Asthma

Kana munhu ane asthma, madziro ari mukati me nzira dzemhepo mumapapu anogona kuoma uye kuzvimba. Uyewo, zvinhu zvinoputira nzira dzemhepo zvinogona kugadzira mvura yakawanda. Mhedzisiro yacho ndeyekurwisa kwe asthma. Panguva yekurwisa kwe asthma, nzira dzemhepo dzakaoma dzinonetsa kufema uye dzinogona kukonzera kukosora nekuchema.

Asthma chirwere umo nzira dzako dzemhepo dzinooma uye kuzvimba uye dzinogona kuburitsa mvura yakawanda. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti kufema kuve kwakaoma uye kukonzera kukosora, inzwi rekuchema (wheezing) kana uchifema uye kushaya mweya.

Kune vamwe vanhu, asthma inenge iri dambudziko diki. Kune vamwe, inogona kuva dambudziko guru rinokanganisa mabasa ezuva nezuva uye rinogona kutungamira pakurwisa kwe asthma kunotyisa hupenyu.

Asthma haigone kurapwa, asi zviratidzo zvaro zvinogona kudzorwa. Sezvo asthma kazhinji ichichinja nekufamba kwenguva, zvakakosha kuti ushande nachiremba wako kuti uteedzere zviratidzo zvako uye kugadzirisa kurapwa kwako sezvinodiwa.

Zviratidzo zve asthma zvinosiyana kubva kumunhu kuenda kune mumwe munhu. Ungave nekurwisa kwe asthma kazhinji, uve nezviratidzo panguva dzakatarwa chete—semuenzaniso kana uchiita zvemitambo—kana uve nezviratidzo nguva dzose. Zviratidzo zve asthma zvinosanganisira: Kushomeka kwe mweya Kuomarara kwepfupa kana kurwadziwa Kuchema kana uchiburitsa mweya, izvo chiratidzo chakajairika che asthma muvana Kunetseka kurara kwakakonzerwa nekushomeka kwemweya, kukosora kana kuchema Kukosora kana kuchema kunowedzera nekuda kwehutachiona hwemweya, sekutonhora kana chimfine Zviratidzo zvinoratidza kuti asthma yako iri kuwedzera zvinosanganisira: Zviratidzo zve asthma zvinowanzoitika uye zvinonetsa Kuwedzera kuoma kwemweya, sezvinoyera muchishandiso chinoshandiswa kuongorora kuti mapapu ako ari kushanda zvakanaka sei (peak flow meter) Kudikanwa kwekushandisa inhaler inokurumidza kubvisa kazhinji Kune vamwe vanhu, zviratidzo zve asthma zvinowedzera mumamiriro ezvinhu akatarwa: Asthma inokonzerwa nekuita zvemitambo, iyo inogona kuipa kana mhepo iri kutonhora uye yakaoma Asthma yebasa, inokonzerwa nechinhu chinokonzera matambudziko panzvimbo yebasa senge utsi hwemakemikari, magasi kana guruva Asthma inokonzerwa neallergy, inokonzerwa nezvinhu zviri mumhepo, senge pollen, spores dzehutachiona, tsvina yekokonye, kana zvidimbu zve ganda uye mate akaoma akabudiswa nezvipfuwo (pet dander) Kurwisa kwakasimba kwe asthma kunogona kutyisidzira hupenyu. Shanda nachiremba wako kuti uone kuti uitei kana zviratidzo zvako zvikawedzera—uye kana uchida kurapwa kwekukurumidza. Zviratidzo zvemamiriro ekukurumidza ekukurumidza zve asthma zvinosanganisira: Kuwedzera kukurumidza kwekushomeka kwemweya kana kuchema Kusavandudzwa kunyangwe mushure mekushandisa inhaler inokurumidza kubvisa Kushomeka kwemweya kana uri kuita mabasa asingakoshi ona chiremba wako: Kana uchifunga kuti une asthma. Kana uine kukosora kazhinji kana kuchema kunopfuura mazuva mashoma kana chero zviratidzo zve asthma, ona chiremba wako. Kurapa asthma pakutanga kunogona kudzivirira kukuvara kwenguva refu kwemapapu uye kubatsira kuchengetedza mamiriro acho kuti asawedzere nguva. Kutarisa asthma yako mushure mekuongororwa. Kana uchiri kuziva kuti une asthma, shanda nachiremba wako kuti uichengete pasi pekudzora. Kudzora kwakanaka kwenguva refu kunokubatsira kunzwa zvakanaka zuva nezuva uye kunogona kudzivirira kurwisa kwakasimba kwe asthma. Kana zviratidzo zvako zve asthma zvikawedzera. Taura nachiremba wako nekukurumidza kana mushonga wako usingaiti kuti zviratidzo zvako zvidzikire kana uchida kushandisa inhaler yako inokurumidza kubvisa kazhinji. Usatore mishonga yakawanda kupfuura yakanyorwa pasina kubvunza chiremba wako kutanga. Kushandisa mishonga ye asthma zvakanyanya kunogona kukonzera zvinokonzerwa nemigumisiro uye kunogona kuita kuti asthma yako iwedzere. Ongorora kurapwa kwako. Asthma inowanzoshanduka nekufamba kwenguva. Sangana nachiremba wako nguva dzose kuti ukurukure zviratidzo zvako uye uite chero kugadziriswa kwakakodzera kwemishonga.

