Bronchiolitis

Mumapfupa ako, nzira huru dzemhepo, dzinonzi bronchi, dzinopararira kuita nzira diki nediki. Nzira diki kwazvo dzemhepo, dzinonzi bronchioles, dzinotungamira kumabhegi maduku emhepo anonzi alveoli.

Bronchiolitis chirwere chepfuura chemapapu chinojairika kuvana vaduku nevana vacheche. Chinoita kuti pave nekukura nekutsamwa nekukohwa kwemucus munzira diki dzemhepo dzemapapu. Nzira idzi diki dzemhepo dzinonzi bronchioles. Bronchiolitis kazhinji inokonzerwa nehutachiona.

Bronchiolitis inotanga nechiratidzo zvakafanana nechirwere chechando. Asi zvino zvinoita zvakanyanya kuipa, zvichikonzera kukosora nekubuda kwemhepo ine ruzha rwakakwirira inonzi wheezing. Dzimwe nguva vana vane dambudziko rekufema. Zviratidzo zveBronchiolitis zvinogona kugara kwevhiki 1 kusvika ku2 asi dzimwe nguva zvinogona kugara kwenguva refu.

Vana vazhinji vanorapa nekutarisirwa kumba. Vana vashoma vanoda kurapwa muchipatara.

'Kumamazuva mashomanana ekutanga, zviratidzo zvebronchiolitis zvakafanana nechirwere chekutonhora: Nhengo inoyerera. \nNhengo yakazvimba. \nKukosora. \nDzimwe nguva kupisa kuri nyoro. Gare gare, mwana wako angave nevhiki kana kupfuura achishanda zvakanyanya kupfuura zvaakajaira kufema, izvo zvinogona kusanganisira wheezing. Vacheche vazhinji vane bronchiolitis vanewo chirwere chetsinga chinonzi otitis media. Kana zviratidzo zvikaoma, fonera chiremba wemwana wako. Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru kana mwana wako aine makore asingasviki 12 kana aine mamwe njodzi dzebronchiolitis — semuenzaniso, kuzvarwa kare kwazvo, kunonziwo premature, kana kuva nechirwere chemwoyo. Tsvaga rubatsiro rwekurapa nekukurumidza kana mwana wako akaita chero chimwe chezviratidzo izvi: Ane ganda rebhuruu kana grey, miromo nemisumari nekuda kwekushomeka kweokisijeni. \nAnotambudzika kufema uye haakwanisi kutaura kana kurira. \nAnoramba kunwa zvakakwana, kana kufema nekukurumidza kwazvo kudya kana kunwa. \nAno fema nekukurumidza kwazvo — muvana vaduku izvi zvinogona kuva kupfuura 60 kufema muminiti — nekufema kwengudu, kwepasi. \nHaakwanisi kufema nyore uye mativi anoita sekunge ari kukweva mukati kana achi fema. \nAnoita inzwi rewheezing kana achi fema. \nAnoita ruzha rwekugomera nerumwe rwekufema. \nAnoita sekunge ari munonoka kufamba, asina simba kana aneta kwazvo.'

Kana zviratidzo zvikava zvakakomba, fonera chiremba wevana vako. Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru kana mwana wako aine pasi pemavhiki gumi nemaviri ekuberekwa kana ane mamwe njodzi dzebronchiolitis — semuenzaniso, kuberekwa kare kwazvo, kunonziwo kusakwana, kana kuva nechirwere chemwoyo. Tsvaka rubatsiro rwekurapa nekukurumidza kana mwana wako akaita chero rimwe remazviratidzo aya:

• Ane ganda, miromo nemisumari yebhuruu kana grey nekuda kwekushomeka kweokisijeni.
• Anotambudzika kufema uye haakwanisi kutaura kana kuchema.
• Anoramba kunwa zvakakwana, kana kufema nekukurumidza kwazvo zvekuti haakwanisi kudya kana kunwa.
• Anokanda mweya nekukurumidza kwazvo — muvana vaduku izvi zvinogona kuva kupfuura kufema makumi matanhatu muminiti — nemweya michecheche, isina kudzika.
• Haakwanisi kufema nyore uye mativi anoita kunge achinyura mukati kana achifema.
• Anoita inzwi rekuchema kana achifema.
• Anoita ruzha rwekuchema nerumwe rwekufema.
• Anoita kunge ari munonoka kufamba, asina simba kana aneta kwazvo.

