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Kenza remuuropi chirwere chinokura chema cell mumuuropi kana pedyo nacho. Kenza remuuropi rinogona kuitika munyama yemuuropi. Kenza remuuropi rinogonawo kuitika pedyo nenyama yemuuropi. Nzvimbo dziri pedyo dzinosanganisira matsimba, gland ye pituitary, gland ye pineal, uye mamembranes anofukidza pamusoro pemuuropi.

Kenza remuuropi rinogona kutanga mumuuropi. Aya anonzi primary brain tumors. Dzimwe nguva, cancer inopararira kuuropi kubva kune dzimwe nharaunda dzemuviri. Aya matumors anonzi secondary brain tumors, anonziwo metastatic brain tumors.

Kenza remuuropi rinowanikwa kukura kubva kudiki kwazvo kusvika kukuru kwazvo. Mamwe makenza emuuropi anowanikwa kana ari madiki kwazvo nekuti anokonzera zviratidzo zvaunonzwa nekukurumidza. Mamwe makenza emuuropi anokura zvikuru usati awanikwa. Zvimwe zvikamu zvemuuropi hazvishandi sezvimwe. Kana kenza remuuropi richitanga muchikamu chemuuropi chisingashandi, haringakonzere zviratidzo nekukurumidza. Saizi yekenza remuuropi inogona kukura zvikuru usati wawana kenza.

Sarudzo dzekurapa kenza remuuropi zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekensa remuuropi raunaro, pamwe chete nehukuru hwaro nenzvimbo. Kurapa kwakajairika kunosanganisira kuvhiya nekurapa kwemwaranzi.

Kune marudzi mazhinji ekenza remuuropi. Rudzi rwekensa remuuropi runobva murudzi rwema cell anoumba kenza. Kuongororwa kwakasarudzika kwema cell ekensa kunogona kupa ruzivo nezvema cell. Timu yako yekuchengetedza hutano inoshandisa ruzivo urwu kuti iwane rudzi rwekensa remuuropi.

Mamwe marudzi ekenza remuuropi kazhinji haasi ekanser. Aya anonzi noncancerous brain tumors kana benign brain tumors. Mamwe marudzi ekenza remuuropi kazhinji anenge ari ekanser. Aya marudzi anonzi brain cancers kana malignant brain tumors. Mamwe marudzi ekenza remuuropi anogona kuva benign kana malignant.

Benign brain tumors kazhinji anenge ari makenza emuuropi anokura zvishoma nezvishoma. Malignant brain tumors kazhinji anenge ari makenza emuuropi anokura nekukurumidza.

Glioblastoma rudzi rwekanser rwechitanga muma cell anonzi astrocytes anotsigira nerve cells. Inogona kuumbwa mumuuropi kana muchipfuva.

Medulloblastoma rudzi rwekensa remuuropi rwechitanga muchikamu chemuuropi chinonzi cerebellum. Medulloblastoma rudzi rwakajairika rwekensa remuuropi rine cancer muvana.

Marudzi ekenza remuuropi anosanganisira:

  • Gliomas nekenza remuuropi dzakabatana. [Gliomas] zvirimwo zvezvinokura zvema cell zvinoita seglial cells. Glial cells inotenderedza uye inotsigira nerve cells munyama yemuuropi. Marudzi e gliomas nekenza remuuropi dzakabatana anosanganisira [astrocytoma], [glioblastoma], [oligodendroglioma] uye [ependymoma]. Gliomas inogona kuva benign, asi kazhinji inenge iri malignant. Glioblastoma rudzi rwakajairika rwekensa remuuropi rine malignant.
  • Choroid plexus tumors. Choroid plexus tumors inotanga muma cell anoita mvura inotenderedza muuropi nechipfuva. Mvura iyi inonzi cerebrospinal fluid. Choroid plexus tumors iri mumakamuri azere nemvura mumuuropi, anonzi ventricles. Choroid plexus tumors inogona kuva benign kana malignant. [Choroid plexus carcinoma] rudzi rwakaipa rwerudzi urwu rwekensa remuuropi. Inowanzoitika muvana.
  • Embryonal tumors. [Embryonal tumors] inotanga muma cell asara kubva pakukura kwe fetus. Ma cell, anonzi embryonal cells, anoramba ari mumuuropi mushure mekuberekwa. Embryonal tumors ndiwo makenza emuuropi ane malignant anowanzoitika muvana vaduku. Rudzi rwakajairika rwe embryonal tumor ndiro [medulloblastoma]. Kazhinji inowanikwa muchikamu chekumashure kwemuuropi, chinonzi cerebellum.
  • Germ cell tumors. [Germ cell tumors] inotanga muma cell anobereka, anonzi germ cells, anozobva aita sperm ne egg cells. Germ cells kazhinji iri mu ovaries ne testicles. Asi dzimwe nguva iri mune dzimwe nharaunda dzemuviri, kusanganisira muuropi. Kana germ cell tumors ichitika mumuuropi, kazhinji inowanikwa pedyo negland ye pineal kana gland ye pituitary. Germ cell tumors kazhinji inenge iri benign. Inowanzoitika muvana.
  • Pineal tumors. Pineal tumors inotanga mukati nekumativi egland ye pineal yemuuropi. Gland ye pineal iri pakati pemuuropi. Inoumba hormone inonzi melatonin inobatsira pakurara. Pineal tumors inogona kuva benign kana malignant. [Pineoblastoma] rudzi rwakaipa rwe pineal tumor rwakajairika muvana.
  • Meningiomas. [Meningiomas] ndiwo makenza emuuropi anotanga mumamembranes ari kumativi emuuropi nechipfuva. Meningiomas kazhinji inenge iri benign, asi dzimwe nguva inogona kuva malignant. Meningiomas rudzi rwakajairika rwekensa remuuropi rine benign.
  • Nerve tumors. Nerve tumors zvirimwo zvinokura zvinoitika mukati nekumativi ematsimba. Rudzi rwakajairika rwekuti rwitike mumusoro ndiro [acoustic neuroma], rinonziwo schwannoma. Iyi benign tumor iri pamutsimba mukuru unobatanidza nzeve yemukati nemuuropi.
  • Pituitary tumors. Kenza remuuropi rinogona kutanga mukati nekumativi egland ye pituitary. Iyi gland duku iri pedyo nepakati pemuuropi. Kazhinji matumors anoitika mukati nekumativi egland ye pituitary anenge ari benign. [Pituitary tumors] inoitika mugland ye pituitary pachayo. [Craniopharyngioma] rudzi rwekensa remuuropi rwekuti rwitike pedyo negland ye pituitary.
  • Mamwe makenza emuuropi. Marudzi mazhinji ematumors asingawanzoitika anogona kuitika mukati nekumativi emuuropi. Matumors anogona kutanga mumasumbu, ropa, uye connective tissue kumativi emuuropi. Matumors anogona kuumbwa mumapfupa emuromo. Malignant brain tumors inogona kutanga kubva kuma cell ekurwisa chirwere mumuropi. Rudzi urwu rwekensa remuuropi runonzi primary central nervous system lymphoma.
Zviratidzo