Kurwara kweasthma kwakanyanya kunogona kuva nengozi kuhupenyu. Shanda nachiremba wako kuti uone zvekuita kana zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvako zvikawedzera - uye kana uchida kurapwa nekukurumidza. Zviratidzo zveasthma yekukurumidza zvinosanganisira:

• Kukurumidza kuwedzera kwekufema kana kufema
• Kusavandudzwa kunyangwe mushure mekushandisa inhaler yekukurumidza kusununguka
• Kufema kwekukurumidza kana uchiita zvishoma zvemuviri

Onana nachiremba wako:

• Kana uchifunga kuti une asthma. Kana uine kukosora kana kufema kunogara kwemazuva akati wandei kana chero zvimwe zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zveasthma, ona chiremba wako. Kurapa asthma nekukurumidza kunogona kudzivirira kukuvara kwemapapu kwenguva refu uye kubatsira kudzivirira mamiriro ezvinhu kuti asawedzere nekufamba kwenguva.
• Kuti utarise asthma yako mushure mekuongororwa. Kana uchiziva kuti une asthma, shanda nachiremba wako kuti uichengetedze pasi pekutonga. Kudzora kwenguva refu kunobatsira kuti unzwe zviri nani zuva nezuva uye kunogona kudzivirira kurwara kweasthma kunogona kuuraya.
• Kana zviratidzo zveasthma zvako zvikawedzera. Bata chiremba wako nekukurumidza kana mushonga wako usingaratidzike kurerutsa zviratidzo zvako kana kana uchida kushandisa inhaler yako yekukurumidza kusununguka kakawanda. Usatore mushonga wakawanda kupfuura wawakapihwa usina kutanga kubvunza chiremba wako. Kushandisa zvakanyanya mushonga weasthma kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro uye kunogona kuita kuti asthma yako iwedzere.
• Kuti uongorore kurapwa kwako. Asthma inowanzo shanduka nekufamba kwenguva. Sangana nachiremba wako nguva dzose kuti ukurukure nezvezviratidzo zvako uye kuita chero shanduko dzekurapa dzinodiwa. Kana zviratidzo zveasthma zvako zvikawedzera. Bata chiremba wako nekukurumidza kana mushonga wako usingaratidzike kurerutsa zviratidzo zvako kana kana uchida kushandisa inhaler yako yekukurumidza kusununguka kakawanda. Usatore mushonga wakawanda kupfuura wawakapihwa usina kutanga kubvunza chiremba wako. Kushandisa zvakanyanya mushonga weasthma kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro uye kunogona kuita kuti asthma yako iwedzere.

