Zvirwere Zvemwoyo Zvakaberekwa Nazvo: Zviratidzo, Zvinokonzera, Uye Kurapwa

Zvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo ndizvo matambudziko emuviri wemwoyo anoumbwa usati mwana aberekwa. Aya mamiriro anoitika kana mwoyo usingaundwe zvakanaka mukati memavhiki masere ekutanga ekumakuva, zvichiita kuti ropa rifambe sei kuburikidza nemwoyo kuenda kune muviri wose.

Kana uri mubereki ari kusangana nekurapwa uku, hausi wega. Anenge 1 kubva muvana 100 anoberekwa ane rudzi rwemwoyo, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yezvikanganiso zvakajairika zvekuzvarwa. Mashoko akanaka ndeawo kuti vana vazhinji vane zvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo vanorarama hupenyu hwazvo hwese, hwemashandiro nekuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera kwechiremba.

Chii chinonzi zvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo?

Zvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo ndizvo matambudziko emuviri wemwoyo aripo kubva pakuzvarwa. Shoko rokuti "zvakaberekwa nazvo" zvinoreva chimwe chinhu chaunoberekwa nacho, uye aya makanganiso anoitika kana mwoyo usingakuriri zvakanaka panguva yekuzvitakura.

Mwoyo wemwana wako anotanga kuumbwa pakutanga kwazvo kwekumakuva, anenge pavhiki rechitatu. Panguva ino yakakosha, mwoyo unochinja kubva chubhu chakareruka kuenda kumutumbi wakaoma une makamuri mana, mavaire, uye midziyo mikuru yeropa. Dzimwe nguva iyi nzira haina kuenda sezvakarongwa.

Aya makanganiso anogona kubva kumatambudziko akareruka ausingambokonzi aite zviratidzo kusvika kune mamiriro akaoma anoda kutarisirwa kwechiremba pakarepo. Vamwe vana vanoda kuvhiyiwa pakarepo, nepo vamwe vasingade kurapwa kusvika vakura, kana dzimwe nguva zvachose.

Ndeapi marudzi ezvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo?

Zvirwere zvemwoyo kazhinji zvinowira muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru zvichienderana nekuti zvinoita sei kuti ropa rifambe. Kunzwisisa aya marudzi kunogona kukubatsira kunzwisisa mamiriro chaiwo emwana wako.

Maburi mumwoyo ndiwo marudzi akajairika. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Atrial septal defect (ASD) - buri riri pakati pemakamuri epamusoro emwoyo
• Ventricular septal defect (VSD) - buri riri pakati pemakamuri ari pasi
• Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) - kana mudziyo weropa unofanira kuvharwa mushure mekuberekwa uchiramba wakavhurika

Kuumbwa kwakadzika kweropa kunoitika kana mavaire emwoyo, arteries, kana veins zvakamanikana. Mienzaniso yakajairika inosanganisira:

• Pulmonary stenosis - kuomarara kwevaire inotungamira kumapfupa
• Aortic stenosis - kuomarara kwevaire inotungamira kumusoro
• Coarctation of the aorta - kuomarara kwemudziyo mukuru unotakura ropa kumusoro

Kukura kwakasiyana kwemidziyo yeropa kunosanganisira mamiriro akaoma apo midziyo mikuru yeropa haiuumbi zvakanaka. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira midziyo yakachinjwa, yakashayikwa, kana yakabatana zvisina kunaka.

Mamwe makanganiso asingawanzoitika asi akakomba anosanganisira hypoplastic left heart syndrome, uko divi rekuruboshwe remwoyo risingakuriri zvakanaka, uye tetralogy of Fallot, iyo inosanganisira matambudziko mana emwoyo akasiyana-siyana achiitika pamwe chete.

Ndeapi zviratidzo zve zvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo?

Zviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nerudzi uye kukomba kwemwoyo. Vamwe vana vanoratidza zviratidzo pakarepo mushure mekuberekwa, nepo vamwe vasingave nezviratidzo kwemwedzi kana kunyange makore.