Zviratidzo nezvikonzero zvekenza remuuropi zvinoenderana nehukuru hwekenza remuuropi nenzvimbo yaro. Zviratidzo zvinogona zvakare kuenderana nekukurumidza kukura kwekenza remuuropi, izvo zvinonziwo giredhi rekenza.

Zviratidzo zvakajairika nezvikonzero zvinokonzerwa nekenza remuuropi zvinogona kusanganisira:

  • Kurwadziwa kwemusoro kunowanzoitika uye kunoita kunge kuri kukomba.
  • Kurwadziwa kwemusoro kunonzi dzimwe nguva kurwadziwa kwemusoro kwetension kana migraine.
  • Kusvotwa kana kurutsa.
  • Matambudziko emaziso, akadai sekusawona zvakanaka, kuona zvinhu kaviri kana kurasikirwa nekuona kumativi emuonero wako.
  • Kurasikirwa nekunzwa kana kufamba muruoko kana gumbo.
  • Matambudziko ekururamisa.
  • Matambudziko ekukurukura.
  • Kunzwa kuneta kwazvo.
  • Kusanzwisisika mune zvinhu zvezuva nezuva.
  • Matambudziko ekurangarira.
  • Kunetseka kutevera mirairo iri nyore.
  • Kushanduka kwehunhu kana maitiro.
  • Kuita zvekuvhiringika, kunyanya kana pasina nhoroondo yekuvhiringika.
  • Matambudziko ekuteerera.
  • Kunzwa kusinganzwisisiki kana kunzwa kuti nyika iri kutenderera, izvo zvinonziwo vertigo.
  • Kunzwa nzara kwazvo uye kuwedzera uremu.

Kenza remuuropi risiri kenza rinowanzoita kuti zviratidzo zvikure zvishoma nezvishoma. Kenza remuuropi risiri kenza rinonziwo kenza remuuropi risina ngozi. Rinogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvishoma izvo usingazvioni pakutanga. Zviratidzo zvinogona kuipa zvishoma nezvishoma kwemwedzi kana makore.

Kenza remuuropi rine kenza rinoita kuti zviratidzo zviwedzere nekukurumidza. Kenza remuuropi rine kenza rinonziwo kenza remuuropi kana kenza remuuropi rine ngozi. Rinoita kuti zviratidzo zvibude kamwe kamwe. Zvinoipa mukati memaawa kana mavhiki.

Kurwadziwa kwemusoro kunokonzerwa nekenza remuuropi kazhinji kunonyanya kuipa kana wamuka mangwanani. Asi kunogona kuitika chero nguva. Vamwe vanhu vane kurwadziwa kwemusoro kunovamutsa pakurara. Kurwadziwa kwemusoro kwekenza remuuropi kunowanzoita kuti kurwadziwa kuwedzere kana kukosora kana kushandisa simba. Vanhu vane kenza remuuropi kazhinji vanoti kurwadziwa kwemusoro kunonzwa sekurwadziwa kwemusoro kwetension. Vamwe vanhu vanoti kurwadziwa kwemusoro kunonzwa semigraine.

Kenza remuuropi riri kumashure kwemusoro rinogona kukonzera kurwadziwa kwemusoro nekurwadziwa kwemutsipa. Kana kenza remuuropi riri pamberi pemusoro, kurwadziwa kwemusoro kunogona kunzwa sekurwadziwa kwemaziso kana kurwadziwa kwesinus.

Rimwe nerimwe divi reuropi rako rine lobes ina. Frontal lobe inokosha kune mabasa ekufunga uye kudzora kufamba kwepamoyo kana chiitiko. Parietal lobe inoshanda ruzivo nezvetembiricha, kuravira, kubata nekufamba, nepo occipital lobe iri kunyanya kubata nekuona. Temporal lobe inoshanda ndangariro, ichisanganisa nekunzwa kuravira, kurira, kuona nekubata.

Chikamu chikuru cheuropi chinonzi cerebrum. Kenza remuuropi mune zvikamu zvakasiyana zve cerebrum rinogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakasiyana.

  • Kenza remuuropi riri pamberi peuropi. Frontal lobes dziri pamberi peuropi. Dzinodzora kufunga nekufamba. Kenza remuuropi re frontal lobe rinogona kukonzera matambudziko ekururamisa uye kunetseka kufamba. Kunogona kunge kune kushanduka kwehunhu, sekukanganwa uye kushaikwa kwechido mumabasa akajairika. Dzimwe nguva nhengo dzemhuri dzinonzwa kuti munhu ane kenza remuuropi anoita kunge akasiyana.
  • Kenza remuuropi riri pakati peuropi. Parietal lobes dziri pamusoro pepakati peuropi. Dzinobatsira pakugadzirisa ruzivo nezvekubata, kuravira, kunhuhwirira, kuona nekuteerera. Kenza remuuropi re parietal lobe rinogona kukonzera matambudziko ane chekuita nekunzwa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira matambudziko ekuona nematambudziko ekuteerera.
  • Kenza remuuropi riri kumashure kweuropi. Occipital lobes dziri kumashure kweuropi. Dzinodzora kuona. Kenza remuuropi re occipital lobe rinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nekuona.
  • Kenza remuuropi riri pasi peuropi. Temporal lobes dziri kumativi eeuropi. Dzinogadzirisa ndangariro nekunzwa. Kenza remuuropi re temporal lobe rinogona kukonzera matambudziko ekurangarira. Rinogona kuita kuti munhu aone, arave kana kunhuhwirira chimwe chinhu chisingaonekwi. Dzimwe nguva kuravira kana kunhuhwirira kunenge kusina kunaka kana kusina kujairika.
Nguva yekunoona chiremba

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Zvinokonzera

Zvirwere zvehuropi zvinotanga sekuwanda kwema cell muuropi zvinonzi zvirwere zvehuropi zvepakutanga. Zvinogona kutanga zvakananga muuropi kana mune tishu dziri pedyo. Tishu dziri pedyo dzinogona kusanganisira mamembranes anofukidza huropi, anonzi meninges. Zvirwere zvehuropi zvinogonawo kuitika munervs, pituitary gland ne pineal gland.

