Chii chinonzi Bladder Exstrophy? Zviratidzo, Zvinokonzera, & Kurapa

Bladder exstrophy chirwere chisingawanzoitika chinoitika panguva yekuzvarwa apo ganda retsinga remwana rinoumbwa kunze kwemuviri wake panzvimbo pekunyika mukati. Izvi zvinoitika kana rusvingo rwekumashure rwekumudumbu rusina kuvhara zvakanaka panguva yekutanga kwekumimba, richisiya ganda retsinga rakazaruka kunze kwemudumbu.

Ichi chirwere chinotapura vanhu vangangoita 1 pamunhu 30,000 kusvika ku 50,000 vakazvarwa, zvichiita kuti rive risina kujairika. Kunyange zvazvo richinzwa rine njodzi, nzira dzemazuva ano dzekurapa dzakazviita kuti rive nyore kurapa, uye vana vane bladder exstrophy vanogona kurarama upenyu hwakazara, hune hutano nekurapa kwakakodzera.

Chii chinonzi bladder exstrophy?

Bladder exstrophy inoitika kana ganda retsinga remwana rako rikavambwa kunze kwemuviri wake panzvimbo pekunyika mukati me pelvis. Ganda retsinga rinoonekwa serinenge tsvuku, rakazaruka pachikamu chepasi chemudumbu remwana, kazhinji richionekwa serinenge ndiro diki, rakati sandara.

Ichi chirwere chikamu cheboka rinonzi exstrophy-epispadias complex. Ganda retsinga harisi chete chinokanganiswa - tsandanyama dzemudumbu, mapfupa e pelvis, nezvibatanidzwa hazviumbwe nenzira yavo yakajairwa. Mapfupa epubic, anowanzo sanganira pamberi, anoramba akaparadzana.

Mukomana, kuvhurwa kwechisikwa (urethra) kazhinji kuri pamusoro panzvimbo pekumucheto. Mukadzi, clitoris inogona kupatsanuka, uye kuvhurwa kwevagina kunogona kuva kwakamanikana kupfuura kazhinji. Aya maitiro akabatana nekuti muviri wepasi unobudirira sei panguva yekuzvitakura.

Ndeapi zviratidzo zve bladder exstrophy?

Chiratidzo chikuru che bladder exstrophy chinoonekwa pakuzvarwa - unogona kuona ganda retsinga kunze kwemudumbu remwana wako. Iri ganda retsinga rakazaruka rinotaridzika tsvuku uye rakanyorova, zvakafanana nekunyika kwemukanwa wako, nekuti rakaumbwa nerudzi rwakafanana rwe tishu.

Heano zviratidzo zvikuru zvinotarwa nachiremba:

• Ganda retsinga rakazaruka pamudumbu repasi rinotaridzika tsvuku uye rakanyorova
• Pakati pemapfupa epubic aunogona kunzwa
• Bumbiro diki, rakafara rinogara pasi pane kazhinji
• Kuvhura kwemukaka nguva dzose sezvo ganda retsinga risina kukwanisa kuchengeta mukaka zvakanaka
• Penis diki kupfuura kazhinji mukomana, kazhinji ine chitarisiko chakatsauka
• Mukadzi, clitoris yakapatsanuka uye kuvhurwa kwevagina kwakamanikana
• Inguinal hernias (kuzvimba munzvimbo ye groin) izvo zvinoitika kazhinji muvana ava

Kunenge kwakanyorova nguva dzose kubva kumukaka kunogona kukonzera kukwenya kweganda rakapoteredza ganda retsinga rakazaruka. Ndosaka vanachiremba vachinyanya kufunga nezvekudzivirira ganda retsinga neganda rakapoteredza pakuzvarwa.

Ndeapi marudzi e bladder exstrophy?

Bladder exstrophy inouya mumhando dzakasiyana, imwe neimwe ichikanganisa mwana wako nenzira dzakasiyana zvishoma. Rudzi runowanzoitika runonzi classic bladder exstrophy, ratakanga tichitsanangura kusvika zvino.

Classic bladder exstrophy inoumba anenge 60% yezviitiko zvose. Murudzi urwu, ganda retsinga rakazaruka asi mamwe matunhu akadai semajoini anoramba ari mukati memuviri. Pakati pemapfupa epubic kazhinji ine 2-4 masentimita yakafara.

