Diphtheria

Diptheria (dif-THEER-e-uh) chirwere chakakomba chinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya chinowanzo kukanganisa ma mucous membranes emhuno nemuromo. Diptheria yakawanda kwazvo kuUnited States nemamwe nyika dzakabudirira nekuda kwekuwanikwa kwakapararira kwejekiseni inodzivirira chirwere ichi. Zvisinei, nyika dzakawanda dzine hutano hushoma kana sarudzo dzejekiseni dzichiri kurarama nehuwandu hwakawanda hweDiptheria.

Diptheria inogona kurapwa ne mishonga. Asi mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, Diptheria inogona kukuvadza mwoyo, itsvo, uye tsinga. Kunyangwe ichirapwa, Diptheria inogona kuuraya, kunyanya kuvana.

Zviratidzo zveDiptheria uye zviratidzo zvinowanzo tanga mazuva maviri kusvika mashanu mushure mekunge munhu abatwa. Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Firimhendi ine gobvu, grey inofukidza muromo ne tonsils
• Kurwadziwa kwemuromo nekukwenya
• Kugwamba kwemagarandi (enlarged lymph nodes) mumutsipa
• Kunetseka kufema kana kufema nekukurumidza
• Kubuda kwemhino
• Fivha nekudedera
• Kuneta

Pane vamwe vanhu, hutachiona nemabhakitiriya anokonzera diphtheria anokonzera chirwere chidiki chete - kana pasina zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvinooneka. Vanhu vakabatwa vanoramba vasina kuziva nezvirwere zvavo vanozivikanwa sevatakuri ve diphtheria. Vanonzi vatakuri nekuti vanogona kuparadzira hutachiona pasina kurwara ivo pachavo.

Fonera chiremba wemhuri yako pakarepo kana iwe kana mwana wako wabatwa nemunhu ane diphtheria. Kana usingavimbi kuti mwana wako akazvidzwa jekiseni re diphtheria, rongedza nguva yekuonana nachiremba. Ita shuwa kuti jekiseni rako pachako riripo.

Diptheria inokonzerwa neBacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Kazhinji, mabhakitiriya aya anowanda panzvimbo yepamusoro yemukanwa kana paganda. C. diphtheriae inopararira kuburikidza ne:

• Matonhodza anofamba nemhepo. Kana munhu ane chirwere ichi akasvotera kana kukosora, achiburitsa mvura ine utachiona, vanhu vari pedyo vanogona kupfeka C. diphtheriae. Diptheria inopararira nyore nyore nenzira iyi, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakazara vanhu.
• Zvinhu zvemunhu kana zveimba zvine utachiona. Vanhu dzimwe nguva vanobatwa neDiptheria kuburikidza nekubata zvinhu zvemunhu ane chirwere ichi, zvakaita semapepa anoshandiswa kana matauro emaoko, anogona kunge ane mabhakitiriya aya.

Kubata ronda rine utachiona kunogona zvakare kutakura mabhakitiriya anokonzera Diptheria.

Vanhu vakabatwa nemabhakitiriya eDiptheria uye vasina kurapwa vanogona kutapurira vanhu vasina kuve nejekiseni reDiptheria — kunyangwe kana vasina kuratidza zviratidzo zviripi zvapo.

Vanhu vane njodzi yakawedzera yekubata diphtheria vanosanganisira:

• Vana nevakuru vasina kuzvidzwa zvizere
• Vanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzakakombama kana dzisina kuchena
• Chero munhu anofamba kunzvimbo umo hutachiona hwe diphtheria hunowanzoitika

Diphtheria haina kujairika kuitika kuUnited States nekuWestern Europe, uko vana vakange vachizvidzwa kubva pakurapwa kwemakumi emakore. Zvisinei, diphtheria ichiri kuwanda munyika dziri kusimukira uko huwandu hwekuzvidzwa hwakaderera.

Munzvimbo umo kuzvidzwa kwe diphtheria kuri musimboti, chirwere ichi chinonyanya kutyisidzira vanhu vasina kuzvidzwa kana vasina kuzvidzwa zvakakwana vanofamba kunyika dzakasiyana kana vane hukama nevanhu vanobva munyika dzisina kusimukira.