Hazvina kujeka kuti nei vamwe vanhu vachiwana asthma uye vamwe vasipo, asi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakatipoteredza nezvinhu zvakagara nhaka (genetic). Kuonana nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzera kutsamwa uye zvinhu zvinokonzera mararia (allergens) zvinogona kutanga zviratidzo nezviratidzo zve asthma. Zvinhu zvinokonzera asthma zvakasiyana kubva kune munhu mumwe chete uye zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Zvinhu zvinokonzera mararia zviri mumhepo, senge pollen, ma mites edu, spores emucheka, furu yemhuka kana zvidimbu zvemarara echikara
• Zvirwere zvekufema, senge chikosoro chakajairika
• Kuita zvemuviri
• Mhepo inotonhora
• Zvinhu zvinokuvadza uye zvinokonzera kutsamwa mumhepo, senge utsi
• Mishonga yakati, kusanganisira beta blockers, aspirin, uye mishonga isingasviki anti-inflammatory, senge ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, nezvimwewo) uye naproxen sodium (Aleve)
• Manzwiro ane simba nekushushikana
• Sulfites uye zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvinowedzerwa kune mamwe marudzi ezvikafu nezvinwiwa, kusanganisira shrimp, michero yakaoma, mapoto akagadzirwa, doro newaini
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), mamiriro ayo asidhi yemudumbu inodzoka muhuro rako

Zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinowedzera mikana yako yekuwana asthma. Zvinosanganisira:

• Kuva nemumwe wemhuri ane asthma, sekambani kana munun'una
• Kuva nedzimwe chirwere cheallergy, sekudermatitis yeatopic — inokonzera ganda dzvuku, rinonyangarika — kana hay fever — inokonzera mhuno inoyerera, kuvhara uye maziso anonyangarika
• Kuva nehuremu hwakawandisa
• Kuva muputa
• Kuonekwa nekusvuta kwemweya
• Kuonekwa nemafuta emotokari kana mamwe marudzi ekuzara
• Kuonekwa nezvinhu zvinokonzera mabasa, senge kemikari dzinoshandiswa mukurima, kucheka bvudzi nekugadzira

Zvinetso zveAsthma zvinosanganisira:

• Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvinokanganisa hope, basa nemamwe mabasa
• Mazuva ekurwara kubva kubasa kana kuchikoro panguva yekuzvimba kweAsthma
• Kuomarara kwenguva refu kwematubhu anokwevera mweya kuenda nekubva mumapapu ako (matubhu ebronchial), izvo zvinoita kuti ufemuke zvakanaka
• Kushanya kwekukurumidzira uye kupindirwa muchipatara nekuda kwekurwisa kwakasimba kweAsthma
• Migumisiro kubva pakushandisa kwenguva refu kwemishonga inoshandiswa kugadzirisa Asthma yakakomba

Kurapwa kwakakodzera kunoita musiyano mukuru mukudzivirira zvinetso zvenguva pfupi nenguva refu zvinokonzerwa neAsthma.

Kunyangwe pasina nzira yekudzivirira asthma, iwe nesachiremba wenyu munogona kuronga chirongwa chedanho-nedanho chekurarama nechirwere chenyu uye kudzivirira kurwiswa kwe asthma.