Muvana vachangoberekwa nevana vaduku, unogona kuona aya maratidzo anogona kuratidza dambudziko remwoyo:

• Ganda rebhuruu kana rakarembera, miromo, kana misumari (inodaidzwa kuti cyanosis)
• Kufema kukurumidza kana kuoma, kunyanya panguva yekudyisa
• Kudya kwakaipa kana kutora nguva yakareba kupedza mabhodhoro
• Kukura kwakaipa kunyange zvazvo uchidyisa zvakakwana
• Kuneta nyore panguva yekudyisa kana kutamba
• Kuwedzera kwekubuda kwemukaka, kunyanya panguva yekudyisa

Sezvo vana vakura, zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira kubuda mweya nekukurumidza panguva yekutamba, kuva nesimba shoma kupfuura vamwe vana vezera ravo, kana kuzvimba mumakumbo avo, tsoka, kana kumativi emaziso avo.

Vamwe vana vane zvirwere zvishoma zvemoyo vangave vasina zviratidzo zvachose. Mamiriro avo angangowanikwa chete panguva yekutarisa kwakajairika kana chiremba achinzwa ruzha rusingawanzoitika rwemwoyo runonzi murmur.

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mazhinji emamiriro aya ane zvimwe zvinokonzerawo. Kana ukaona chero rimwe remamiriro aya, zvakakosha kutaura navo nachiremba wemwana wako, asi edza kusazvinetseka zvakanyanya usati waita bvunzo yakakodzera.

Chii chinokonzera zvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo?

Mazhinji ezvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo anoitika pasina chikonzero chakajeka, uye izvi hazvisi mhosva yaani. Kukura kwemwoyo kunonyanya kuoma, uye dzimwe nguva shanduko diki mune iyi nzira inotungamira kune musiyano wemukati.

Zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinogona kuwedzera mukana wekukanganisa kwemwoyo, kunyange zvazvo kuva nezvinhu izvi zvinokonzera hazvirevi kuti kukanganisa kuchaitika zvechokwadi:

• Zvinhu zvemagariro - mamwe makanganiso emwoyo anofamba mumhuri kana kuitika nemagariro emagariro senge Down syndrome
• Zvirwere zveamai panguva yekuzvitakura, senge rubella kana chikosoro
• Chirwere cheshuga cheamai chisingadzoreki zvakanaka panguva yekuzvitakura
• Mishonga yakati wandei inotorwa panguva yekuzvitakura
• Zera remai rinopfuura 35
• Kusvuta kana kunwa doro panguva yekuzvitakura

Zvinhu zvakatipoteredza senge kuiswa kune mamwe makemikari kana mwaranzi zvinogonawo kutamba basa, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisingawanzoitiki. Mamwe magariro asingawanzoitika emagariro anobatanidzwa nemarudzi akati wandei ezvirwere zvemoyo.

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti vabereki havaiti zvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo. Kunyange kana zvinhu zvinokonzera zviripo, vana vazhinji vanoberekwa nemwoyo yakakwana. Aya mamiriro anoitika mukati memavhiki ekutanga ekumakuva, kazhinji usati vakadzi vazhinji vachiziva kuti vakaita nhumbu.

Rini unofanira kuona chiremba nezvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo?

Unofanira kubata nachiremba wemwana wako pakarepo kana ukaona chero zviratidzo zvinokunetsa. Vimba nepfungwa dzako semubereki - unoziva mwana wako zviri nani.

Tsvaka rubatsiro rwechiremba pakarepo kana mwana wako ane miromo yebhuruu, ganda, kana misumari, kuoma kufema kwakanyanya, kana achiratidzika kusina simba kana asingapindure. Izvi zvinogona kuva zviratidzo zvekuti mwoyo wemwana wako hausi kupomba ropa zvakakwana.