Zvirwere zvehuropi zvinoitika kana ma cell ari muuropi kana pedyo nehuropi akaita shanduko muDNA yavo. DNA ye cell ine mirairo inoudza cell kuti iite chii. Shanduko idzodzo dzinoudza ma cell kuti akure nekukurumidza uye arambe achirarama apo ma cell ane hutano angafa sezvikamu zvehupenyu hwavo hwakajairwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nema cell akawanda muuropi. Ma cell anogona kuumba kukura kunonzi tumor.

Hazvina kujeka kuti chii chinokonzera shanduko dzeDNA dzinoita kuti pave nezvirwere zvehuropi. Kune vazhinji vane zvirwere zvehuropi, chikonzero hachizivikanwi. Dzimwe nguva vabereki vanopfuudza shanduko dzeDNA kuvana vavo. Shanduko idzodzo dzinogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuve nezvirwere zvehuropi. Aya maronda ehuropi anowanzova mashoma. Kana uine nhoroondo yemhuri yezvirwere zvehuropi, taura nezvazvo nemunyanzvi wehutano hwako. Ungafunga kusangana nemunyanzvi wehutano akadzidziswa mu genetics kunzwisisa kana nhoroondo yemhuri yako ichiwedzera njodzi yako yekuve nezvirwere zvehuropi.

Kana zvirwere zvehuropi zvikaitika kuvana, zvinowanzova zvirwere zvehuropi zvepakutanga. Muvakuru, zvirwere zvehuropi zvinowanzova kenza yakavamba kune imwe nzvimbo uye yakapararira kuuropi.

Brain metastases inoitika kana kenza ikatanga kune imwe nzvimbo mumuviri uye ikapararira (metastasizes) kuuropi.

Zvirwere zvehuropi zvechipiri zvinoitika kana kenza ikatanga kune imwe nzvimbo uye ikapararira kuuropi. Kana kenza ikapararira, inonzi metastatic cancer.

Kenza chero ipi zvayo inogona kupararira kuuropi, asi marudzi akajairika anosanganisira:

  • Kenza yemazamu.
  • Kenza yecolon.
  • Kenza yeitsvo.
  • Kenza yepfupa.
  • Melanoma.

Hazvina kujeka kuti nei dzimwe kenza dzichipararira kuuropi uye dzimwe dzichiwanzo pararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Zvirwere zvehuropi zvechipiri zvinowanzoitika kune vanhu vane nhoroondo yekenza. Zvishoma, chirwere chehuropi chinogona kuva chiratidzo chekutanga chekenza yakavamba kune imwe nzvimbo mumuviri.

Muvakuru, zvirwere zvehuropi zvechipiri zvakawanda kupfuura zvirwere zvehuropi zvepakutanga.

Zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi

Mukuru wevanhu vane zvirwere zveuropi zvikuru, chikonzero hachizivikanwi. Asi vanachiremba vakawana zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi.

Zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi zvinosanganisira:

  • Age. Zvirwere zveuropi zvinogona kuitika pazera ripi zvaro, asi zvinowanzoitika muvakuru vakwegura. Zvimwe zvirwere zveuropi zvinonyanya kukanganisa vakuru. Zvimwe zvirwere zveuropi zvinowanzoitika muvana.
  • Rudzi. Munhu wese anogona kuwana chirwere cheuropi. Asi mamwe marudzi ezvirwere zveuropi anowanzowanikwa muvanhu vemhando dzakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, gliomas inowanzowanikwa muvanhu vatsvene. Meningiomas inowanzowanikwa muvanhu vatema.
  • Kuonekwa nekuvheneka. Vanhu vakatarisana nerudzi rwakasimba rwekuvheneka vane njodzi yakawedzera yechirwere cheuropi. Iyi kuvheneka kwakasimba kunonzi ionizing radiation. Kuvheneka kwakasimba zvakakwana kukonzera shanduko yeDNA mumasero emuviri. Shanduko yeDNA inogona kukonzera zvirwere nezvirwere. Mienzaniso yekuvheneka ionizing inosanganisira kurapwa kwekuvheneka kunoshandiswa kurapa kenza nekutaridzwa kwekuvheneka kwakakonzerwa nemabhomba eatomu.

Kuvheneka kwepasi-pasi kubva pazvinhu zvezuva nezuva hakubatanidzwi nezvirwere zveuropi. Mapoka akaderera ekuvheneka anosanganisira simba rinobva kumafoni nemafungu eradio. Hapana humbowo hunogutsa hwokuti kushandisa mafoni kunokonzera zvirwere zveuropi. Asi zvidzidzo zvakawanda zviri kuitika kuti zvive nechokwadi.

  • Zvirwere zvinowanikwa zvinowedzera njodzi yechirwere cheuropi. Shanduko dzeDNA dzinoita kuti njodzi yechirwere cheuropi iwedzere dzinoenderera mumhuri. Mienzaniso inosanganisira shanduko dzeDNA dzinoita kuti neurofibromatosis 1 ne2, tuberous sclerosis, Lynch syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Von Hippel-Lindau disease, familial adenomatous polyposis, Cowden syndrome, neGorlin syndrome zviitike.
Kudzivirira

Hapana nzira yekudzivirira zvirwere zveuropi. Kana ukawana chirwere cheuropi, hauna kuita chero chinhu chakakonzera. Vanhu vane njodzi yakawedzera yechirwere cheuropi vangafunga bvunzo dzekuongorora. Kuongorora hakuna kudzivirira chirwere cheuropi. Asi kuongorora kungabatsira kuwana chirwere cheuropi kana chiri chidiki uye kurapwa kune mukana mukuru wekubudirira. Kana uine nhoroondo yemhuri yechirwere cheuropi kana zvirwere zvinowanikwa zvinowedzera njodzi yechirwere cheuropi, taura nezvazvo neanokupa utano hwako. Ungafunga kusangana neanopa mazano pane zvekurasika kana mumwe anokupa utano akarovedzwa muzvidzidzo zvemagene. Munhu uyu anogona kukubatsira kunzwisisa njodzi yako uye nzira dzekuidzora. Semuenzaniso, ungafunga bvunzo dzekuongorora chirwere cheuropi. Kuongorora kungasanganisira bvunzo yemifananidzo kana bvunzo yemishonga yemanyorero kuongorora kuona kwako, kunzwa, kuenzana, kugadzikana uye reflexes.

