Down Syndrome

Kune makiromozomu makumi maviri nematatu (23) akaenzana, anosvika makumi mana nemitanhatu (46). Hafi yekiromozomu inobva muchipfuwa uye imwe hafi inobva musperm. Iyi makiromozomu eXY anosanganisira kiromozomu X kubva muchipfuwa ne kiromozomu Y kubva musperm. MuDown syndrome, kune kopi inowedzerwa ye chromosome 21, zvichiguma nekopi nhatu panzvimbo pekopi mbiri dzakajairwa.

Down syndrome chirwere chemagene chinoitika kana kugovaniswa kweseru kusina kujairika kuchiguma nekopi yakawedzerwa yakazara kana chikamu che chromosome 21. Iyi genetic material yakawedzerwa inokonzera shanduko dzekusimukira nehunhu hwemuviri hweDown syndrome.

Shoko rokuti "syndrome" rinoreva boka re zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika pamwe chete. Ne syndrome, kune muenzaniso wekusiyana kana matambudziko. Iyi chirwere chakatumidzwa zita remukuru wechiremba wechiEnglish, John Langdon Down, uyo akatanga kuri rondedzera.

Down syndrome inosiyana pakukura pakati pevanhu. Iyi chirwere chinoita kuti pave nekushaya pfungwa kwenguva yese uye kuomerwa kukura. Ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa genetic chromosomal cause yekushaya pfungwa muvana. Inowanzoitawo mamwe marwere, kusanganisira matambudziko emwoyo ne digestive system.

Kunzwisisa kwakanaka kweDown syndrome uye zviyero zvepakutanga zvinogona kuvandudza zvikuru hupenyu hwevana nevakuru vane iyi chirwere uye kuvabatsira kurarama hupenyu hunogutsa.

Munhu wese ane Down syndrome munhu. Matambudziko ehupenyu hwepfungwa nekusimukira kazhinji anenge ari madiki kusvika pakati. Vamwe vanhu vane hutano, nepo vamwe vachine matambudziko ehutano akakomba akadai sechirwere chemwoyo chinoonekwa kubva pakuzvarwa. Vana nevakuru vane Down syndrome vane chitarisiko chakasiyana chechiso nemuviri. Kunyange zvazvo kwete vanhu vose vane Down syndrome vane zvimiro zvakafanana, zvimwe zvezvimiro zvakajairika zvinosanganisira: Chiso chakatsetseka nemuromo mudiki une bhiriji rakanyatsonaka. Musoro mudiki. Mutsipa mupfupi. Rurimi runowanzo kubuda mumuromo. Maziso akakwirira. Ruvara rweganda repamusoro remaziso runovhara kona yemukati yemeso. Nzeve diki, dzakatenderera. Mazvo mahombe, madiki ane crease imwe chete paruoko uye minwe mipfupi. Tsoka diki dzine nzvimbo pakati pechidzitiro chekutanga nechechipiri. Mativi madiki machena pane chikamu chine ruvara remukati remaziso rinonzi iris. Aya mavara machena anonzi Brushfield's spots. Kureba kwakapfupika. Kuora kwemhasuru muhucheche. Zvibatanidzwa zvakasununguka uye zvakanyanya kunyanya. Vacheche vane Down syndrome vangave saizi yakajairika, asi kazhinji vanokura zvishoma uye vanoramba vakapfupika kupfuura vana vamwe vane makore akafanana. Vana vane Down syndrome vanotora nguva yakareba kusvika pakukura, sekugara, kutaura nekutamba. Occupational therapy, physical therapy, uye kutaura nemutauro wekurapa zvinogona kubatsira kuvandudza kushanda kwemuviri nekutaura. Vana vazhinji vane Down syndrome vane kushaya simba kwepfungwa kwakapfava kusvika pakati. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vane matambudziko ekurangarira, kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva, kuisa pfungwa uye kufunga, kana kuita sarudzo dzinoita kuti upenyu hwavo huve hwakajairika. Mutauro nekutaura zvinononoka. Kuita zvinhu pakutanga uye mabasa ekudzidzisa anogona kubatsira vana nechipo cheDown syndrome kusvika pakukura kwavo. Mabasa evakuru vane Down syndrome anogona kubatsira kutsigira kurarama upenyu hwakazara. Down syndrome kazhinji inoziviswa usati wazvarwa kana paunenge uchizvarwa. Asi kana uine mibvunzo nezve pamuviri wako kana kukura kwemwana wako nekusimukira, taura nachiremba wako kana mumwe mushandi wehutano.

Down syndrome kazhinji inoonekwa usati waberekwa kana panguva yekuzvarwa. Asi kana uine mibvunzo ine chekuita nekumisikidzwa kwako kana kukura nekuvanduka kwemwana wako, taura nachiremba wako kana mumwe mushandi wehutano.