Rongedza musangano wakajairika kana ukaona kuti mwana wako aneta nyore kupfuura vamwe vana, ane dambudziko rekurima, haakuri zvakanaka, kana achibuda mukaka zvakanyanya panguva yemabasa akajairika. Chiremba wemwana wako anogona kuteerera mwoyo wemwana wako uye kuona kana kuongororwa kuri kudiwa.

Zvirwere zvakawanda zvemoyo zvinowanikwa pakutanga panguva ye ultrasound yekuzvitakura kana kuongororwa kwevana vachangoberekwa. Kana chiremba wako ataura nezvekunzwa murmur, izvi hazvirevi kuti pane dambudziko rakakomba - mazhinji murmurs haana mhosva uye haaratidzi chirwere chemwoyo.

Ndeapi zvinhu zvinokonzera zvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo?

Kunzwisisa zvinhu zvinokonzera kunogona kukubatsira kuita sarudzo dzakachenjera, asi yeuka kuti vana vazhinji vane zvinhu zvinokonzera vanoberekwa nemwoyo yakasimba. Zvinhu zvinokonzera zvinoreva kuti pane mukana mukuru zvishoma, kwete chokwadi.

Nhoroondo yemhuri inotamba basa mune dzimwe nyaya. Kana iwe kana mumwe wako makaberekwa nezvirwere zvemoyo, mwana wako ane mukana mukuru zvishoma. Saizvozvo, kana iwe uine mwana ane chirwere chemwoyo chakaberekwa nacho, pamuviri unotevera une mukana mudiki wakawedzera.

Mamiriro ezveutano aamai anogona kuwedzera njodzi anosanganisira:

• Chirwere cheshuga, kunyanya kana shuga yeropa isingadzoreki zvakanaka
• Phenylketonuria (PKU) isingadzorwe zvakanaka
• Lupus kana mamwe mamiriro e autoimmune
• Zvirwere panguva yekuzvitakura senge rubella, cytomegalovirus, kana chikosoro

Zvinhu zvemararamiro senge kusvuta, kunwa doro, kana kushandisa mishonga yakati wandei panguva yekuzvitakura zvinogonawo kuwedzera njodzi. Mishonga yakati wandei, kusanganisira mishonga yakati wandei ye acne uye mishonga yezvirwere zvekutambudzika, inogona kubatanidzwa nezvirwere zvemoyo.

Zera rakakura remai (kupfuura 35) uye mamwe mamiriro emagariro senge Down syndrome zvinobatanidzwawo nehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvirwere zvemoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo. Nekudaro, vana vanoberekwa nezvirwere zvemoyo kuvabereki vezera rose uye mamiriro ezveutano.

Ndeapi matambudziko anogona kuitika ezvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo?

Matambudziko anogona kuitika anochinja zvakanyanya zvichienderana nerudzi uye kukomba kwemwoyo. Vana vazhinji vane zvirwere zvishoma vanorarama hupenyu hwese hwakanaka pasina chero matambudziko zvachose.

Zvirwere zvakakomba zvinogona kutungamira kumatambudziko anokura nekufamba kwenguva kana asina kurapwa:

• Kukundikana kwemwoyo, uko mwoyo usingakwanisi kupomba ropa zvakakwana kuti usangane nezvinodiwa nemuviri
• Kukura kwakadzika, sezvo muviri usingagoni kuwana ropa rakakwana rine oksijeni yekukura kwakajairika
• Kutemwa kwemwoyo (arrhythmias) kunogona kudiwa kuongororwa kana kurapwa
• Kuwedzera mukana wezvirwere mumwoyo (endocarditis)
• Kuderera kwepfupa ropa mumapfupa (pulmonary hypertension)

Mamwe matambudziko asingawanzoitika anosanganisira stroke, kunyanya mune dzimwe zvirwere zvakaoma, uye kukura kwakadzika kana uropi rusina kuwana oksijeni yakakwana nekufamba kwenguva.

Mashoko akanaka ndeawo kuti nekuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera kwechiremba, mazhinji emamiriro aya anogona kudzivirirwa kana kudzorwa zvakanaka. Kuongororwa nguva dzose ne pediatric cardiologist kunobatsira kubata matambudziko anogona kuitika pakutanga kana ari kurapika zvikuru.

Zvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo zvinoongororwa sei?

Zvirwere zvakawanda zvemoyo zvinoongororwa usati mwana aberekwa panguva ye ultrasound yekuzvitakura, kazhinji pakati pemavhiki 18 ne 22 ekumakuva. Iyi kuongororwa pakutanga kunopa mhuri nguva yekugadzirira uye vanachiremba kuronga kuchengetedzwa kwakanaka.

Mushure mekuberekwa, chiremba wemwana wako achateerera mwoyo nemushonga panguva yekutarisa kwakajairika. Ruzha rusingawanzoitika rwemwoyo runonzi murmur runogona kuva chiratidzo chekutanga chinotungamira kune imwe bvunzo.

Kana kukanganisa kwemwoyo kuchifungidzirwa, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira bvunzo yakawedzerwa:

• Echocardiogram - ultrasound yemwoyo inoratidza muviri wayo nebasa rayo
• Electrocardiogram (EKG) - inoyerera basa remagetsi remwoyo
• Chest X-ray - inoratidza saizi nemuviri wemwoyo
• Pulse oximetry - inoyerera mazinga eoksijeni muropa

Kuongororwa kwakaoma kunogona kusanganisira cardiac catheterization, uko chubhu chakareruka chinopihwa mumidziyo yeropa kuti uwane mifananidzo yakadzama yemukati memwoyo. Izvi zvinowanzodiwa chete kune zvirwere zvakaoma kana pakuronga kuvhiyiwa.

Mwana wako anogona kutumirwa kune pediatric cardiologist, chiremba anokosha mumamiriro emwoyo evana. Aya nyanzvi ane kudzidziswa kwakakwirira mukuongorora nekurapa zvirwere zvemoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo.

Kurapwa kwezvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo ndechii?

Kurapwa kunotsamira zvachose nerudzi uye kukomba kwemwoyo wemwana wako. Mashoko akanaka ndeawo kuti vana vazhinji havadi kurapwa zvachose nekuti zvirwere zvavo zviri zvishoma uye hazvipindire nebasa remwoyo rakajairika.

Kune zvirwere zvinodiwa kurapwa, sarudzo dzekurapa dzinosanganisira:

Kumirira kazhinji ndiyo nzira yekutanga yezvirwere zvishoma. Cardiologist wemwana wako ichaongorora mamiriro acho nekuongororwa nguva dzose kuti aone kana chirwere chacho chakavharwa pachacho kana chiri kuramba chakaoma.

Mishonga inogona kubatsira kudzora zviratidzo uye kutsigira basa remwoyo. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira mishonga inobatsira mwoyo kupomba zvakanyanya, kudzora kutemwa kwemwoyo, kana kudzivirira ropa kubatana.

Mazano ekurapa anopa sarudzo isingakuvadzi yezvimwe zvirwere. Panguva yemazano aya, vanachiremba vanopinda chubhu chakareruka kuburikidza nemudziyo weropa kugadzirisa maburi kana kuvhura nzvimbo dzakamanikana pasina kuvhiyiwa kukuru.

Kuvhiyiwa kunogona kudiwa kune zvirwere zvakaoma. Kuvhiyiwa kwemwoyo kwevana kwakafambira mberi zvikuru, uye mazhinji emaitiro akazongoita seasingagoneki ikozvino ari maitiro akajairika. Vamwe vana vanoda kuvhiyiwa kamwe chete, nepo vamwe vangada kuvhiyiwa kakawanda sezvo vakura.

Timu yekurapa yemwana wako ichaita basa newe kuti uone nzira yakanaka. Vachatarisa kukanganisa kwakakosha kwemwana wako, hutano hwese, zera, uye mhando yehupenyu pakuita mazano.

Nzira yekupa kuchengetedzwa kumba kwevana vane zvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo?