Kuongorora

Bhokisi iyi ine mifananidzo yakaitwa neMRI inoratidza meningioma. Meningioma iyi yakakura zvokusundira mukati memusoro. Mifananidzo yehuropi Kana chiremba wenyu achifunga kuti mungave nekenza yehuropi, muchaida bvunzo dzakawanda nemabatiro kuti muve nechokwadi. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:

  • Kuongororwa kwehuropi. Kuongororwa kwehuropi kunotarisa zvikamu zvakasiyana zvehuropi kuti uone kuti zviri kushanda sei. Kuongororwa uku kunogona kusanganisira kuongorora kuona kwako, kunzwa, kuenzana, kugadzikana, simba uye reflexes. Kana uine dambudziko munzvimbo imwe kana kupfuura, iyi ndiyo nzira yekuti chiremba wenyu azive. Kuongororwa kwehuropi hakubvumiri kenza yehuropi. Asi kunobatsira chiremba wenyu kunzwisisa kuti chii chikamu chehuropi chacho chingave chine dambudziko.
  • CT scan ye musoro. Computed tomography scan, inonziwo CT scan, inoshandisa X-rays kuita mifananidzo. Inowanikwa zvakanyanya, uye mhinduro dzinodzoka nekukurumidza. Saka CT inogona kuva bvunzo yekutanga yemifananidzo inoitirwa kana uine zvirwere zvekukwenya musoro kana zvimwe zviratidzo zvine zvikonzero zvakawanda. CT scan inogona kuona matambudziko ari mukati nekunze kwehuropi hwako. Mhinduro dzinokupa chiremba wenyu mazano ekusarudza bvunzo yekuita inotevera. Kana chiremba wenyu achifunga kuti CT scan yako inoratidza kenza yehuropi, ungada MRI yehuropi.
  • PET scan yehuropi. Positron emission tomography scan, inonziwo PET scan, inogona kuona mamwe makensa ehuropi. PET scan inoshandisa tracer inobudiswa inoiswa mumutsinga. Tracer inofamba ne ropa uye inobatanidza kumasero ekensa ehuropi. Tracer inoita kuti masero ekensa amire kunze pamifananidzo yakatorwa nePET muchina. Masero ari kuparadzaniswa uye kuwanda nekukurumidza achaatora tracer yakawanda.

PET scan inogona kubatsira zvikuru pakutsvaga makensa ehuropi ari kukura nekukurumidza. Mienzaniso inosanganisira glioblastomas nemamwe oligodendrogliomas. Makensa ehuropi anokura zvishoma anogona kusawanikwa paPET scan. Makensa ehuropi asiri kenza anowanzo kukura zvishoma, saka PET scans haina kubatsira zvakanyanya pakenza yehuropi isina kenza. Hapasi munhu wese ane kenza yehuropi anoda PET scan. Bvunza chiremba wenyu kana uchida PET scan.

  • Kuunganidza sampuli yetsinga. Brain biopsy ibatiro yekubvisa sampuli yetsinga yekenza yehuropi kuti iongororwe murabhoritari. Kazhinji chiremba anosvika sampuli panguva yekuvhiya kubvisa kenza yehuropi.

Kana kuvhiya kusina kukwanisika, sampuli inogona kubviswa ne tsono. Kubvisa sampuli yetsinga yekenza yehuropi netsono kunoitirwa nebatiro inonzi stereotactic needle biopsy.

Panguva yebatiro iyi, gomba duku rinopfurwa muhuro. Tsono yakatetepa inoiswa mugomba. Tsono inoshandiswa kutora sampuli yetsinga. Bvunzo dzemifananidzo senge CT neMRI zvinoshandiswa kuronga nzira yetsono. Hauzonzwisisi chero chinhu panguva yebiopsy nekuti mishonga inoshandiswa kunyorovesa nzvimbo. Kazhinji unogamuchirawo mushonga unokuisira mumamiriro ekurara kwakafanana kuti usazivi.

Ungave ne needle biopsy panzvimbo pekuvhiya kana timu yako yekuchengetedza hutano ichitya kuti kuvhiya kungakuvadza chikamu chakakosha chehuropi hwako. Tsono inogona kudikanwa kubvisa tsinga kubva pakenza yehuropi kana kenza iri munzvimbo yakaoma kusvika nekuvhiya.

Brain biopsy ine njodzi yematambudziko. Njodzi dzinosanganisira kubuda ropa muhuropi nekuvadza tsinga dzehuropi.

  • Kuongorora sampuli yetsinga murabhoritari. Sampuli yebiopsy inotumirwa ku laboritari kuti iongororwe. Bvunzo dzinogona kuona kana masero ari kenza kana kuti asiri kenza. Nzira yekutarisa masero pasi pemikroskopu inogona kuudza timu yako yekuchengetedza hutano kuti masero ari kukura nekukurumidza sei. Izvi zvinonzi grade yehuropi kenza. Bvunzo dzimwe dzinogona kuwana kuti shanduko dzeDNA dziripo mumasero. Izvi zvinobatsira timu yako yekuchengetedza hutano kugadzira chirongwa chako chekurapa.

MRI yehuropi. Magnetic resonance imaging, inonziwo MRI, inoshandisa magineti ane simba kugadzira mifananidzo yemukati memuviri. MRI inowanzo shandiswa kuona makensa ehuropi nekuti inoratidza huropi zvakajeka kupfuura bvunzo dzimwe dzemifananidzo.

Kazhinji dye inoiswa mumutsinga weruoko usati waita MRI. Dye inoita mifananidzo yakajeka. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuona makensa madiki. Inogona kubatsira timu yako yekuchengetedza hutano kuona musiyano uri pakati pekensa yehuropi netsinga dzehuropi dzakajairika.