Mashizha evanhu kazhinji ane mapeya 23 emakromozomu. Kromozomu imwe neimwe yega yega inobva kumasperm, imwe ichibva muchipfuwo.

Down syndrome inokonzerwa nekukamurwa kwesero risingawanzoitika kunosanganisira chromosome 21. Kukamurwa kwesero uku kunokonzeresa chromosome 21 yakawedzerwa, yakazara kana kuti yakapfupikiswa. Zvinhu izvi zvakawedzerwa zvinoshandura maitiro emuviri nepfungwa. Ndiyo inokonzera zviratidzo zvemuviri nematambudziko ekukura eDown syndrome.

Chero ipi zvayo shanduko nhatu dzemajini dzinogona kukonzera Down syndrome:

• Trisomy 21. Anenge 95% yenguva, Down syndrome inokonzerwa netrisomy 21. Izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu wacho ane makopi matatu echromosome 21, panzvimbo pemakopi maviri akajairika. Chromosome 21 yakawedzerwa iri mumasero ose emuviri. Trisomy 21 inokonzerwa nekukamurwa kwesero risingawanzoitika panguva yekukura kwesero resperm kana kuti sesero rechipfuwo.
• Mosaic Down syndrome. Iyi ndiyo fomu isingawanzoitika yeDown syndrome. Vanhu vane mosaic Down syndrome vane masero mashoma chete ane kopi yakawedzerwa yechromosome 21. Mosaic iyi yemasero akajairika neakasanduka inokonzerwa nekukamurwa kwesero risingawanzoitika mushure mekunge chifuwo chafemedzwa nesperm.
• Translocation Down syndrome. Muhuwandu hudiki hwevanhu, Down syndrome inogona kuitika kana chikamu chechromosome 21 chakabatanidzwa, chinonziwo translocated, kune imwe chromosome. Izvi zvinogona kuitika usati kana panguva yekubata. Munhu wacho ane makopi maviri akajairika echromosome 21, asi anewo zvinhu zvakawedzerwa zvemajini kubva kuchromosome 21 zvakabatanidzwa kune imwe chromosome.

Kazhinji, Down syndrome haipfuudzirwi mumhuri. Iyo mamiriro inokonzerwa nekukamurwa kwesero risingawanzoitika. Izvi zvinogona kuitika panguva yekukura kwesero resperm kana kuti sesero rechipfuwo kana kuti panguva yekukura kwemwana mudumbu.

Translocation Down syndrome inogona kupfuudzwa kubva kuvabereki kuenda kumwana. Asi huwandu hudiki chete hwemwana ane Down syndrome une translocation uye vamwe chete ndivo vakariwana kubva kumubereki wavo.

Mubereki chero upi zvawo angave ane balanced translocation. Mubereki ane zvimwe zvinhu zvemajini zvakarongeka kubva kuchromosome 21 pane imwe chromosome, asi hapana zvinhu zvakawedzerwa zvemajini. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mubereki haana zviratidzo zveDown syndrome, asi anogona kupfuudza unbalanced translocation kuvana, zvichikonzera Down syndrome kuvana.

Vabereki vamwe vane mukana mukuru wekuzvara mwana ane Down syndrome. Zvinokonzera njodzi dzinosanganisira:

• Kuwedzera kwezera. Mikana yekuzvara mwana ane Down syndrome inowedzera nekuwedzera kwezera nekuti mazai ekare ane mukana mukuru wekugovaniswa kwemasero asingawanzoitika. Njodzi yekuzvara mwana ane Down syndrome inowedzera mushure mekunge mukadzi ane pamuviri apfuura makore 35. Asi vana vazhinji vane Down syndrome vanoberekwa kuna vakadzi vane pamuviri vane makore pasi pe35 nekuti ndivo vane vana vazhinji.
• Kuve vatakuri vekuchinja kwemajini kweDown syndrome. Mudzimai kana murume anogona kupasa kuchinja kwemajini kweDown syndrome kuvana vavo.
• Kuve akambobereka mwana ane Down syndrome. Vabereki vose vane mwana mumwe chete ane Down syndrome uye vabereki vane kuchinja kwemajini pachavo vari panjodzi yakakura yekuzvara mwana mumwe ane Down syndrome. Munyori wemajini anogona kubatsira vabereki kunzwisisa njodzi yekuzvara mwana wechipiri ane Down syndrome.