Rudzi runonyanya kuoma runonzi cloacal exstrophy rinokanganisa ganda retsinga, majoini, nemucheto wese kamwechete. Izvi zvinoitika anenge 1 pamunhu 200,000 vakazvarwa uye zvinoda kurapwa kwakanyanya. Murudzi urwu, chikamu cheura intestine chinotaridzwawo, uye kungava nematambudziko nemucheto.

Rudzi runyoro ndiro epispadias pasina exstrophy. Pano, ganda retsinga rinoramba riri mukati memuviri, asi kuvhurwa kweurethra kuri panzvimbo isiriyo. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvibatanidzwa uye dzimwe nguva zvinoita kuti zviome kudzora mukaka, asi zviri nyore kurapa kupfuura bladder exstrophy yakazara.

Chii chinokonzera bladder exstrophy?

Bladder exstrophy inoitika mukati memavhiki ekutanga ekutanga kwekumimba apo muviri wemwana wako uri kuumbwa. Pakati pemavhiki echina ne gumi, chimwe chinhu chinokanganisa kukura kwakajairwa kworusvingo rwekumashure rwemudumbu neganda retsinga.

Chikonzero chaicho hachizivisike zvizere, asi vanachiremba vanofunga kuti zvinogona kunge zviri musanganiswa wezvinhu zvemajini nezvakatipoteredza. Hazvikonzerwi nechinhu chawakaita kana kusaita panguva yekuzvitakura - izvi zvakakosha kunzwisisa nekuti vabereki vazhinji vanoenzanisa ivo pachavo zvisina basa.

Heano zvinhu zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti zvinogona kuita kuti ichi chirwere chiitike:

• Kushanduka kwemajini kunokanganisa kuti rusvingo rwemudumbu runoumbwa sei
• Matambudziko nekutama kwemasero panguva yekukura kwetsika
• Kuyerera kweropa kwakanganiswa kunzvimbo yemudumbu iri kukura
• Zvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvinogona kunge zviripo, kunyange zvazvo zvakakosha zvisina kuzivikanwa

Kazhinji zviitiko zvinoitika zvisingatarisirwi, zvinoreva kuti zvinoitika zvisingatarisirwi pasina nhoroondo yemhuri. Mikana yekuve nemwana mumwe chete ane bladder exstrophy yakaderera kwazvo, kazhinji iri pasi pe 1 muzana 100.

Rini unofanira kuona chiremba nekuda kwe bladder exstrophy?

Bladder exstrophy kazhinji inoziviswa pakuzvarwa nekuti inoonekwa pakarepo. Kana mwana wako akaberekwa aine ichi chirwere, timu yako yekurapa ichave yatove iri kushanda uye ichikurudzira kurapa usati wabva kuchipatara.

Nekudaro, kana uri nepamuviri uye ultrasound yakajairwa isina kuona ichi chirwere, heano zviratidzo zvinoda kurapwa nekukurumidza mushure mekuberekwa. Dzimwe nguva chirwere hachioneke zvakanaka pane prenatal scans, kunyanya kana chiri chinyoro.

Unofanira kubata chiremba wako wevana pakarepo kana ukaona chero chitarisiko chisina kujairika chechikamu chemukati chemwana wako kana mudumbu repasi. Tenda pfungwa dzako - kana chimwe chinhu chichiita kunge chakasiyana nezvawakatarisira, zviri nani nguva dzose kubvunza.

Kune vana vakaita opresheni yekugadzirisa bladder exstrophy, unofanira kufona chiremba wako kana ukaona zviratidzo zvekuzara sekufamba kwemhepo, kuwedzera kutsvuka rakapoteredza nzvimbo dzekuvhiya, kana kubuda kwakasiyana. Kushanduka mumaitiro ekubuda kwemukaka kana kurwadziwa kwitsva kunofanirawo kukurudzira kufona timu yako yekurapa.

Ndeapi njodzi dze bladder exstrophy?

Kazhinji zviitiko zve bladder exstrophy zvinoitika zvisingatarisirwi, asi vatsvakurudzi vakaziva zvinhu zvishoma izvo zvinogona kuwedzera mikana zvishoma. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti aya ndiwo chete hukama - kuva nezvinhu zvine njodzi hazvirevi kuti mwana wako achaita ichi chirwere.