Dzimwe nguva unoda rudzi rwakakosha rweMRI kugadzira mifananidzo yakadzama. Muenzaniso mumwe ndeye functional MRI. MRI iyi yakakosha inoratidza kuti zvikamu zvipi zvehuropi zvinodzora kutaura, kufamba nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha. Izvi zvinobatsira chiremba wenyu kuronga kuvhiya nemamwe kurapa.

Bvunzo imwe yakakosha yeMRI ndeye magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Bvunzo iyi inoshandisa MRI kuyera mazinga emishonga yakati mumasero ekensa. Kuve nehuwandu hwakawanda kana hushoma hwemishonga kunogona kuudza timu yako yekuchengetedza hutano nezve rudzi rwekensa yehuropi yaunayo.

Magnetic resonance perfusion imwe bvunzo yakakosha yeMRI. Bvunzo iyi inoshandisa MRI kuyera huwandu hweropa muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvekenza yehuropi. Zvikamu zvekenza zvine huwandu hwakawanda hweropa zvinogona kuva zvikamu zvinoshanda zvikuru zvekenza. Timu yako yekuchengetedza hutano inoshandisa ruzivo urwu kuronga kurapwa kwako.

PET scan yehuropi. Positron emission tomography scan, inonziwo PET scan, inogona kuona mamwe makensa ehuropi. PET scan inoshandisa tracer inobudiswa inoiswa mumutsinga. Tracer inofamba ne ropa uye inobatanidza kumasero ekensa ehuropi. Tracer inoita kuti masero ekensa amire kunze pamifananidzo yakatorwa nePET muchina. Masero ari kuparadzaniswa uye kuwanda nekukurumidza achaatora tracer yakawanda.

PET scan inogona kubatsira zvikuru pakutsvaga makensa ehuropi ari kukura nekukurumidza. Mienzaniso inosanganisira glioblastomas nemamwe oligodendrogliomas. Makensa ehuropi anokura zvishoma anogona kusawanikwa paPET scan. Makensa ehuropi asiri kenza anowanzo kukura zvishoma, saka PET scans haina kubatsira zvakanyanya pakenza yehuropi isina kenza. Hapasi munhu wese ane kenza yehuropi anoda PET scan. Bvunza chiremba wenyu kana uchida PET scan.

Kuunganidza sampuli yetsinga. Brain biopsy ibatiro yekubvisa sampuli yetsinga yekenza yehuropi kuti iongororwe murabhoritari. Kazhinji chiremba anosvika sampuli panguva yekuvhiya kubvisa kenza yehuropi.

Kana kuvhiya kusina kukwanisika, sampuli inogona kubviswa ne tsono. Kubvisa sampuli yetsinga yekenza yehuropi netsono kunoitirwa nebatiro inonzi stereotactic needle biopsy.

Panguva yebatiro iyi, gomba duku rinopfurwa muhuro. Tsono yakatetepa inoiswa mugomba. Tsono inoshandiswa kutora sampuli yetsinga. Bvunzo dzemifananidzo senge CT neMRI zvinoshandiswa kuronga nzira yetsono. Hauzonzwisisi chero chinhu panguva yebiopsy nekuti mishonga inoshandiswa kunyorovesa nzvimbo. Kazhinji unogamuchirawo mushonga unokuisira mumamiriro ekurara kwakafanana kuti usazivi.

Ungave ne needle biopsy panzvimbo pekuvhiya kana timu yako yekuchengetedza hutano ichitya kuti kuvhiya kungakuvadza chikamu chakakosha chehuropi hwako. Tsono inogona kudikanwa kubvisa tsinga kubva pakenza yehuropi kana kenza iri munzvimbo yakaoma kusvika nekuvhiya.

Brain biopsy ine njodzi yematambudziko. Njodzi dzinosanganisira kubuda ropa muhuropi nekuvadza tsinga dzehuropi.

Grade yekenza yehuropi inopiwa kana masero ekensa aongororwa murabhoritari. Grade inoudza timu yako yekuchengetedza hutano kuti masero ari kukura uye kuwanda nekukurumidza sei. Grade inobva pane maitiro ekuona masero pasi pemikroskopu. Grades dzinosvika kubva pa1 kusvika ku4.

Grade 1 kenza yehuropi inokura zvishoma. Masero haasi akasiyana zvakanyanya nemasero ari pedyo. Sezvo grade iri kukwira, masero anopfuura kuchinja kuitira kuti atange kutaridzika zvakasiyana. Grade 4 kenza yehuropi inokura nekukurumidza. Masero haataridziki senge masero ari pedyo akasikwa.

Hapana matanho ekensa yehuropi. Mamwe marudzi ekensa ane matanho. Kune mamwe marudzi ekensa, danho rinotsanangura kuti kenza yakakura sei uye kana yakapararira. Makensa ehuropi nemakensa ehuropi hazviparariri, saka haana matanho.

Timu yako yekuchengetedza hutano inoshandisa ruzivo rwose kubva kubvunzo dzako dzekuongorora kunzwisisa prognosis yako. Prognosis ndeyekuti kenza yehuropi inogona kurapwa sei. Zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa prognosis kune vanhu vane makensa ehuropi zvinosanganisira:

  • Rudzi rwekensa yehuropi.
  • Kukurumidza kwekukura kwekensa yehuropi.
  • Kwenga kwekensa yehuropi iri muhuropi.
  • Shanduko dzeDNA dziripo mumasero ekensa yehuropi.
  • Kana kenza yehuropi inogona kubviswa zvachose nekuvhiya.
  • Hutano hwako hwese nekunaka kwako.

Kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve prognosis yako, kurukura nazvo timu yako yekuchengetedza hutano.