Kana isina kurapwa, diphtheria inogona kukonzera:

• Matambudziko ekufemba. Mabhakitiriya anokonzera diphtheria anogona kuburitsa chepfu. Iyi chepfu inokuvadza tishu munzvimbo iri pedyo nehutachiona — kazhinji, mhuno nehuro. Munzvimbo iyoyo, hutachiona hunogadzira firimu rakaoma, rakareba, rakagadzirwa nemaseli akafa, mabhakitiriya nezvimwe zvinhu. Iyi firimu inogona kudzivirira kufema.
• Kukuvadzwa kwemoyo. Chepfu ye diphtheria inogona kupararira muropa uye kukuvadza mamwe matishu mumuviri. Semuenzaniso, inogona kukuvadza tsandanyama yemoyo, ichikonzera zvinetso senge kuzvimba kwetsandanyama yemoyo (myocarditis). Kukuvadzwa kwemoyo kubva ku myocarditis kunogona kunge kuri kushoma kana kukomba. Pakuipa kwazvo, myocarditis inogona kukonzera kutadza kwemoyo uye rufu rwakatonyanya.
• Kukuvadzwa kwetsimba. Chepfu inogona zvakare kukonzera kukuvara kwetsimba. Zvinangwa zvakajairika ndetsimba dzehuro, uko kushomeka kwekuita kwetsimba kunogona kukonzera kuoma kukurya. Tsimba dzemaoko nemakumbo dzinogonawo kuzvimba, zvichikonzera kushaya simba retsandanyama.

Kana chepfu ye diphtheria ikakuvadza matsimba anobatsira kudzora tsandanyama dzinoshandiswa mukufema, idzi tsandanyama dzinogona kuoma. Panguva iyoyo, ungada rubatsiro rwemuchina kuti ufemhe.

Pasi pekurapwa, vanhu vakawanda vane diphtheria vanopona aya matambudziko, asi kupora kazhinji kunononoka. Diphtheria inouraya anenge 5% kusvika ku 10% yenguva. Mitengo yerufu yakakwira muvana vane makore asina kusvika mashanu kana vakuru vane makore anopfuura makumi mana.

Musati mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya wawanzika, chirwere chediphtheria chaiva chirwere chakajairika kuvana vaduku. Nhasi, chirwere ichi hachigoneki kurapwa chete asiwo kuchengetedzwa nejekiseni. Jekiseni re diphtheria kazhinji rinobatanidzwa nejekiseni re tetanus ne whooping cough (pertussis). Jekiseni rematatu-mumwe rinonzi jekiseni re diphtheria, tetanus ne pertussis. Vhezheni yazvino yejekiseni iri inonzi DTaP jekiseni re vana ne Tdap jekiseni re vechidiki nevakuru. Jekiseni re diphtheria, tetanus ne pertussis rimwe remajekiseni evana aanovimbisa madokota kuUnited States panguva yekuzvarwa. Kujoina kunosanganisira akatevedzana emapfumo mashanu, kazhinji anoiswa muruoko kana gumbo, anoitwa kuvana pamakore aya: * mwedzi miviri * mwedzi mina * mwedzi mitanhatu * mwedzi gumi nematanhatu kusvika gumi nemasere * makore mana kusvika matanhatu Jekiseni re diphtheria rinoshanda pakudzivirira diphtheria. Asi panogona kunge paine mimwe migumisiro. Vamwe vana vangave nefevha shoma, kusagadzikana, hope kana kunzwa kurwadziwa panzvimbo yekujekeswa mushure mekupiwa jekiseni re diphtheria, tetanus ne pertussis (DTaP). Bvunza chiremba chako zvaunogona kuitira mwana wako kuti udzivise kana kuderedza migumisiro iyi. Zvinetso zvisingawanzoitika. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitika, jekiseni re DTaP rinokonzera zvinetso zvakakomba asi zvinorapika kumwana, sekushaya simba kana kuzvimba (zvipuka kana ganda rinobuda mukati memaminitsi ekupiwa jekiseni). Vamwe vana - vakadai sevane chirwere chekuvhiringika kana chimwe chimiro chehurongwa hwematumbu - vangasakwanise kuwana jekiseni re DTaP.

