoyo nekutanga kwenguva pfupi kwe angina. Kurwara kwemoyo kunoitika kana kufa kwemasero kukuvadza kana kuparadza tishu yemoyo. Kurwara kwemoyo kunonziwo myocardial infarction. Angina isinganzwisisiki inoitika kana ropa rinofambira mwoyo richidzikira. Haisi yakakomba zvakakwana kukonzera kufa kwemasero kana kurwara kwemoyo. Asi kudzikira kweropa kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yekurwara kwemoyo. Acute coronary syndrome kazhinji inokonzera kurwadziwa kwakasimba pabvudzi kana kusagadzikana. I emergency yezvokurapa inoda kurapwa nekukurumidza. Zvinangwa zvekurapa zvinosanganisira kuvandudza kuyerera kweropa, kurapa matambudziko uye kudzivirira matambudziko ramangwana.

Zviratidzo zve acute coronary syndrome kazhinji zvinovamba kamwe kamwe. Zvinosanganisira: Kurwadziwa kwepfupa kana kusagadzikana. Izvi kazhinji zvinorondedzerwa sekuchema, kumanikidza, kuoma kana kupisa. Kurwadziwa kwepfupa kunonziwo angina. Kurwadziwa kunotanga papfupa wozobva kwazopararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Nzvimbo idzi dzinosanganisira mapendekete, maoko, nzvimbo yepamuviri yepamusoro, musana, mutsipa kana chirebvu. Kusvotwa kana kurutsa. Kusagadzikana kwegastrointestinal. Kushomeka kwemhepo, kunonziwo dyspnea. Kupererwa neperspiration zvakanyanya kamwe kamwe. Kurova kwemoyo kwakasimba. Kunzwa kwerureme kana kushaya simba. Kuenda pasi. Kushaya simba kwakanyanya. Kurwadziwa kwepfupa kana kusagadzikana ndicho chiratidzo chinonyanya kuzivikanwa. Asi zviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nezera rako, pabonde uye zvimwe zvirwere. Une mukana wakakura wekuva nezviratidzo pasina kurwadziwa kwepfupa kana kusagadzikana kana uri mukadzi, mukuru wekare kana une chirwere cheshuga. Acute coronary syndrome inyaya yekukurumidzira yezvokurapa. Kurwadziwa kwepfupa kana kusagadzikana kunogona kuva chiratidzo chezvirwere zvakawanda zvinotyisa. Tsvaga rubatsiro rwekukurumidzira kuti uongororwe uye ugamuchire kurapwa kwakakodzera nekukurumidza. Usazviendesa iwe pachako kuchipatara.

'Acute coronary syndrome chirwere chinoda rubatsiro nekukurumidza. Kurwadziwa pabvudzi kana kusagadzikana kunogona kuva chiratidzo chezvirwere zvakawanda zvinouraya. Tsvaga rubatsiro rwekukurumidza kuti uongororwe uye ugamuchire kurapwa kwakakodzera nekukurumidza. Usazviendesa wega kuchipatara.'

Acute coronary syndrome kazhinji inokonzerwa nekuunganidzwa kwemafuta pamusoro pemadziro eropa anounza ropa, oksijeni nezvokudya kune tsandanyama dzemoyo. Mafuta aya anodanwawo kuti plaque. Ropa rinounza ropa kune moyo rinozivikanwawo se coronary arteries.

Apo mafuta aya paanopwanya kana kupatsanuka, ropa rinoumba. Ropa iri rinodzivirira kuyerera kweropa kuenda kutsandanyama dzemoyo.

Apo oksijeni inosvika kumasero ishoma, masero ari mutsandanyama dzemoyo anogona kufa. Kufa kwemasero kunokonzera kukuvara kune tishu dzemhasuru. Izvi zvinonzi kurwara kwemoyo.

Kunyangwe pasina kufa kwemasero, kudonha kweoksijeni kuchiri kukonzera tsandanyama dzemoyo dzisingashande sezvazvinofanira. Shanduko iyi inogona kunge iri pfupi kana kuti yakagara. Apo acute coronary syndrome isingakonzere kufa kwemasero, inonzi unstable angina.