• Tevedza chirongwa chako chekuita che asthma. Pamwe chete nachiremba wako nechikwata chehutano, nyora chirongwa chakajeka chekutora mishonga nekutonga kurwiswa kwe asthma. Wobva wavimbisa kutevera chirongwa chako. Asthma chirwere chinoramba chiripo chinoda kuongororwa nguva dzose nekurapwa. Kutonga kurapwa kwako kunogona kukupa manzwiro ekutonga hupenyu hwako.
• Tora jekiseni reinfluenza nemapumonya. Kugara uine jekiseni kunogona kudzivirira chikosoro nemapumonya kubva pakutanga kurwiswa kwe asthma.
• Ziva uye dzivirira zvinokonzera asthma. Nhamba yezvinhu zvinokonzera marariya kunze uye zvinokanganisa — kubva kune pollen nehurefu kusvika kumhepo inotonhora nekugadzirwa kwemhepo — zvinogona kutanga kurwiswa kwe asthma. Tsvaga zvinokonzera kana kuwedzera asthma yako, uye tora matanho ekudzivirira izvo zvinokonzera.
• Tarisa kufema kwako. Ungadzidza kuziva zviratidzo zvechirwere chinouya, sekukosora kwakapfava, wheezing kana kushaya mweya. Asi nekuti basa remapfupa ako rinogona kudzikira usati waziva chero zviratidzo, yera uye nyora kuyerera kwako kwepamusoro kwekufamba uchishandisa peak flow meter yekumba. Peak flow meter inoyera kuti unokwanisa kufema zvakaoma sei. Chiremba wako anogona kukuratidza maitiro ekuongorora peak flow yako kumba.
• Ziva uye rarapa kurwiswa pakutanga. Kana ukaita nekukurumidza, hauzove nekukurumidza kurwiswa kwakakomba. Hauzodawo mishonga yakawanda yekutonga zviratidzo zvako. Kana kuyera kwako kwepamusoro kwekufamba kuchidzikira uye kukuyambira nezvekurwiswa kunouya, tora mishonga yako sezvakarayirwa. Uyewo, misa nekukurumidza chero basa rinogona kunge rakakonzera kurwiswa. Kana zviratidzo zvako zvisina kuvandudza, tsvaga rubatsiro rwekurapa sezvakaratidzwa muchirongwa chako chekuita.
• Tora mishonga yako sezvakarayirwa. Usachinje mishonga yako usati wataura nachiremba wako, kunyangwe asthma yako ichiita kunge iri kuvandudza. Zvakanaka kuunza mishonga yako newe kune chero shanyiro yechiremba. Chiremba wako anogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti uri kushandisa mishonga yako zvakarurama uye uchitora dose yakarurama.
• Cherechedza kuwedzera kushandiswa kwe inhaler yekukurumidza kubatsira. Kana ukawana kuti uri kuvimba ne inhaler yako yekukurumidza kubatsira, senge albuterol, asthma yako haisi kutongwa. Ona chiremba wako nezve kugadzirisa kurapwa kwako. Tevedza chirongwa chako chekuita che asthma. Pamwe chete nachiremba wako nechikwata chehutano, nyora chirongwa chakajeka chekutora mishonga nekutonga kurwiswa kwe asthma. Wobva wavimbisa kutevera chirongwa chako. Asthma chirwere chinoramba chiripo chinoda kuongororwa nguva dzose nekurapwa. Kutonga kurapwa kwako kunogona kukupa manzwiro ekutonga hupenyu hwako. Tarisa kufema kwako. Ungadzidza kuziva zviratidzo zvechirwere chinouya, sekukosora kwakapfava, wheezing kana kushaya mweya. Asi nekuti basa remapfupa ako rinogona kudzikira usati waziva chero zviratidzo, yera uye nyora kuyerera kwako kwepamusoro kwekufamba uchishandisa peak flow meter yekumba. Peak flow meter inoyera kuti unokwanisa kufema zvakaoma sei. Chiremba wako anogona kukuratidza maitiro ekuongorora peak flow yako kumba. Ziva uye rarapa kurwiswa pakutanga. Kana ukaita nekukurumidza, hauzove nekukurumidza kurwiswa kwakakomba. Hauzodawo mishonga yakawanda yekutonga zviratidzo zvako. Kana kuyera kwako kwepamusoro kwekufamba kuchidzikira uye kukuyambira nezvekurwiswa kunouya, tora mishonga yako sezvakarayirwa. Uyewo, misa nekukurumidza chero basa rinogona kunge rakakonzera kurwiswa. Kana zviratidzo zvako zvisina kuvandudza, tsvaga rubatsiro rwekurapa sezvakaratidzwa muchirongwa chako chekuita.