Kutarisa mwana ane chirwere chemwoyo pamba kunotarisa pakutsigira hutano hwavo hwese uye kutevera mazano etimu yako yekurapa. Vana vazhinji vanogona kubatanidzwa mumabasa evana akajairika nemamwe marongero.

Chikafu chinotamba basa rinokosha muhutano hwemwana wako. Vamwe vana vane zvirwere zvemoyo vanoda macalories akawanda kuti vatsigire kukura, nepo vamwe vangada kuderedza kunwa munyu. Chiremba wako kana nyanzvi yekudyisa inogona kupa mazano chaiwo ezvinodiwa nemwana wako.

Maitiro ekushanda anofanira kutaurwa nachiremba wako. Vana vazhinji vanogona kubatanidzwa mukutamba kwakajairika uye mitambo, kunyange vamwe vangada kudzivisa mabasa akanyanya. Mwana wako kazhinji achazvidzora pachavo kune zvinonzwa zvakasununguka.

Kudzivirira zvirwere kunonyanya kukosha sezvo mamwe makanganiso emwoyo achiwedzera mukana wezvirwere zvakakomba. Izvi zvinoreva kuramba uine zvivakwa zvekuzvidzivirira, kuita kuchena kwakanaka kwemaoko, uye kudzivisa kusangana pedyo nevanhu vane chirwere kana zvichibvira.

Tarisa shanduko mumamiriro emwana wako uye chengeta rondedzero yezviratidzo zvekutaura nachiremba wako. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira shanduko muzinga resimba, chido chekudya, maitiro ekufema, kana ruvara rweganda.

Usakanganwa kutarisira iwewo. Kuva nemwana ane mamiriro ezvehutano kunogona kunetsa, uye zvakakosha kutsvaka rutsigiro kana uchida.

Unofanira kugadzirira sei musangano wako nachiremba?

Kugadzirira misangano ne cardiologist wemwana wako kunobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti unowana zvakanyanya kubva pakushanya kwako. Nyora mibvunzo yako usati watanga kuti usakanganwe kubvunza nezve chero chinhu chinokunetsa.

Chengeta rekodhi yezviratidzo zvemwana wako, kusanganisira kana zvinoitika, nguva yakareba zvinoiswa, uye zvinoita sekutinhira. Cherechedza chero shanduko mukudya, kurara, maitiro ekushanda, kana manzwiro anogona kubatanidzwa nemamiriro avo emwoyo.

Uyai nerondedzero yemishonga yose inotorwa nemwana wako, kusanganisira madhoshi uye kazhinji inopiwa. Uyaiwo nechero mhedzisiro yebvunzo yapfuura kana mashumo kubva kune vamwe vanachiremba kana iri shanya yako yekutanga nenhengo itsva.

Funga kuuya nemumwe mukuru newe kumisangano, kunyanya pakutaura nezvesarudzo dzekurapa kana maitiro ekurapa. Kuva nevanhu vaviri vanoteerera kunogona kubatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti unoyeuka ruzivo rwakakosha.

Gadzirira tsananguro dzakakodzera dzezera remwana wako nezve shanya. Vana vakura vangada kubvunza mibvunzo yavo, uye zvakakosha kuti vanzwe vakabatanidzwa mukuchengetedzwa kwavo.

Chii chinonyanya kukosha nezvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo?

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chekuyeuka ndechekuti zvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo zvinorapika zvikuru, uye vana vazhinji vane zvirwere zvemoyo vanokura kuti vararame hupenyu hwazvo hwese, hwemashandiro. Kufambira mberi kwezvokurapa kwachinja maonero evana vane mamiriro aya.

Mamiriro emwana mumwe nemumwe akaenzana, uye marongero ekurapa anoitwa zvakakosha nezvinodiwa zvavo. Vamwe vana vanoda kurapwa kushoma, nepo vamwe vachida kutarisirwa kwakanyanya, asi chinangwa chaicho ndechekubatsira mwana wako kurarama hupenyu hwavo hwakanaka.