Zvinokonzera njodzi ye acute coronary syndrome zvakafanana nezvezvimwe zvirwere zvemoyo. Zvinokonzera njodzi zvinosanganisira:

• Kukwegura.
• Cholesterol yakakwira yeropa.
• Kusvuta fodya.
• Kushaya zvemuviri.
• Kudya zvisina utano.
• Kuonda kana kuwanda kwemuviri.
• Chidhakwa cheshuga.
• Nhoroondo yemunhu kana yemhuri yekurwadziwa pachipfuva, kurwisa kwemoyo kana kurohwa neropa.
• Hutachiona hweCOVID-19.

Kurwara ye coronary syndrome inoda kurapwa nekukurumidza muchipatara. Kuongororwa kunoitirwa kuongorora mwoyo uye kuona chikonzero. Mimwe miedzo inogona kuitwa nepo timu yako yekurapa ichikubvunza mibvunzo nezve zviratidzo zvako kana nhoroondo yako yekurapa.

Miedzo ye coronary syndrome inogona kusanganisira:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG kana EKG). Iyi bvunzo inokurumidza inoyeresa basa remagetsi remwoyo. Zvishandiso zvinonzi electrodes zvinobatwa pachipfuva uye dzimwe nguva pazvibhakera kana makumbo. Kushanduka mukukwakuka kwemwoyo kunogona kureva kuti mwoyo hausi kushanda zvakanaka. Maitiro akati wandei mumagetsi emagetsi anogona kuratidza nzvimbo yakajairika yekuvharika. Bvunzo inogona kudzokororwa kanopfuura kamwe.
• Kuongororwa kweropa. Mapuroteni emwoyo akati wandei anoyerera zvishoma nezvishoma muropa mushure mekukuvadzwa kwemwoyo kubva pakurwisa kwemwoyo. Kuongororwa kweropa kunogona kuitwa kuongorora mapuroteni aya.

Zviratidzo zvako nemhedzisiro yebvunzo zvinogona kubatsira timu yako yekurapa kuita chirwere che coronary syndrome. Ruzivo urwu runogona zvakare kubatsira kuisa mamiriro ako sechibvumirano chemwoyo kana angina isingagadzikani.

Mimwe miedzo inogona kuitwa kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mamiriro ako uye kubvisa zvimwe zvikonzero zvechiratidzo. Miedzo inogona zvakare kubatsira kuona kurapwa.

• Coronary angiogram. Iyi bvunzo inobatsira vanopa utano kuona kuvharika muma arteries emwoyo. Chubhu refu, yakasimba, inoshanduka inonzi catheter inoiswa mudziya reropa, kazhinji muhudyu kana ruoko. Inotungamirwa kumwoyo. Dye inoyerera kuburikidza ne catheter kuenda kuma arteries emwoyo. Akatevedzana e-X-rays anoratidza kuti dye inofamba sei kuburikidza nema arteries. Catheter inogona zvakare kushandiswa kurapa.
• Echocardiogram. Iyi bvunzo inoshandisa mafungu esound kugadzira mifananidzo yemwoyo unokwakuka. Inoratidza kuti ropa rinofamba sei kuburikidza nemwoyo nema valves emwoyo. Echocardiogram inogona kubatsira kuona kana mwoyo uri kupomba zvakanaka.
• Myocardial perfusion imaging. Iyi bvunzo inoratidza kuti ropa rinofamba sei kuburikidza nemisungo yemwoyo. Huwandu hwakakwana, hwakachengeteka hwemvura inoratidza inopiwa ne-IV. Kamera yakasarudzika inotora mifananidzo yemvura sezvo ichifamba nemwoyo. Bvunzo inobatsira kuwana nzvimbo dzekufamba kwakashata kweropa kana kukuvara mumwoyo.
• Computerized tomography (CT) angiogram. Iyi bvunzo inotarisa ma arteries anounza ropa kumwoyo. Inoshandisa muchina wakasimba we-X-ray kugadzira mifananidzo yemwoyo nemidziyo yaro yeropa.
• Stress test. Bvunzo yekumanikidza inoratidza kuti mwoyo wako unoshanda zvakanaka sei kana uchiita maekisesaizi. Kazhinji inosanganisira kufamba pane treadmill kana kukwira bhasikoro risingafambi nepo mwoyo uchiongororwa. Kana usingakwanisi kurovedza muviri, unogona kupiwa mushonga. Iyi bvunzo inoitirwa chete kana usina zviratidzo zve coronary syndrome kana imwe mamiriro emwoyo anotyisa hupenyu kana uri kuzorora. Mimwe miedzo inogona kuitwa panguva yebvunzo yekumanikidza kuona kuti mwoyo unoshanda zvakanaka sei.