Kutarisa muviri Chiremba wenyu achaita bvunzo yemuviri kuti adzime zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuitika, senge chirwere chekufema kana chirwere chekufema chinogara chichiitika (COPD). Chiremba wenyu achakutambudzawo mibvunzo nezviratidzo zvako uye nezvimwe zvirwere. Kuongorora basa remapapu Iwe unogona kuitwa bvunzo dzebasa remapapu kuti uone kuti mweya wakawanda sei unopinda uye unobuda sezvaunofema. Aya ma bvunzo anogona kusanganisira: Spirometry. Bvunzo iyi inofungidzira kuomarara kwema bronchi ako nekutarisa kuti mweya wakawanda sei waunogona kuburitsa mushure mekufema kwakadzika uye kuti unokurumidza sei kuburitsa mweya. Peak flow. Peak flow meter chishandiso chakareruka chinochera kuti unokwanisa sei kuburitsa mweya. Kuverenga kwe peak flow kwakaderera kupfuura kazhinji chiratidzo chekuti mapapu ako angave asina kushanda zvakanaka uye kuti asthma yako ingave iri kuipa. Chiremba wenyu achakupa mirairo yekuti ungatevedzera sei uye kugadzirisa sei kuverenga kwakaderera kwe peak flow. Kuongorora basa remapapu kazhinji kunoitika usati watora mushonga wekuvhura nzira dzemhepo unonzi bronchodilator (brong-koh-DIE-lay-tur), senge albuterol. Kana basa remapapu rako rikavandudza nekushandisa bronchodilator, zvinoratidza kuti une asthma. Kuongorora kwakawedzerwa Zvimwe zvibvunzo zvekuongorora asthma zvinosanganisira: Methacholine challenge. Methacholine inyaya inozivikanwa ye asthma. Kana yakapfapfaidzwa, ichaita kuti nzira dzemhepo dzako dziome zvishoma. Kana ukaita chimwe chinhu kune methacholine, zvinoratidza kuti une asthma. Bvunzo iyi inogona kushandiswa kunyangwe kana bvunzo yako yekutanga yebasa remapapu iri yakanaka. Kuongorora mifananidzo. X-ray yechipfuva inogona kubatsira kuziva chero kusakwana kwemuviri kana zvirwere (senge chirwere) zvinogona kukonzera kana kuwedzera matambudziko ekufemera. Kuongorora allergies. Kuongorora allergies kunogona kuitwa nebvunzo yeganda kana bvunzo yeropa. Zvinokuudza kana uri allergic kune mhuka dzinovaraidza, guruva, huku kana pollen. Kana zvinhu zvinokonzera allergies zvikawanikwa, chiremba wenyu anogona kukurudzira mishonga yeallergies. Nitric oxide test. Bvunzo iyi inoyerera huwandu hwengas nitric oxide mukufema kwako. Kana nzira dzemhepo dzako dzakatsvuka - chiratidzo che asthma - unogona kunge uine mazinga e nitric oxide akakwirira kupfuura kazhinji. Bvunzo iyi haina kuwanikwa zvakanyanya. Sputum eosinophils. Bvunzo iyi inotsvaga masero machena eropa (eosinophils) mukusanganiswa kwemashuga nemucus (sputum) yaunoburitsa pakuchema. Eosinophils dziripo kana zviratidzo zvikaonekwa uye zvinoonekwa kana zvakapendwa neruvara rwerose. Kuongorora kunokurudzira zvekuita zvemuviri uye asthma inokonzerwa nekunotonhora. Mu bvunzo idzi, chiremba wenyu anoyerera kuvhara kwenzira dzemhepo dzako usati waita basa guru remuviri kana kutora kufema kwakawanda kwemhepo inotonhora. Asthma inoratidzwa sei Kuti uratidze kuomarara kwe asthma yako, chiremba wenyu achafunga kuti kazhinji sei une zviratidzo uye kuti zvakakomba sei. Chiremba wenyu achafungawo mhedzisiro yebvunzo yako yemuviri uye bvunzo dzekuongorora. Kuziva kuomarara kwe asthma yako kunobatsira chiremba wenyu kusarudza kurapwa kwakanakisa. Kuomarara kwe asthma kazhinji kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva, zvichiita kuti kurapwa kuchinjwe. Asthma inoratidzwa muzvikamu zvina zvakajairika: Kuratidzwa kwe asthma Zviratidzo Mild intermittent Zviratidzo zvishoma kusvika kumazuva maviri pavhiki uye kusvika kuusiku maviri pamwedzi Mild persistent Zviratidzo kupfuura kaviri pavhiki, asi kwete kupfuura kamwe pazuva rimwe chete Moderate persistent Zviratidzo kamwe pazuva uye kupfuura usiku humwe pavhiki Severe persistent Zviratidzo zuva rese pazuva rakawanda uye kazhinji usiku Kutarisirwa paMayo Clinic Timu yedu yekutarisira yevanachiremba veMayo Clinic inogona kukubatsira nezvinetso zvako zvehutano zvine chekuita ne asthma Tanga pano Rumwe ruzivo Kutarisirwa kwe asthma paMayo Clinic Asthma: Kuongorora uye kuongororwa CT scan Spirometry X-ray Ratidza rumwe ruzivo rwakabatana