Ichi chirwere chakajairika muvakomana kupfuura vasikana, chinotapura anenge vakomana 2-3 kune musikana mumwe chete. Vana vachena vanoziviswa ne bladder exstrophy zvishoma pane vana vemamwe marudzi, kunyange zvazvo chirwere ichi chinoitika mumapoka ese erudzi nerudzi.

Zera rakakura reamai (kupfuura 35) rakabatanidzwa nekuwedzera kwemikana, asi uhu hukama hausi hwakasimba. Zvidzidzo zvimwe zvinoratidza kuti kurapwa kwekuzvara kunogona kunge kwakabatana nekuwedzera kwemikana ye bladder exstrophy, asi humbowo hahusi hwakasimba.

Kuva nenhoroondo yemhuri ye bladder exstrophy kunoita kuti mikana iwedzere, asi zviri zvishoma. Kana iwe kana shamwari yako wakaberekwa uine ichi chirwere, mukana wako wekuva nemwana ane chirwere ichi unenge 1 muzana 70, izvo zviri pamusoro pevanhu vakawanda asi zvichiri zvishoma.

Ndeapi matambudziko anogona kuitika e bladder exstrophy?

Kunyangwe bladder exstrophy iri nyore kurapa, inogona kukonzera matambudziko akawanda kana isina kutarisirwa zvakanaka. Kunzwisisa aya mikana kunokubatsira kushanda nechikwata chako chekurapa kudzivirira kana kugadzirisa pakutanga.

Kunetseka kukuru ndekudzivirira ganda retsinga rakazaruka kubva pakuzara nekukuvara. Ganda retsinga rinogona kukwenya, kuzvimba, kana kuzara nekuti rinowanzoonekwa nemhepo nemabhakitiriya. Ndosaka vanachiremba kazhinji vachikurudzira kuvhiya mukati memaawa makumi makumi maviri nemana ekutanga ehupenyu.

Heano matambudziko makuru anogona kuitika:

• Kuwedzera kwekuzara kwe urinary tract nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwakashata kwemukaka
• Kukuvadzwa kweitsinga kubva kumukaka uchibuda muitsinga
• Njodzi yekenza ye bladder, iyo iri yakakwira muvanhu vane bladder exstrophy (kunyange zvazvo zvichiri zvishoma)
• Matambudziko ekubereka muvarume nevakadzi nekuda kwekusiyana kwezvibatanidzwa
• Matambudziko e hip kubva kumafupa epubic akaparadzana achikanganisa kufamba
• Matambudziko epfungwa ane chekuita nemuviri uye kuvhiya kwakawanda
• Matambudziko ekudzora matumbo kana rectum ikakanganiswawo

Mashoko akanaka ndeawo kuti nekurapa kwakakodzera uye kuongororwa nguva dzose, kazhinji aya matambudziko anogona kudzivirirwa kana kurapwa zvakanaka. Vanhu vazhinji vane bladder exstrophy vanorarama upenyu hwakazara, hune hutano.

Bladder exstrophy inogona kudzivirirwa sei?

Zvinosuruvarisa, hapana nzira inozivikanwa yekudzivirira bladder exstrophy sezvo inoitika panguva yekukura kwepamuviri. Ichi chirwere chinoitika zvisingatarisirwi mune kazhinji zviitiko, uye hachikonzerwi nechinhu chakaitwa kana kusaitwa nevabereki.

Kutora folic acid usati watanga uye panguva yekutanga kwekumimba kunokurudzirwa nguva dzose kune vakadzi vose, sezvo zvinobatsira kudzivirira mamwe matambudziko ekuberekwa. Kunyange zvazvo zvisingadziviriri bladder exstrophy, zvinotsigira kukura kwakanaka kwese.

Kana uine nhoroondo yemhuri ye bladder exstrophy, genetic counseling usati watanga kuva nepamuviri inogona kukubatsira kunzwisisa njodzi dzako nezvinhu zvaunogona kuita. Mutariri anogona kutsanangura mikana yekuve nemwana ane chirwere ichi uye kukurukura nezve prenatal testing kana uchifarira.