Bronchiolitis inoitika kana hutachiona hwemuviri hwakapinda mu bronchioles, idzo dziri nzira diki kwazvo dzemhepo mumapapu. Hutachiona hunoita kuti bronchioles zvimbomere uye zvipinde. Mvura inoungana munzira idzi dzemhepo, izvo zvinoita kuti kuyerera kwemhepo kuende nekudzoka mumapapu kuve kwakaoma.

Bronchiolitis kazhinji inokonzerwa ne respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). RSV ndiro hutachiona hunowanzoitika hunopinda muvana vose nemakore maviri okuberekwa. Kupararira kwehutachiona hwe RSV kazhinji kunoitika mumwedzi inotonhora yegore mune dzimwe nzvimbo kana nguva yemvura mune dzimwe. Munhu anogona kuwana kupfuura kamwe chete. Bronchiolitis inogonawo kukonzerwa nemamwe mavhairasi, kusanganisira ayo anoita kuti pave nechirwere chepfuura kana kutonhora kwakajairika.

Virusi zvinoita kuti pave nebronchiolitis zviri nyore kupararira. Unogona kuwana kuburikidza nemadonhwe emhepo kana munhu ane chirwere akakotsa, akasvosve kana kutaura. Unogonawo kuwana nekubata zvinhu zvakagovaniswa — zvakadai sedishes, doorknobs, matauro kana zvinhu zvekutamba — uye wobva wabata maziso ako, mhuno kana muromo.

Bronchiolitis inowanzoita vana vari pasi pemakore maviri. Vacheche vane makore mashoma kupfuura matatu vane njodzi yakanyanya yekubatwa nebronchiolitis nekuti mapapu avo nesimba rekudzivirira hutachiona hazvina kukura zvizere. Zvisingawanzoitiki, vakuru vanogona kubatwa nebronchiolitis.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinoita kuti njodzi ye bronchiolitis iwedzere muvana vaduku nezvidiki zvinosanganisira:

• Kuzvarwa kare kwazvo.
• Kuva nechirwere chepfungwa kana mapapu.
• Kuva nesimba rekuzvidzivirira rakasimba. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviome kurwisa hutachiona.
• Kuva pedyo nekusvuta fodya.
• Kusangana nevana vakawanda, sekunge uri mukuchengetwa kwevana.
• Kupedza nguva munzvimbo dzakazara.
• Kuva nehama dzinofamba kuchikoro kana kuwana mabasa ekutarisira vana uye dzinotakura hutachiona pamba.

Zvinetso zvinogona kukonzerwa nebronchiolitis yakakomba zvinosanganisira:

• Oxygen shoma mumuviri.
• Kufema kuchimira, izvi zvinowanzoitika kuvana vakaberekerwa vasati vasvika nguva yavo uye vana vane pasi pemwedzi miviri.
• Kusakwanisa kunwa mvura yakakwana. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuoma kwemuviri, kana muviri wakarasikirwa nemvura yakawanda.
• Kusakwanisa kuwana oxygen yakakwana. Izvi zvinonzi respiratory failure.

Kana chimwe chezvinhu izvi chikaitika, mwana wenyu angada kurapwa muchipatara. Respiratory failure yakakomba inogona kuda kuti chubhu ipinzwe mumhepo yepamuromo. Izvi zvinobatsira mwana wenyu kufema kusvika kufeya kwacho kwapora.

Kuva zvirwere zvinotapukira bronchiolitis zvinopararira kubva kune munhu kuenda kune mumwe munhu, imwe yenzira dzakanakisa dzekuita kuti urege kutapukirwa ndeyekugeza maoko ako kazhinji. Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru usati wabata mwana wako kana uine chikosoro, chimfene kana chirwere chimwe chero chipi zvacho chinogona kupararira. Kana uine chero chimwe chezvirwere izvi, pfeka mask. Kana mwana wako ane bronchiolitis, chengeta mwana wako kumba kusvikira chirwere chapera kuti udzivise kuparadzira kune vamwe. Kuti ukubatsire kudzivirira hutachiona:

• Deredza kusangana nevanhu vane fivha kana chikosoro. Kana mwana wako ari mwana mudiki, kunyanya mwana akaberekwa asati asvika nguva, dzivisa kuva pedyo nevanhu vane zvirwere. Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru mwedzi miviri yekutanga yehupenyu.
• Chenesa uye uchenese nzvimbo. Chenesa uye uchenese nzvimbo nezvinhu zvinowanzo batwa nevanhu, senge zvinhu zvekutamba nemabhanditi emagedhi. Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru kana nhengo yemhuri ichirwara.
• Geza maoko kazhinji. Geza maoko ako kazhinji uye emwana wako. Geza neshampo nemvura kwemasekondi angangoita makumi maviri. Chengeta sanitizer yemaoko ine ariki iripo kuti uishandisa kana uri kure neimba. Ita shuwa kuti ine ariki inosvika 60%.
• Fukidza kukosora nekuhwina. Fukidza muromo wako nehana ne tishu. Rasa tishu. Wobva wageza maoko ako. Kana mvura neshampo zvisiripo, shandisa sanitizer yemaoko. Kana usina tishu, kosora kana kuhwina muhudyu hwako, kwete pamaoko ako.
• Shandisa girazi rako rekunwa. Usagovana magirazi nevamwe, kunyanya kana mumwe munhu wemhuri yako arwara.
• Cheka mwana wako, kana zvichibvira. Zvirwere zvekufema hazviwanzoitika kuvana vanochekwa. MuU.S., respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera bronchiolitis nemapneumonia kuvana vane pasi pegore rimwe chete. Sarudzo mbiri dzekuzvidzivirira dzinogona kubatsira kudzivirira vacheche kubva pakutambura neRSV yakakomba. Zvose zvinokurudzirwa neAmerican Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, nevamwe. Iwe nemunyanzvi wehutano hwako munofanira kukurukura kuti ndeipi sarudzo iri nani yekudzivirira mwana wako:
• Chigadzirwa cheantibody chinonzi nirsevimab (Beyfortus). Ichi chigadzirwa cheantibody chiboshwe chedose rimwe chete chinoitwa mwedzi usati waenda kana uri munguva yeRSV. Iri re vana vacheche neavo vane pasi pemwedzi misere vakaberekwa kana kupinda munguva yavo yekutanga yeRSV. MuU.S., nguva yeRSV kazhinji inove kubva munaNovember kusvika munaMarch, asi inochinja muFlorida, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam nedzimwe nzvimbo dzePacific Island dzeU.S.
• Nirsevimab inofanirawo kupiwa kuvana vane mwedzi misere kusvika ku19 vane njodzi yakakura yekurwara kwakakomba kweRSV kuburikidza nechikamu chavo chechipiri cheRSV. Zvikonzero zvine njodzi yakakura zvinosanganisira:

• Vana vane chirwere chemapapu chine nguva refu kubva pakuberekwa kare (prematurely).
• Vana vane sisitimu yekudzivirira yakasimba.
• Vana vane cystic fibrosis yakakomba.
• Vana veAmerican Indian kana Alaska Native.

• Vana vane chirwere chemapapu chine nguva refu kubva pakuberekwa kare (prematurely).
• Vana vane sisitimu yekudzivirira yakasimba.
• Vana vane cystic fibrosis yakakomba.
• Vana veAmerican Indian kana Alaska Native.
• Jekiseni revakadzi vane pamuviri. FDA yakabvumira jekiseni reRSV rinonzi Abrysvo re vakadzi vane pamuviri kudzivirira RSV kuvana kubva pakuberekwa kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu yezera. Jekiseni rimwe chete reAbrysvo rinogona kupiwa kubva mavhiki makumi matatu nemaviri kusvika kumavhiki makumi matatu nemitanhatu nepamuviri kubva munaGunyana kusvika munaJanuary muU.S. Abrysvo haina kukurudzirwa kuvana vacheche kana vana.
• Vana vane chirwere chemapapu chine nguva refu kubva pakuberekwa kare (prematurely).
• Vana vane sisitimu yekudzivirira yakasimba.
• Vana vane cystic fibrosis yakakomba.
• Vana veAmerican Indian kana Alaska Native. Mumazviitiko asingawanzoitika, kana nirsevimab isingawanikwi kana mwana asingakodzeri, chimwe chigadzirwa cheantibody chinonzi palivizumab chinogona kupiwa. Asi palivizumab inoda maboshwe emwedzi nemwedzi anoitwa munguva yeRSV, nepo nirsevimab iri jekiseni rimwe chete. Palivizumab haina kukurudzirwa kuvana vane hutano kana vakuru. Zvirwere zvimwe zvinogona kukonzera bronchiolitiswo. Izvi zvinosanganisira COVID-19 neinfluenza kana chimfene. Kuwana jekiseni reCOVID-19 nechimfene gore rega rega kunokurudzirwa kune munhu wese ane makore anopfuura mitanhatu.