Kudzivirira uye kudzora kwenguva refu ndizvo zvinokosha pakumisa kurwisa kwe asthma usati watanga. Kurapa kazhinji kunosanganisira kudzidza kuziva zvinokonzera, kutora matanho ekudzivirira zvinokonzera uye kutevera kufema kwako kuitira kuti mishonga yako irambe ichidzora zviratidzo. Kana paine kuwedzera kwe asthma, ungada kushandisa inhaler inokurumidza kubatsira.

Mishonga chaiyo kwauri inotsamira pazvinhu zvakawanda -zera rako, zviratidzo, zvinokonzera asthma uye zvinoita zvakanaka pakurinda asthma yako.

Mishonga yekudzivirira, yekudzora kwenguva refu inoderedza kuzvimba (kuzvimba) munzira dzako dzekufema dzinoita kuti pave nezviratidzo. Inhalers inokurumidza kubatsira (bronchodilators) inokurumidza kuvhura nzira dzekufema dzakazvimba dzinoita kuti kufema kuome. Muzviitiko zvimwe, mishonga yeallergy inodiwa.

Mishonga yekudzora asthma kwenguva refu, inotorwa zuva nezuva, ndiyo inotanga kurapwa kwe asthma. Mishonga iyi inochengeta asthma ichidzorwa zuva nezuva uye inoita kuti zvisave nyore kuti uve nekurwisa kwe asthma. Marudzi emishonga yekudzora kwenguva refu anosanganisira:

• Inhaled corticosteroids. Mishonga iyi inosanganisira fluticasone propionate (Flovent HFA, Flovent Diskus, Xhance), budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaler, Pulmicort Respules, Rhinocort), ciclesonide (Alvesco), beclomethasone (Qvar Redihaler), mometasone (Asmanex HFA, Asmanex Twisthaler) uye fluticasone furoate (Arnuity Ellipta).

  Ungada kushandisa mishonga iyi kwemazuva akati wandei kusvika mavhiki usati wasvika paburiro rayo rakakura. Kusiyana ne oral corticosteroids, inhaled corticosteroids ine njodzi shoma yemhedzisiro yakakomba.

• Combination inhalers. Mishonga iyi — senge fluticasone-salmeterol (Advair HFA, Airduo Digihaler, nezvimwewo), budesonide-formoterol (Symbicort), formoterol-mometasone (Dulera) uye fluticasone furoate-vilanterol (Breo Ellipta) — ine long-acting beta agonist pamwe chete ne corticosteroid.