Kurapwa kwenguva dzose nepamuviri ne ultrasound yakadzama inogona dzimwe nguva kuona bladder exstrophy usati waberekwa. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisingadziviriri chirwere ichi, kuziva pakutanga kunobvumira timu yako yekurapa kuronga kuberekwa nekurapa pakarepo, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza mhedzisiro yemwana wako.

Bladder exstrophy inoongororwa sei?

Bladder exstrophy kazhinji inoongororwa nenzira mbiri: usati waberekwa kuburikidza ne prenatal ultrasound kana pakarepo mushure mekuberekwa apo chirwere chinoonekwa. Nzira imwe neimwe ine nguva yayo uye nzira.

Kuongororwa kwe prenatal kunogona dzimwe nguva kuitika panguva ye ultrasound yakajairwa, kazhinji mushure memavhiki 15-20 ekutanga kwekumimba. Munhu anoita ultrasound anogona kuona kuti ganda retsinga harioneki panzvimbo yaro yakajairwa mukati me pelvis, kana kuti anogona kuona ganda retsinga rakazaruka pamudumbu remwana.

Nekudaro, kuziva kwe prenatal hakusi nguva dzose kunogoneka. Chirwere ichi chinogona kupotsa pane ultrasounds, kunyanya kana chiri chinyoro kana kana nzvimbo yemwana ichiomera kuona zvakanaka. Ndosaka mamwe mamiriro acho anoonekwa chete pakuzvarwa.

Mushure mekuberekwa, kuongororwa kunoitika pakarepo uye kunoonekwa. Timu yako yekurapa ichaongorora mwana wako zvizere uye inogona kuraira bvunzo dzakawanda dzakadai se:

• Ultrasound yeitsinga kuongorora chero matambudziko eitsinga ane chekuita
• X-rays kuona kuparadzana kwemapfupa epubic
• Bvunzo dzeropa kuongorora kushanda kweitsinga
• Genetic testing kana paine zviratidzo zesindromes

Timu yako yekurapa ichaongororawo huwandu hwechirwere ichi kuronga nzira yakanakisa yekurapa. Iyi kuongororwa kunoivabatsira kunzwisisa kuti ndeapi matunhu akakanganiswa uye kuti kuvhiya kuchaoma sei.

Kurapa kwe bladder exstrophy chii?

Kurapa kwe bladder exstrophy kunosanganisira kuvhiya, asi nguva uye nzira zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo emwana wako. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuendesa ganda retsinga mukati memuviri, kuvhara rusvingo rwemudumbu, uye kubatsira mwana wako kuwana kuenda kumukaka kwakajairwa uye kuzvidzora.

Vana vazhinji vanoda kuvhiya kwavo kwekutanga mukati memaawa 48-72 mushure mekuberekwa. Iyi nzira yekutanga, inonzi primary closure, inosanganisira kuisa ganda retsinga mukati memudumbu uye kuvhara pakati perusvingo rwemudumbu. Chiremba anoitawo kuti mapfupa epubic akaparadzana aswedere pedyo.

Mwana wako anogona kuoda kuvhiya kuwedzerwa sezvo vakakura. Kuvhiya kukuru kwechipiri kazhinji kunoitika pakati pemakore 2-4 kubatsira kuwana urinary continence (kukwanisa kuchengeta mukaka). Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kugadzira ganda retsinga itsva kana mamwe marongero kubatsira mwana wako kudzora mukaka.

Chirongwa chekurapa kazhinji chinosanganisira:

• Primary closure surgery mumazuva ekutanga ehupenyu
• Bladder neck reconstruction pakati pemakore 2-4
• Kuvhiya kwekugadzirisa zvibatanidzwa kuvandudza chitarisiko nebasa
• Zvinogona kuwedzerwa zvinhu zvekuzvidzora kana zvichidiwa
• Kuongororwa nguva dzose kuti uone kushanda kweitsinga nekukura

Vana vamwe vangada clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) kubvisa ganda retsinga rakazara. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuisa chubhu diki muganda retsinga kanopfuura kamwe pazuva, uye vana vazhinji vanodzidza kuita izvi ivo pachavo sezvo vakakura.

Nzira yekutarisira sei kumba panguva yekurapa kwe bladder exstrophy?