Chiremba wehutano hwemwana wenyu kazhinji anogona kuona bronchiolitis kuburikidza nezviratidzo uye kunzwa mapapu emwana wenyu ne stethoscope.

Kuongororwa uye X-rays kazhinji hazvidiwi pakuziona bronchiolitis. Asi chiremba wemwana wenyu angakurudzira bvunzo kana mwana wenyu ari panjodzi yebronchiolitis yakakomba, kana zviratidzo zvichitowedzera kuipa kana chiremba achifunga kuti pane chimwe dambudziko.

Kuongororwa kunogona kusanganisira:

• Chest X-ray. Chest X-ray inogona kuratidza kana paine zviratidzo zvemapapu.
• Kuongororwa kwehutachiona. Sampuli yemucus kubva mumhino yemwana wenyu inogona kushandiswa kuongorora hutachiona hunokonzera bronchiolitis. Izvi zvinoitwa uchishandisa swab inoiswa zvinyoro nyoro mumhino.
• Kuongororwa kweropa. Dzimwe nguva, kuongororwa kweropa kunogona kushandiswa kuongorora huwandu hwemasero machena eropa emwana wenyu. Kuwedzera kwemasero machena eropa kazhinji chiratidzo chekuti muviri uri kurwisa hutachiona. Kuongororwa kweropa kunogonawo kuratidza kana huwandu hwemhepo mumuviri wemwana wenyu hwakaderera.

Chidzidzo chemwana wenyu chingatarisa zviratidzo zvekushaya mvura mumuviri, kunyanya kana mwana wenyu aramba kunwa kana kudya kana ari kurutsa. Zviratidzo zvekushaya mvura mumuviri zvinosanganisira muromo wakaoma neganda, kuneta kwakanyanya, uye kuita wee wee shoma kana kusaita zvachose.

Bronchiolitis inowanzo kutorwa mavhiki 1 kusvika ku2 asi zviratidzo dzimwe nguva zvinogara kwenguva refu. Vana vakawanda vane bronchiolitis vanogona kutarisirwa kumba nezviyero zvekufadza. Zvakakosha kuva akarinda nezvinetso zvekufema zviri kuipa. Semuenzaniso, kurwisana nefema rega rega, kusakwanisa kutaura kana kuchema nekuda kwekurwisana nekufema, kana kuita ruzha rwekunyomba nefema rega rega. Nekuti hutachiona hwehutachiona hunokonzera bronchiolitis, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya — inoshandiswa kurapa hutachiona hunokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya — haishande pane hutachiona. Hutachiona hwemabhakitiriya senge chibayiro kana hutachiona hwenzeve zvinogona kuitika pamwe chete nebronchiolitis. Muchiitiko chino, mushandi wehutano hwemwana wako anogona kupa mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya wehutachiona hwemabhakitiriya. Mishonga inonzi bronchodilators inovhura nzira dzekufema haionekwi kubatsira bronchiolitis, saka kazhinji haipiwi. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, mushandi wehutano hwemwana wako anogona kuedza kurapwa kwe nebulized albuterol kuona kana kuchibatsira. Panguva yekurapa uku, muchina unoita fodya yakapfava yemushonga iyo mwana wako anofema mumapapu. Mishonga yeOral corticosteroid uye kurova pachipfuva kuzorodza mvura, kurapwa kunonzi chest physiotherapy, hazvina kuratidzwa kuti zvinobudirira kune bronchiolitis uye hazvikurudzirwi. Kurapwa muchipatara Nhamba shoma yevana inogona kuda kugara muchipatara. Mwana wako anogona kugamuchira oksijeni kuburikidza nemucheka wechiso kuti awane oksijeni yakakwana muropa. Mwana wako anogona zvakare kuwana mvura kuburikidza nemuvengi kudzivirira kuoma kwemuviri. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, chubhu inogona kutungamirwa mumhepo yekufema kubatsira kufema. Kumbira nguva yokuzviwonera