• Theophylline. Theophylline (Theo-24, Elixophyllin, Theochron) mushonga unotorwa zuva nezuva unobatsira kuchengeta nzira dzekufema dzakavhurika nekudzorera tsandanyama dziri kumativi enzira dzekufema. Haishandiswe kazhinji semimwe mishonga ye asthma uye inoda bvunzo yeropa nguva dzose.

Inhaled corticosteroids. Mishonga iyi inosanganisira fluticasone propionate (Flovent HFA, Flovent Diskus, Xhance), budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaler, Pulmicort Respules, Rhinocort), ciclesonide (Alvesco), beclomethasone (Qvar Redihaler), mometasone (Asmanex HFA, Asmanex Twisthaler) uye fluticasone furoate (Arnuity Ellipta).

Ungada kushandisa mishonga iyi kwemazuva akati wandei kusvika mavhiki usati wasvika paburiro rayo rakakura. Kusiyana ne oral corticosteroids, inhaled corticosteroids ine njodzi shoma yemhedzisiro yakakomba.

Leukotriene modifiers. Mishonga iyi inotorwa nomuromo — inosanganisira montelukast (Singulair), zafirlukast (Accolate) uye zileuton (Zyflo) — inobatsira kuderedza zviratidzo zve asthma.

Mishonga yekukurumidza kubatsira (rescue) inoshandiswa sezvinodiwa kuti ikurumidze kubvisa zviratidzo munguva pfupi panguva yekurwisa kwe asthma. Inogona kushandiswawo usati waitamba kana chiremba wako akakurudzira. Marudzi emishonga yekukurumidza kubatsira anosanganisira:

• Short-acting beta agonists. Aya inhaled, quick-relief bronchodilators anoshanda mukati memaminitsi kuti akurumidze kuderedza zviratidzo panguva yekurwisa kwe asthma. Anosanganisira albuterol (ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA, nezvimwewo) uye levalbuterol (Xopenex, Xopenex HFA).

  Short-acting beta agonists inogona kutorwa uchishandisa inhaler inotakurika, inobata nemaoko kana nebulizer, muchina unoita kuti mishonga ye asthma ive rima diki. Inofema kuburikidza nemuromo kana mask.

• Anticholinergic agents. Kufanana nemamwe bronchodilators, ipratropium (Atrovent HFA) uye tiotropium (Spiriva, Spiriva Respimat) anoshanda nekukurumidza kuti azorore nzira dzako dzekufema, zvichiita kuti kufema kuve nyore. Inonyanya kushandiswa pakurapa emphysema uye chronic bronchitis, asi inogona kushandiswa kurapa asthma.

• Oral and intravenous corticosteroids. Mishonga iyi — inosanganisira prednisone (Prednisone Intensol, Rayos) uye methylprednisolone (Medrol, Depo-Medrol, Solu-Medrol) — inoderedza kuzvimba munzira dzekufema kunokonzerwa ne asthma yakakomba. Inogona kukonzera mhedzisiro yakakomba kana ikashandiswa kwenguva refu, saka mishonga iyi inoshandiswa chete kwenguva pfupi kurapa zviratidzo zve asthma yakakomba.

Short-acting beta agonists. Aya inhaled, quick-relief bronchodilators anoshanda mukati memaminitsi kuti akurumidze kuderedza zviratidzo panguva yekurwisa kwe asthma. Anosanganisira albuterol (ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA, nezvimwewo) uye levalbuterol (Xopenex, Xopenex HFA).

Short-acting beta agonists inogona kutorwa uchishandisa inhaler inotakurika, inobata nemaoko kana nebulizer, muchina unoita kuti mishonga ye asthma ive rima diki. Inofema kuburikidza nemuromo kana mask.

Kana uine kuwedzera kwe asthma, inhaler inokurumidza kubatsira inogona kubvisa zviratidzo zvako nekukurumidza. Asi haufaniri kushandisa inhaler yako inokurumidza kubatsira kazhinji kana mishonga yako yekudzora kwenguva refu iri kushanda zvakanaka.