Kutarisira mwana ane bladder exstrophy kumba kunoda hanya yakakosha, asi kunoita kuti zvive zvakajairwa nekudzidzira. Timu yako yekurapa ichakudzidzisa zvese zvaunoda kuziva, uye uchave uine rutsigiro rwakawanda munzira.

Usati waita kuvhiya kwekutanga, uchafanira kudzivirira ganda retsinga rakazaruka nekukafukidza nefirimu yakajeka yepurasitiki uye kuichengeta yakanyorova ne saline solution. Muvhimi wako achakuratidza nzira chaiyo, uye iri nyore kupfuura zvinonzwika.

Mushure mekuvhiya, kutarisira maronda kunoita kuti zvive zvakakosha. Uchadzidza kuti ungachengeta sei nzvimbo dzekucheka dzakachena uye dzakaoma, tarisa zviratidzo zvekuzara, uye upe mishonga sezvakarayirwa. Vana vazhinji vanopora zvakanaka uye vanokurumidza kugadzirisa maitiro avo ekutarisira.

Heano zvinhu zvinowanzoitika pakutarisira kumba:

• Kuita mishonga yeantibiotic sezvakarayirwa kudzivirira urinary tract infections
• Kudzidza nzira dzek catheterization kana mwana wako achizvida
• Kuongorora zviratidzo zvekuzara sekufamba kwemhepo, kubuda kwakasiyana, kana kurwadziwa kwakawedzera
• Kuchengeta misangano yekutevera kuongorora maronda uye kufambira mberi
• Kuchengeta kuchena kwakanaka rakapoteredza zvibatanidzwa nenzvimbo dzekuvhiya
• Kukurudzira mabasa akajairika uchitevera chero miganho yekufamba

Mwana wako anogona kubatanidzwa mumabasa akajairika ehudiki. Kushambira kazhinji kunogona kuitwa mushure mekunge nzvimbo dzekuvhiya dzapora, uye mitambo yakawanda inogona kuitwa nemamwe marongero. Timu yako yekurapa ichakutungamira pane chero miganho chaiyo.

Ungagadzirira sei musangano wako nachiremba?

Kuagadzirira misangano kunokubatsira kuti uite zvakanyanya panguva yako nechikwata chekurapa uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti mhinduro dzako dzose dzakapindurwa. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru pakutarisira chirwere chakaoma se bladder exstrophy.

Nyora mibvunzo yako usati wasvika, sezvo zviri nyore kukanganwa zvinhu zvakakosha kana uri musangano. Chengeta bhuku kana runyorwa rwefoni rezviratidzo, shanduko, kana zvinhu zvawakacherechedza kubvira pakushanya kwapfuura.

Uya nerunyorwa rwemishonga yose inotorwa nemwana wako, kusanganisira madoses uye kuti vanoitora sei. Uyaiwo nechero mhedzisiro ye bvunzo dzichangobva kuitwa kana marekodhi kubva kune vamwe vanachiremba kana makashanyira nyanzvi kune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Funga kuuya nemhuri inotsigira kana shamwari kumisangano, kunyanya yekuronga kuvhiya. Vanogona kukubatsira kuyeuka ruzivo uye kupa rutsigiro rwepfungwa panguva yekukurukura nezve sarudzo dzekurapa.

Gadzirira mibvunzo yakakosha nezve kukura kwemwana wako, kuvhiya kwenguva yemberi, miganho yekufamba, uye tarisiro yehupenyu hurefu. Usazengurire kubvunza nezve chero chinhu chinokunetsa, pasinei nokuti chinogona kuita chidiki sei.

Chii chinonyanya kukosha nezve bladder exstrophy?

Bladder exstrophy chirwere chakakomba asi chinorapika zvikuru chinotapura vana kubva pakuzvarwa. Kunyange zvazvo ichida kuvhiya kwakawanda nekurapwa kwenguva dzose, vazhinji vevana vane ichi chirwere vanokura kuti vararame upenyu hwakazara, hune hutano, uye hunoshingaira.

Chinhu chakakosha chokuyeuka ndechekuti hausi wega munzira iyi. Mapoka ekurapa vana ane ruzivo rwakawanda pakurapa bladder exstrophy, uye kune mapoka anotsigira nezvinhu zviripo kubatsira mhuri kufamba nematambudziko.