Zvinangwa zvekurapa zvekukurumidza zvechirwere che coronary syndrome ndeaya: Kugadzirisa marwadzo nekutambudzika. Kuvandudza kuyerera kweropa. Kudzoreredza basa remoyo nekukurumidza uye sezvinobvira. Zvinangwa zve kurapa kwenguva refu nderokubatsira moyo kuti ushande zvakanaka, kutonga zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi uye kuderedza njodzi yekurwisa kwemoyo. Kurapa kunogona kusanganisira mishonga uye nzira dzekuvhiya. Mishonga Zvichienderana nechirwere chako, mishonga inogona kusanganisira: Clot busters inobatsira kuputsa ropa rinodzivirira artery. Mishonga iyi inozivikanwawo se thrombolytics. Nitroglycerin inovandudza kuyerera kweropa nekufambisa kuwedzera kwema arteries. Mishonga inorwisa maplatelet inobatsira kudzivirira ropa kuti rirege kuumbwa. Inosanganisira aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix) uye prasugrel (Effient). Beta blockers inobatsira kuzorodza tsandanyama yemoyo uye kunonoka kurova kwemoyo. Inoderedza zvinodiwa nemoyo wako uye inoderedza kuwedzera kweropa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol-XL) uye nadolol (Corgard). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors inowedzera ma arteries uye inovandudza kuyerera kweropa. Izvi zvinobatsira moyo kuti ushande zvakanaka. Mienzaniso inosanganisira lisinopril (Zestril), benazepril (Lotensin) nevamwe. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) inobatsira kutonga kuwedzera kweropa. Inosanganisira irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar) nevamwe. Statins inoderedza huwandu hwe cholesterol muropa. Inogona kusimbisa mafuta, zvichiita kuti zvisave nyore kuputsika uye kuumba ropa. Statins inosanganisira atorvastatin (Lipitor), simvastatin (Zocor, Flolipid) nevamwe. Mishonga inoderedza cholesterol yakaita se ezetimibe (Zetia). Kuvhiya nemamwe maitiro Chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira imwe yekurapa uku kudzoreredza kuyerera kweropa kumoto: Angioplasty uye stenting. Kurapa uku kunoshandisa chubhu yakasimba, yakapfava uye bhora diki kuti ivhure ma arteries emoyo akavharwa. Chiremba anoisa chubhu muchiuno cheruoko, kazhinji muhudyu kana ruoko, uye anoitungamira ku artery yemoyo yakamanikana. Waye ine bhora risina kuzvimba pamusoro unoenda nechubhu. Bhora rinoputika, richivhura artery. Bhora rinobviswa uye rinobviswa. Chubhu diki yemasikisi kazhinji inoisirwa mu artery kuti ibatsire kuichengeta yakavhurika. Chubhu yemasikisi inonziwo stent. Coronary artery bypass surgery. Kuvhiya kukuru uku kunosanganisira kutora ropa rakanaka kubva muchiuno kana gumbo. Chikamu ichi che tishu rakanaka chinonzi graft. Chiremba anoisa magumo e graft pasi pe artery yemoyo yakavharwa. Izvi zvinoita nzira itsva yeropa kuti riyerere kumoto. Rumwe ruzivo Coronary angioplasty uye stents Coronary artery bypass surgery Kumbira nguva yekuonana nachiremba