Zvinetso zveutano zvinobva pakukura kweDown syndrome zvinogona kuva zvishoma, zvakati siyanei kana kuti zvakakomba. Vamwe vana vane Down syndrome vane utano hwakanaka, nepo vamwe vachigona kuva nezvinetso zvakakomba zveutano. Zvimwe zvinetso zveutano zvinogona kuva dambudziko rakakura sezvo munhu achikura. Zvinetso zveutano zvinogona kusanganisira: Zvinetso zvemoyo. Anenge hafu yevana vane Down syndrome vanoberekwa nechimwe chezvinetso zvemoyo zviripo kubva pakuberekwa. Izvi zvinetso zvemoyo zvinogona kutyisidzira hupenyu uye zvinoda kuvhiyiwa muhucheche. Matambudziko emuviri wekudya nekudya. Zvinetso zvemudumbu nezambuko zvinoitika kune vamwe vana vane Down syndrome. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuchinja kwemuviri wemudumbu nezambuko. Pane njodzi yakakura yekuwana matambudziko ekudya, senge kuvhara kwezambuko, kurwadziwa kwemoyo kunonzi gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) kana kuti chirwere checeliac. Matambudziko emuviri werudziro. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwemuviri werudziro yavo, vanhu vane Down syndrome vari panjodzi yakakura yekuwana zvirwere zve autoimmune, mamwe marudzi ekenza nezvirwere zvinotapukira senge pneumonia. Kurara kwakaoma. Kuita kwemuviri wakapfava uye kuchinja kwemutsipa kunogona kukonzera kuvhara kwemabhawa. Vana nevakuru vane Down syndrome vari panjodzi yakakura yekurara kwakaoma. Kuwanda kwemuviri. Vanhu vane Down syndrome vane mukana wakakura wekuva vakakora kana kuti vakafuta kana ichienzaniswa nevanhu vose. Matambudziko emutsipa. Kune vamwe vanhu vane Down syndrome, mavertebra maviri ekutanga mumutsipa angave asina kurongeka sezvaanofanira. Izvi zvinonzi atlantoaxial instability. Iyi mamiriro anoisa vanhu panjodzi yekukuvara kwakakomba kumutsipa kubva kuzviitiko zvinokotamira mutsipa zvakanyanya. Zvimwe zvezviitiko izvi zvinosanganisira mitambo yekubata uye kukwira mabhiza. Leukemia. Vana vaduku vane Down syndrome vane njodzi yakakura ye leukemia. Chirwere cheAlzheimer. Kuva neDown syndrome kunowedzera njodzi yekuwana chirwere cheAlzheimer. Uyewo, dementia kazhinji inoitika pazera riri pasi pane revanhu vose. Zviratidzo zvinogona kutanga pazera remakore 50. Matambudziko mamwe. Down syndrome inogonawo kusanganiswa nezvimwe zvinetso zveutano, senge matambudziko etroidi, matambudziko ezino, kuita kwekuvhiringika, kuzvimba kwemhino, uye matambudziko ekunzwa nekuona. Zvinetso senge kuora mwoyo, kunetseka, autism uye attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) zvinogonawo kuva zvakawanda. Kwemakore akawanda, kwave kuine kukura mukuchengetedza utano hwevana nevakuru vane Down syndrome. Nekuda kweizvi zvikuru, vana vanoberekwa nhasi vane Down syndrome vane mukana wekurarama kwenguva refu kupfuura kare. Vanhu vane Down syndrome vanogona kutarisira kurarama makore anopfuura 60, zvichienderana nekuti zvinetso zvavo zveutano zvakakomba sei.

Hapana nzira yekudzivirira Down syndrome. Kana uri panjodzi yakakwira yekuzvara mwana ane Down syndrome kana watova nemwana mumwe ane Down syndrome, ungada kutaura nachiremba we genetics usati otanga kuva nepamuviri. Chiremba we genetics anogona kukubatsira kunzwisisa mikana yako yekuzvara mwana ane Down syndrome. Chiremba uyu anogonawo kutsanangura bvunzo dzepakutanga dzinowanikwa uye kubatsira kutsanangura zvakanaka nezvakaipa zvekuita bvunzo.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists inokurudzira kupa mukana wekuongorora uye bvunzo dzeDown syndrome kune vose vane pamuviri, pasinei nezera ravo.

• Bvunzo dzekuongorora dzinogona kuratidza mukana kana mikana yekuti uri kutakura mwana ane Down syndrome. Asi bvunzo idzi hadzigoni kutaura nechokwadi kana mwana wako ane Down syndrome.
• Bvunzo dzekuongorora dzinogona kutaura nechokwadi kana mwana wako ane Down syndrome.

Munachiremba wako anogona kukurukura marudzi ebvunzo, mabhenefiti nekutadza, zvakanaka nezvakaipa, uye zvinoreva mhinduro dzako. Kana zvichidiwa, munachiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kuti utaure neanopa mazano pamusoro pemagene.