Kurapa

Kurapa ganda remuuropi kunoenderana nekuti ganda iri ganda rekenza yemuuropi kana kuti harisi ganda rekenza, rinonziwo ganda remuuropi risina ngozi. Nzira dzekurapa dzinoenderanawo nerudzi, saizi, giredhi, nenzvimbo yeganda remuuropi. Sarudzo dzinogona kusanganisira kuvhiya, kurapwa kwemwaranzi, radiosurgery, chemotherapy, nekurapwa kwakatarwa. Paunofunga nezvesarudzo dzako dzekurapa, timu yako yekuchengetedza utano inofungawo nezveutano hwako hwese nezvaunoda. Kurapa kungasave kwakakosha pakarepo. Ungasade kurapwa pakarepo kana ganda rako remuuropi riri diki, risina ngozi, uye harisi kupinza zviratidzo. Maganda madiki, asingakuvadzi emuuropi angasakurira kana kuti angakurira zvishoma zvokuti haazombokonzeri matambudziko. Ungave nekuongororwa kweMRI yemuuropi kanokwana katatu pagore kuti uone kukura kwe ganda remuuropi. Kana ganda remuuropi rikakura nekukurumidza kupfuura zvaitarisirwa kana kuti ukawana zviratidzo, ungada kurapwa. Mukuvhiya kwe endoscopic transsphenoidal transnasal, chishandiso chekuvhiya chinowanikwa kuburikidza nehuro uye pamwe chete ne septum yemhino kuti uwane ganda repituitary. Chinangwa chekuvhiya ganda remuuropi ndechekubvisa masero ese eganda. Ganda harigoni kubviswa zvachose nguva dzose. Kana zvichibvira, chiremba anoita basa re kubvisa ganda remuuropi sezvinogona kuitwa zvakachengeteka. Kuvhiya kubvisa ganda remuuropi kunogona kushandiswa kurapa kenza yemuuropi nemaganda emuuropi asingakuvadzi. Mamwe maganda emuuropi madiki uye ari nyore kuaparadzanisa kubva kune tishu dzemuuropi dzakapoteredza. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kubviswa zvachose. Mamwe maganda emuuropi haagoni kuaparadzaniswa kubva kune tishu dzakapoteredza. Dzimwe nguva ganda remuuropi riri pedyo nechikamu chakakosha chemuuropi. Kuvhiya kunogona kuva ngozi munzvimbo iyi. Chiremba angabvisa ganda rakawanda sezvinenge zvakachengeteka. Kubvisa chikamu cheganda remuuropi dzimwe nguva kunonzi subtotal resection. Kubviswa kwechikamu cheganda rako remuuropi kunogona kubatsira kuderedza zviratidzo zvako. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuita kuvhiya kubvisa ganda remuuropi. Sarudzo ipi iri nani kwauri kunoenderana nemamiriro ako ezvinhu. Mienzaniso yemhando dzekuvhiya ganda remuuropi inosanganisira:

  • Kubvisa chikamu chebwe remuromo kuti usvike paganda remuuropi. Kuvhiya kwemuuropi kunosanganisira kubvisa chikamu chebwe remuromo kunonzi craniotomy. Ndizvo zvakawanda zvekuvhiya kubvisa ganda remuuropi zvinoitwa. Craniotomy inoshandiswa kurapa kenza yemuuropi nemaganda emuuropi asingakuvadzi. Chiremba anoita kacheka pahuma rako. Ganda nemisungo zvinobviswa. Zvadaro chiremba anoshandisa drill kuti acheke chikamu chebhonzo remuromo. Bhonzo rinobviswa kuti rive nechigaro chekuwana muuropi. Kana ganda riri mukati meuropi, chishandiso chingashandiswa kuti chichengete tishu dzemuuropi dzakachengeteka. Ganda remuuropi rinochekwa nemidziyo yakasarudzika. Dzimwe nguva lasers inoshandiswa kuparadza ganda. Panguva yekuvhiya, unowana mushonga wekunyorovesa nzvimbo yacho kuitira kuti urege kunzwa chero chinhu. Unopiwawo mushonga unokupa iwe mamiriro ekurara panguva yekuvhiya. Dzimwe nguva unomutswa panguva yekuvhiya kwemuuropi. Izvi zvinonzi kuvhiya kwemuuropi kwakamutswa. Paunomutswa, chiremba angabvunza mibvunzo uye aongorore basa remuuropi rako sezvaunopindura. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza njodzi yekukuvadza zvikamu zvakakosha zvemuuropi. Kana kuvhiya kubvisa ganda kwapera, chikamu chebhonzo remuromo chinodzoserwa panzvimbo.
  • Kushandisa chubhu refu, yakakora kuti usvike paganda remuuropi. Kuvhiya kwemuuropi kweEndoscopic kunosanganisira kuisa chubhu refu, yakakora muuropi. Chubhu inonzi endoscope. Chubhu ine akatevedzana ema lenses kana kamera diki inotumira mifananidzo kuchiremba. Midziyo yakasarudzika inoiswa kuburikidza nechubhu kuti ibvise ganda. Kuvihiya kwemuuropi kweEndoscopic kazhinji kunoshandiswa kurapa maganda epituitary. Maganda aya anokura kumashure kwe nasal cavity. Chubhu refu, yakakora inoiswa kuburikidza nemhino uye sinuses uye mukati memuuropi. Dzimwe nguva kuvhiya kwemuuropi kweEndoscopic kunoshandiswa kubvisa maganda emuuropi mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuuropi. Chiremba angashandisa drill kuita gomba mubhonzo remuromo. Chubhu refu, yakakora inoiswa zvakanyatsonaka mukati metishu dzemuuropi. Chubhu inoramba ichifamba kusvika yasvika paganda remuuropi. Kubvisa chikamu chebwe remuromo kuti usvike paganda remuuropi. Kuvhiya kwemuuropi kunosanganisira kubvisa chikamu chebwe remuromo kunonzi craniotomy. Ndizvo zvakawanda zvekuvhiya kubvisa ganda remuuropi zvinoitwa. Craniotomy inoshandiswa kurapa kenza yemuuropi nemaganda emuuropi asingakuvadzi. Chiremba anoita kacheka pahuma rako. Ganda nemisungo zvinobviswa. Zvadaro chiremba anoshandisa drill kuti acheke chikamu chebhonzo remuromo. Bhonzo rinobviswa kuti rive nechigaro chekuwana muuropi. Kana ganda riri mukati meuropi, chishandiso chingashandiswa kuti chichengete tishu dzemuuropi dzakachengeteka. Ganda remuuropi rinochekwa nemidziyo yakasarudzika. Dzimwe nguva lasers inoshandiswa kuparadza ganda. Panguva yekuvhiya, unowana mushonga wekunyorovesa nzvimbo yacho kuitira kuti urege kunzwa chero chinhu. Unopiwawo mushonga unokupa iwe mamiriro ekurara panguva yekuvhiya. Dzimwe nguva unomutswa panguva yekuvhiya kwemuuropi. Izvi zvinonzi kuvhiya kwemuuropi kwakamutswa. Paunomutswa, chiremba angabvunza mibvunzo uye aongorore basa remuuropi rako sezvaunopindura. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza njodzi yekukuvadza zvikamu zvakakosha zvemuuropi. Kana kuvhiya kubvisa ganda kwapera, chikamu chebhonzo remuromo chinodzoserwa panzvimbo. Kushandisa chubhu refu, yakakora kuti usvike paganda remuuropi. Kuvhiya kwemuuropi kweEndoscopic kunosanganisira kuisa chubhu refu, yakakora muuropi. Chubhu inonzi endoscope. Chubhu ine akatevedzana ema lenses kana kamera diki inotumira mifananidzo kuchiremba. Midziyo yakasarudzika inoiswa kuburikidza nechubhu kuti ibvise ganda. Kuvihiya kwemuuropi kweEndoscopic kazhinji kunoshandiswa kurapa maganda epituitary. Maganda aya anokura kumashure kwe nasal cavity. Chubhu refu, yakakora inoiswa kuburikidza nemhino uye sinuses uye mukati memuuropi. Dzimwe nguva kuvhiya kwemuuropi kweEndoscopic kunoshandiswa kubvisa maganda emuuropi mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuuropi. Chiremba angashandisa drill kuita gomba mubhonzo remuromo. Chubhu refu, yakakora inoiswa zvakanyatsonaka mukati metishu dzemuuropi. Chubhu inoramba ichifamba kusvika yasvika paganda remuuropi. Kuvihiya kubvisa ganda remuuropi kune njodzi yemhedzisiro nekuoma. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira hutachiona, kubuda ropa, ropa rinogwamba, nekuvadza tishu dzemuuropi. Njodzi dzimwe dzinogona kuenderana nechikamu chemuuropi kwaari ganda riri. Semuenzaniso, kuvhiya paganda riri pedyo nemitsipa inobatanidza maziso kunogona kuva nenjodzi yekurasikirwa nekuona. Kuvhiya kubvisa ganda pane tsinga inodzora kunzwa kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nekunzwa. Kurapwa kwemwaranzi kwemaganda emuuropi kunoshandisa ma beam ane simba kuti auraye masero eganda. Simba rinogona kubva ku-X-rays, protons, nezvimwewo. Kurapwa kwemwaranzi kwemaganda emuuropi kazhinji kunobva muchina uri kunze kwemuviri. Izvi zvinonzi external beam radiation. Zvisingawanzoitika, mwaranzi inogona kuiswa mukati memuviri. Izvi zvinonzi brachytherapy. Kurapwa kwemwaranzi kunogona kushandiswa kurapa kenza yemuuropi nemaganda emuuropi asingakuvadzi. External beam radiation therapy kazhinji inoitirwa kurapwa kwenguva pfupi kwezuva nezuva. Chirongwa chekurapwa chinowanzoita kuti uve nekurapwa kwemwaranzi mazuva mashanu pavhiki kwemavhiki maviri kusvika matanhatu. External beam radiation inogona kunangidzira chete nzvimbo yemuuropi kwaari ganda riri, kana kuti inogona kushandiswa kune muuropi wako wese. Vanhu vakawanda vane ganda remuuropi vachava nemwaranzi inonangidzirwa munzvimbo iri pedyo neganda. Kana paine maganda mazhinji, muuropi wese ungada kurapwa kwemwaranzi. Kana muuropi wese uchirapwa, zvinonzi whole-brain radiation. Whole-brain radiation kazhinji inoshandiswa kurapa kenza inopararira kuuropi kubva kune imwe chikamu chemuviri uye inoumba maganda mazhinji muuropi. Traditionally, radiation therapy uses X-rays, asi fomu itsva yekurapwa uku inoshandisa simba kubva ku protons. Proton beams inogona kunangidzirwa zvakanyatsonaka kuti ikuvadze masero eganda chete. Zvinogona kunge zvisingakuvadze tishu dzakapoteredza dzakachengeteka. Proton therapy inogona kubatsira kurapa maganda emuuropi muvana. Inogona kubatsirawo kurapa maganda ari pedyo nezvikamu zvakakosha zvemuuropi. Proton therapy haisipo munzvimbo dzakawanda se traditional X-ray radiation therapy. Mhedzisiro