Nekurapa kwakakodzera, vana vazhinji vanowana urinary continence yakanaka uye kushanda kwakanaka kweitsinga. Vanogona kubatanidzwa mumitambo, kupinda chikoro chakajairika, uye kutevera zviroto zvavo kufanana nechero mwana mumwe chete. Chinhu chikuru ndechekushanda pedyo nechikwata chako chekurapa uye kutevera chirongwa chekurapa.

Yeuka kuti rwendo rwemwana mumwe nemumwe rwakasiyana, uye mhedzisiro inoramba ichivandudzika sezvo nzira dzekurapa dzichivandudzika. Gara uine tariro, bvunza mibvunzo, uye farai kukunda duku munzira.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve bladder exstrophy

Mwana wangu ane bladder exstrophy anogona kuva nevana vake here rimwe zuva?

Hongu, vanhu vazhinji vane bladder exstrophy vanogona kuva nevana, kunyange zvazvo huwandu hwekubereka hungave hushoma pane avhareji. Varume kazhinji vane mhedzisiro yakanaka yekubereka kupfuura vakadzi, asi pamuviri inogoneka kune vakadzi vane bladder exstrophy.

Kuvhiya kwekugadzirisa zvibatanidzwa kunobatsira kuvandudza basa nechitarisiko, izvo zvinotsigira hukama hwepedyo hwakanaka. Timu yekurapa yemwana wako ichakukurukura nezve sarudzo dzekudzivirira kubereka kana zvakakodzera uye ichapindurwa mibvunzo nezve kuronga mhuri.

Mwana wangu achafanira kushandisa catheters nekusingaperi here?

Kwete zvakakosha. Vana vazhinji vane bladder exstrophy pakupedzisira vanowana continence pasina kuoda catheters, kunyanya nekurapa kwakabudirira kwe bladder neck reconstruction. Nekudaro, vana vamwe vanoda kushandisa clean intermittent catheterization.

Kana catheterization ichidiwa, vana vazhinji vanodzidza kuita ivo pachavo nekuenda kuchikoro. Kunova chikamu chakajairika chezuva ravo, zvakafanana nekushambidza mazino, uye hazvidziviriri kubatanidzwa mumabasa akajairika.

Mwana wangu achafanira kuvhiya kangani?

Vana vazhinji vanoda kuvhiya 2-4 kukuru, asi nhamba chaiyo inotsamira pane anatomy chaiyo yemwana wako uye kuti vanopindura sei kurapa. Kuvhiya kwekutanga kunoitika panguva yekuzvarwa, kunoteverwa nekuvhiya kwekuzvidzora pakati pemakore 2-4.

Kuvhiya kuwedzerwa kunogona kudiwa kwekugadzirisa zvibatanidzwa kana matambudziko akaitika. Timu yako yekuvhiya ichakukurukura nezve nguva yakatarisirwa uye kukubatsira kugadzirira nhanho imwe neimwe.

Bladder exstrophy inogona kuonekwa panguva yekuzvitakura here?

Dzimwe nguva, asi kwete nguva dzose. Bladder exstrophy inogona kuonekwa pane ultrasound yakadzama mushure memavhiki anenge 15-20 ekutanga kwekumimba, asi kazhinji inopotsa. Huwandu hwekuonekwa huri kuvandudzika ne ultrasound technology iri nani uye nyanzvi dzine ruzivo.

Kunyangwe zvaonekwa usati waberekwa, hazvichinji nzira yekurapa, asi zvinoita kuti mhuri igadzirire pfungwa uye zvinhu zvekutarisira zvinodiwa nemwana wavo.

Tarisiro yehupenyu hurefu yevana vane bladder exstrophy ndeyei?

Tarisiro yehupenyu hurefu yakanaka kwazvo nekurapa kwakakodzera. Vana vazhinji vanowana continence, vane kushanda kwakanaka kweitsinga, uye vanorarama upenyu hwakazara. Vanopinda chikoro chakajairika, vanobatanidzwa mumitambo, vanotevera mabasa avo, uye vane mhuri dzavo.

Kuongororwa nguva dzose nechikwata che urology kwakakosha muhupenyu hwese kuongorora kushanda kweitsinga nehutano hwemukaka. Nekurapa kwakanaka, vanhu vane bladder exstrophy vanogona kutarisira upenyu hurefu hwakanaka uye hupenyu hwakanaka.