Chengeta rekodhi yehuwandu hwema puffs aunoshandisa vhiki imwe neimwe. Kana uchida kushandisa inhaler yako inokurumidza kubatsira kazhinji kupfuura zvakakurudzirwa nachiremba wako, ona chiremba wako. Ungada kugadzirisa mushonga wako wekudzora kwenguva refu.

Mishonga yeallergy inogona kubatsira kana asthma yako yakakonzerwa kana kuipa neallergies. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Allergy shots (immunotherapy). Nekufamba kwenguva, allergy shots zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoderedza kuita kwemuviri wako kune allergens chaiyo. Kazhinji unowana jekiseni kamwe pavhiki kwemavhiki mashoma, wobva kamwe pamwedzi kwenguva yemakore matatu kusvika mashanu.
• Biologics. Mishonga iyi — inosanganisira omalizumab (Xolair), mepolizumab (Nucala), dupilumab (Dupixent), reslizumab (Cinqair) uye benralizumab (Fasenra) — ndeyevaya vane asthma yakakomba.

Kurapa uku kunoshandiswa kune asthma yakakomba isingavandudzeki ne inhaled corticosteroids kana mimwe mishonga ye asthma kwenguva refu. Haisi kuwanikwa kwazvo kana kuti yakakodzera kune munhu wese.

Panguva ye bronchial thermoplasty, chiremba wako anopisa mukati menzira dzekufema mumapapu ne electrode. Kupisa kunoderedza tsandanyama yakapfava mukati menzira dzekufema. Izvi zvinoderedza kugona kwenzira dzekufema kuti dzisungane, zvichiita kuti kufema kuve nyore uye zvichidzikisa kurwisa kwe asthma. Kurapa kunowanzoitwa pamisangano mitatu yevashanyi.

Kurapa kwako kunofanira kunge kuri nyore uye kunobva pakuchinja kwezviratidzo zvako. Chiremba wako anofanira kubvunza nezvezviratidzo zvako pakuona kwese. Zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvako, chiremba wako anogona kugadzirisa kurapa kwako nenzira yakakodzera.

Semuenzaniso, kana asthma yako yakadzorwa zvakanaka, chiremba wako anogona kunyora mishonga shoma. Kana asthma yako isina kudzorwa zvakanaka kana iri kuipa, chiremba wako anogona kuwedzera mishonga yako uye kukurudzira kushanya kazhinji.

Asthma inogona kunetsa uye inotyisa. Dzimwe nguva unogona kushatirwa, kutsamwa kana kuora mwoyo nekuti unofanirwa kudzikisa zviitwa zvako zvakajairwa kuti udzivise zvinokonzera zvinhu zvakatipoteredza. Unogona kunzwawo wakaganhurirwa kana kunyara nechirwere ichi uye nemazano ekurapa akaoma. Asi asthma haifanire kuva mamiriro anoganhurira. Nzira yakanakisa yekukunda kunetseka uye kunzwa kusina tariro ndeyekunzwisisa mamiriro ako uye kutora chikamu pakurapa kwako. Heano mamwe mazano anogona kubatsira: Dzivisa kukurumidza. Tora zororo pakati pezviito uye dzivisa zviitwa zvinoita kuti zviratidzo zvako zviome. Gadzira runyorwa rwezvinhu zvekuita zuva nezuva. Izvi zvinogona kukubatsira kudzivirira kunzwa kuremerwa. Zvibvumire nekukwanisa zvinangwa zviri nyore. Taura nevamwe vanorwara nechirwere chakafanana nechako. Makamuri ekukurukura uye mabhodhi emessages pa internet kana mapoka ekutsigira munzvimbo yako anogona kukubatanidza nevanhu vanotarisana nematambudziko akafanana uye kukuzivisa kuti hausi wega. Kana mwana wako ane asthma, simba. Tarisa pane zvinhu zvinogona kuitwa nemwana wako, kwete pane zvinhu zvaasingakwanisi kuita. Batanidza vadzidzisi, vanamukoti vechikoro, vakuru vemitambo, shamwari nehama mukubatsira mwana wako kutonga asthma.