Vanachiremba vangangofungidzira diphtheria mumwana ane chirwere ane kurwadziwa kwemukanwa ane firimu dema rinofukidza matonsils nemuromo. Kukura kweC. diphtheriae mukurima kwe laboratory yematerial kubva mufirimu remuromo kunosimbisa chirwere ichi. Vanachiremba vanogona kutorawo sampuli yetsinga kubva pahwunde yakabatwa uye kuibata mulaboratori kuti vaone rudzi rwe diphtheria inokanganisa ganda (cutaneous diphtheria).

Kana chiremba achifungidzira diphtheria, kurapwa kunotanga nekukurumidza, kunyangwe usati wawana mhinduro dze bvunzo dzebhakitiriya.

Diptheria chirwere chakakomba. Vanachiremba vanochiporesa nekukasira uye nemazvo. Vanachiremba vanotanga vachiona kuti nzira yekufema haina kuvhara kana kudzikira. Muzviitiko zvimwe, vangada kuisa chubhu yekufema mumukanwa kuti vachengete nzira yekufema yakasununguka kusvika nzira yekufema isisaputike. Mishonga inosanganisira:

Antitoxin. Kana chiremba akakurukura nezve diptheria, iye kana iye achaita chikumbiro chekurapa chinorwisa utachiona hwe diptheria mumuviri. Mushonga uyu unobva kuCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Inonzi antitoxin, mushonga uyu unopinzwa muchiuno kana tsandanyama.

Vasati vapiwa antitoxin, vanachiremba vangaita bvunzo dzeallergy yeganda. Izvi zvinoitwa kuona kuti munhu ane chirwere haana allergy kune antitoxin. Kana munhu akaita allergy, chiremba achakurudzira kuti asagamuchire antitoxin.

Vana nevakuru vane diptheria vanowanzoda kuva muchipatara kuti vawane kurapwa. Vangave vakaparadzaniswa mune intensive care unit nekuti diptheria inogona kupararira nyore nyore kune ani naani asina kuve vakatarisana nechirwere ichi.

Kana wakatarisana nemunhu ane diptheria, ona chiremba kuti aongorore uye akurapa. Chiremba wako angakupa mushonga weantibiotic kuti akubatsire kudzivirira kubata chirwere ichi. Ungadawo dose ye booster ye diptheria jekiseni.

Vanhu vanowanikwa kuti vane diptheria vanorapwa neantibiotic kuti vachengete masystem avo kubva kubhakitiriya zvakare.

• Antibiotics. Antibiotics, senge penicillin kana erythromycin, inobatsira kuuraya mabhakitiriya mumuviri, ichibvisa hutachiona. Antibiotics inoderedza nguva iyo munhu ane diptheria anokanganisa.
• Antitoxin. Kana chiremba akakurukura nezve diptheria, iye kana iye achaita chikumbiro chekurapa chinorwisa utachiona hwe diptheria mumuviri. Mushonga uyu unobva kuCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Inonzi antitoxin, mushonga uyu unopinzwa muchiuno kana tsandanyama.

Vasati vapiwa antitoxin, vanachiremba vangaita bvunzo dzeallergy yeganda. Izvi zvinoitwa kuona kuti munhu ane chirwere haana allergy kune antitoxin. Kana munhu akaita allergy, chiremba achakurudzira kuti asagamuchire antitoxin.

Kupora kubva kudifteria kunoda zororo rakawanda mubhedha. Kudzivisa chero kuita kwemuviri kunokosha zvikuru kana mwoyo wako wakabatwa. Ungada kuwana chikafu chako kuburikidza nezvinwiwa nezvokudya zvinyoro kwenguva yakati kwenguva nekuda kwekukuvara uye kuoma kwemitsipa. Kusurukirwa kwakasimba paunenge uine chirwere kunobatsira kudzivirira kupararira kwehutachiona. Kuwachisa maoko nekuchenjerera nemunhu wese uri pamba kwako kunokosha pakudzora kupararira kwehutachiona. Kana wapora kubva kudifteria, uchada mushonga wakazara we dipteria kuti udzivise kudzokazve. Kusiyana nemamwe marudzi ehutachiona, kuva ne dipteria hakuvimbiswi hupenyu hwose. Unogona kuwana dipteria kakawanda kana usina kuve nechicherwa chakazara.