Kuumba hukama hwakasimba netimu yekurapa yemwana wako kunokosha. Usanetseka kubvunza mibvunzo, kuratidza zvinokunetsa, kana kutsvaka kujeka nezve chero chinhu chisinganzwisisiki. Uri chikamu chakakosha chetimu yekuchengetedza mwana wako.

Yeuka kuti kuva nemwana ane chirwere chemwoyo chakaberekwa nacho hakusi kusimbisa ramangwana remhuri yako. Nekuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera kwechiremba uye rutsigiro, mwana wako anogona kubatanidzwa muchikoro, mitambo, ushamwari, uye mafaro ose ehutano.

Mibvunzo inobvunzwa kazhinji nezvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo

Mwana wangu achakwanisa kutamba mitambo nezvirwere zvemoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo here?

Vana vazhinji vane zvirwere zvemoyo vanogona kubatanidzwa mumitambo uye mabasa emuviri. Cardiologist wemwana wako ichaongorora mamiriro avo chaiwo uye ichapa mazano nezve mazinga ekushanda akachengeteka. Vamwe vana havafaniri kuve nemiganho zvachose, nepo vamwe vangada kudzivisa mitambo yakanyanya yekukwikwidza. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuwana chiyero chakakodzera chinoramba mwana wako achishanda uye ane hutano nepo uchichengetedza mwoyo wavo.

Zvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo zvinogona kudzivirirwa here?

Mazhinji ezvirwere zvemwoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo hazvigone kudzivirirwa nekuti zvinoitika panguva yekuzvitakura kwakutanga, kazhinji usati vakadzi vazhinji vachiziva kuti vakaita nhumbu. Nekudaro, unogona kuderedza zvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera nekutora folic acid usati watanga uye panguva yekuzvitakura, kudzora chirwere cheshuga zvakanaka, kudzivisa doro nekushandisa fodya, uye kuramba uine zvivakwa zvekuzvidzivirira. Kuwana kuchengetedzwa kwakanaka kwekusununguka kunokosha nguva dzose kune pamuviri yakasimba.

Mwana wangu achada kuvhiyiwa kwemwoyo here?

Havasi vana vose vane zvirwere zvemoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo vanoda kuvhiyiwa. Zvirwere zvakawanda zvishoma zvinodiwa chete kuongororwa, uye zvimwe zvinovharwa pachazvo sezvo vana vakura. Kune zvirwere zvinodiwa kurapwa, vanachiremba ikozvino vane sarudzo dzakawanda kusanganisira mazano ekurapa asingakuvadzi. Kana kuvhiyiwa kuchikurudzirwa, kuvhiyiwa kwemwoyo kwevana kune huwandu hwakanaka hwekubudirira uye kunoramba kuchivandudza mhedzisiro.

Izvi zvichaita sei kukura kwemwana wangu nekukura?

Vana vazhinji vane zvirwere zvemoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo vanokura zvakanaka, kunyanya ne kurapwa kwakakodzera. Vamwe vana vangakurira zvishoma pakutanga, asi vanowanzoita kuti vakwire kana chirwere chavo chemwoyo chagadziriswa kana chakadzorwa zvakanaka. Timu yekurapa yemwana wako ichaongorora kukura zvakanaka uye ichapa rutsigiro kana zvichidiwa. Vakuru vazhinji vakaberekwa nezvirwere zvemoyo vanotungamira hupenyu hwese hwakanaka.

Ndinofanira kuudza chikoro chemwanakati nezve mamiriro avo emwoyo here?

Hongu, kazhinji zano rakanaka kuudza chikoro chemwanakati nezve mamiriro avo emwoyo. Izvi zvinobatsira vadzidzisi nevanachiremba vechikoro kunzwisisa chero zvinodiwa zvakakosha zvinogona kuve nemwana wako uye kuziva zvekutarisa. Shanda nachiremba wemwana wako kupa chikoro ruzivo rwakajeka nezve miganho yekushanda, mishonga, uye maitiro ekukurumidza kana zvichidiwa.