yekurapwa kwemwaranzi kwemaganda emuuropi kunoenderana nerudzi nedose yemwaranzi yaunowana. Mhedzisiro inowanzoitika inoitika panguva yekurapwa kana kuti pashure pake ndeyekuneta, kurwadziwa kwemusoro, kurasikirwa nekuyeuka, kukwakuka kwepurazi, nekurasikirwa nevhudzi. Dzimwe nguva mhedzisiro yekurapwa kwemwaranzi inoonekwa makore mazhinji gare gare. Mhedzisiro iyi inogona kusanganisira matambudziko ekuyeuka nekufunga. Tekinoroji yeStereotactic radiosurgery inoshandisa gamma rays diki kuti ipe dose yakarurama yemwaranzi kune chinangwa. Stereotactic radiosurgery yemaganda emuuropi imhando ine simba yekurapwa kwemwaranzi. Inonangidzira ma beam emwaranzi kubva kunzvimbo dzakawanda paganda remuuropi. Beam imwe neimwe haina simba rakawanda. Asi poindi kwaanosangana ma beam anowana dose yakakura kwazvo yemwaranzi inouraya masero eganda. Radiosurgery inogona kushandiswa kurapa kenza yemuuropi nemaganda emuuropi asingakuvadzi. Kune marudzi akasiyana etekinoroji anoshandiswa mu radiosurgery kupa mwaranzi kurapa maganda emuuropi. Mimwe mienzaniso inosanganisira:
  • Linear accelerator radiosurgery. Linear accelerator machines anonziwo LINAC machines. LINAC machines anozivikanwa nezita ravo rebrand, sekunge CyberKnife, TrueBeam nezvimwewo. Muchina weLINAC unonangidzira ma beam ane simba akagadzirwa zvakanyatsonaka rimwe nerimwe kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana. Ma beam anoitwa ne-X-rays.
  • Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Muchina weGamma Knife unonangidzira ma beam maduku emwaranzi panguva imwe chete. Ma beam anoitwa ne gamma rays.
  • Proton radiosurgery. Proton radiosurgery inoshandisa ma beam anoitwa ne protons. Iri rudzi rutsva rwe radiosurgery. Iri kuita kuti ive yakajairika asi haisipo muma hospital ese. Radiosurgery kazhinji inoitirwa kurapwa kumwe kana kurapwa kushoma. Unogona kudzokera kumba mushure mekurapwa uye haufanire kugara muchipatara. Mhedzisiro ye radiosurgery inosanganisira kunzwa kuneta kwazvo uye kuchinja kwe ganda pahuma rako. Ganda remusoro rako rinogona kunzwa rakaoma, richikwakuka, uye rakasimba. Ungave nemaronda paganda kana kurasikirwa nevhudzi. Dzimwe nguva kurasikirwa nevhudzi kunogara kwenguva refu. Chemotherapy yemaganda emuuropi inoshandisa mishonga ine simba kuparadza masero eganda. Mishonga yeChemotherapy inogona kunyurwa kana kuiswa mumutsinga. Dzimwe nguva mushonga we chemotherapy unoiswa mukati metishu dzemuuropi panguva yekuvhiya. Chemotherapy inogona kushandiswa kurapa kenza yemuuropi nemaganda emuuropi asingakuvadzi. Dzimwe nguva inoitirwa panguva imwe chete nekurapwa kwemwaranzi. Mhedzisiro yeChemotherapy kunoenderana nerudzi nedose yemishonga yaunowana. Chemotherapy inogona kukonzera kusvotwa, kurutsa, nekurasikirwa nevhudzi. Kurapwa kwakatarwa kwemaganda emuuropi kunoshandisa mishonga inorwisa zvinhu zvakatarwa zviri mukati memasero eganda. Nekuvhara zvinhu izvi, kurapwa kwakatarwa kunogona kukonzera masero eganda kuti afe. Mishonga yekurapwa kwakatarwa iripo kune mamwe marudzi ekensa yemuuropi nemaganda emuuropi asingakuvadzi. Masero eganda rako remuuropi anogona kuyedzwa kuti aone kana kurapwa kwakatarwa kuchizokubatsira. Mushure mekurapwa, ungada rubatsiro kuti udzore basa rechikamu chemuuropi chaive neganda. Ungada rubatsiro pakufamba, kutaura, kuona, nekufunga. Zvichienderana nezvaunoda, mudzidzisi wako wekuchengetedza utano angakurudzira:
  • Physical therapy kukubatsira kudzorera hunyanzvi hwakarasika kana simba retsinga.
  • Occupational therapy kukubatsira kudzokera kumabasa ako ezuva nezuva, kusanganisira basa.
  • Speech therapy kukubatsira kana kutaura kuri kuoma.
  • Tutoring for school-age children kukubatsira kubata nezvinhu zvakachinja mukuyeuka kwavo nekufunga kwavo. Nyorera mahara uye uwane zvakanyanya pamusoro pekurapwa kwe ganda remuuropi, kuongororwa, nekuvhiya. link iri mu email. Kutsvakurudza kushoma kwakaitwa pamusoro pekurapa kwemaganda emuuropi kwakawedzerwa uye kwakasiyana. Hapana kurapwa kwakawedzerwa kwakaratidzwa kuti kunorapisa maganda emuuropi. Zvisinei, kurapwa kwakawedzerwa kunogona kukubatsira kubata nekushushikana kwekuongororwa kwe ganda remuuropi. Mimwe mishonga yakawedzerwa inogona kukubatsira kubata inosanganisira:
  • Art therapy.
  • Exercise.
  • Meditation.
  • Music therapy.
  • Relaxation exercises. Taura netimu yako yekuchengetedza utano nezvesarudzo dzako. Vanhu vamwe vanoti kuongororwa kwe ganda remuuropi kunonzwa kwakanyanya uye kunotyisa. Zvinogona kukupa iwe manzwiro okuti une simba shoma pakuchengetedza utano hwako. Zvinogona kubatsira kutora matanho kunzwisisa mamiriro ako ezvinhu uye kutaura nezvemanzwiro ako. Funga kuedza:
  • Kudzidza zvakakwana nezvemaganda emuuropi kuti uite sarudzo pamusoro pekuchengetedza kwako. Bvunza mudzidzisi wako wekuchengetedza utano nezverudzi rwako rweganda remuuropi. Bvunza nezvesarudzo dzako dzekurapa uye, kana uchida, prognosis yako. Sezvaunodzidza zvakawanda nezvemaganda emuuropi, unogona kunzwa zviri nani pamusoro pekuita sarudzo dzekurapa. Tsvaga ruzivo kubva kune zvinyorwa zvakavimbika, sekunge American Cancer Society neNational Cancer Institute.
  • Chengeta shamwari nemhuri pedyo. Kuchengeta hukama hwako hwepedyo hwakasimba kuchizokubatsira kubata neganda rako remuuropi. Shamwari nemhuri vanogona kupa rutsigiro rwakakosha rwunoda, sekubatsira kuchengeta imba yako kana uri muchipatara. Uye vanogona kushanda serutsigiro rwemanzwiro kana uchinzwa wakanyanya nekukuvadzwa nekensa.
  • Tsvaga munhu wekutaura naye. Tsvaga munhu akanaka anoda kukuteerera uchitaura nezvetariro nehutu hwako. Izvi zvinogona kuva shamwari, nhengo yemhuri kana nhengo yechechi. Bvunza timu yako yekuchengetedza utano kuti ikurudzire mushandi wekurapa kana mushandi wemagariro aunogona kutaura naye. Bvunza timu yako yekuchengetedza utano nezvemapoka ekutsigira ganda remuuropi munzvimbo yako. Zvinogona kubatsira kudzidza kuti vamwe vari munzvimbo imwechete newe vari kubata sei nematambudziko akaoma ezvekurapa. Tsvaga munhu wekutaura naye. Tsvaga munhu akanaka anoda kukuteerera uchitaura nezvetariro nehutu hwako. Izvi zvinogona kuva shamwari, nhengo yemhuri kana nhengo yechechi. Bvunza timu yako yekuchengetedza utano kuti ikurudzire mushandi wekurapa kana mushandi wemagariro aunogona kutaura naye. Bvunza timu yako yekuchengetedza utano nezvemapoka ekutsigira ganda remuuropi munzvimbo yako. Zvinogona kubatsira kudzidza kuti vamwe vari munzvimbo imwechete newe vari kubata sei nematambudziko akaoma ezvekurapa.

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