Kuongororwa kweDown syndrome kunopihwa sechibvumirano chekutarisirwa usati wazvarwa mwana, kunonzi prenatal care. Kunyange zvazvo bvunzo dzekuongorora dzinongotaura ngozi yako yekutakura mwana ane Down syndrome, dzinogona kukubatsira kuita sarudzo pamusoro pekudiwa kwebvunzo dzekuongorora.

Bvunzo dzekuongorora dzinosanganisira bvunzo yakabatana yekutanga trimester uye bvunzo yakabatana yekuongorora. Kutanga trimester kunoreva anenge mwedzi mitatu yekutanga yekuzvitakura.

Bvunzo yakabatana yekutanga trimester inoitirwa nhanho mbiri. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• Bvunzo yeropa. Bvunzo iyi yeropa inoyeresa mazinga epregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) uye homoni yekuzvitakura inozivikanwa sehuman chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).mazinga ePAPP-A neHCG kunze kwerange yakajairwa anogona kuratidza dambudziko nemwana.
• Nuchal translucency screening test. Panguva yebvunzo iyi, ultrasound inoshandiswa kuyera nzvimbo chaiyo kumashure kwemutsipa wemwana wako. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu akakonzerwa nekuchinja kwechromosome aripo, mvura yakawanda kupfuura yakajairwa inowanzo kuunganidzwa munyama iyi yemutsipa.

Uchishandisa zera rako uye mhinduro yebvunzo yeropa uye ultrasound, munachiremba wako kana anopa mazano pamusoro pemagene anogona kuverenga njodzi yekuti mwana wako ane Down syndrome.

Bvunzo yakabatana yekuongorora inoitirwa zvikamu zviviri panguva yekutanga neyechipiri trimester yekuzvitakura. Mhinduro dzinobatanidzwa kuti verengwe njodzi yemwana wako kuva neDown syndrome.

• Kutanga trimester. Chikamu chekutanga chinosanganisira bvunzo yeropa kuyera PAPP-A uye ultrasound kuyera nuchal translucency.
• Chipiri trimester. Quad screen inoyeresa nhanho yeropa rako rezvinhu zvina zviripo panguva yekuzvitakura: alpha fetoprotein, estriol, HCG uye inhibin A.

Chikamu chidiki cheDNA chinobudiswa kubva ku placenta kuenda muropa remunhu ane pamuviri. DNA iyi isina masero muropa inogona kuongororwa kuti ive nechromosome 21 yakawedzerwa yeDown syndrome.

Kune avo vane njodzi yekuve nemwana ane Down syndrome, bvunzo inogona kuitwa kubva mavhiki gumi ekuzvitakura. Kana bvunzo ikasvika, kuongororwa kunowanzodiwa kusimbisa kuti mwana ane Down syndrome.

Kana mhinduro dzebvunzo yako yekuongorora dzakanaka kana dzisingazivikanwi, kana uri panjodzi yakakura yekuve nemwana ane Down syndrome, unogona kufunga nezvekuongororwa zvakawanda kusimbisa chirwere chacho. Munachiremba wako anogona kukubatsira kuenzanisa zvakanaka nezvakaipa zvebvunzo idzi.

Bvunzo dzekuongorora dzinogona kuziva Down syndrome dzinosanganisira:

• Chorionic villus sampling (CVS). MuCVS, masero anotangwa kubva ku placenta. Masero anoshandiswa kutarisa machromosome emwana. Bvunzo iyi inowanzoitwa mukutanga trimester, pakati pevhiki gumi nemakumi mana ekuzvitakura. Njodzi yekurasikirwa nekuzvitakura, kunonzi miscarriage, kubva kuCVS yakaderera kwazvo.
• Amniocentesis. Sampuli yemvura ye amniotic inotenderedza mwana mudumbu inobviswa kuburikidza ne tsono inopinda mudumbu amai. Sampuli iyi inoshandiswa kutarisa machromosome emwana. Bvunzo iyi inowanzoitwa muchipiri trimester, mushure mevhiki gumi nemashanu ekuzvitakura. Bvunzo iyi ine njodzi yakaderera kwazvo yekurasikirwa nekuzvitakura.

Vakaroorana vari kurapwa nekusaibereka kuburikidza ne in vitro fertilization (IVF) vanoziva kuti vari panjodzi yakawedzera yekupasa mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma emajini kuvana vavo vanogona kusarudza kuongororwa embryo kuti ive nemagene asati aiswa mudumbu.

Kuongororwa kwemuviri kunowanzova kukwana kuziva Down syndrome mumwana mumaawa makumi maviri nemana ekutanga mushure mekuberekwa. Kana munachiremba wako achifunga kuti mwana wako ane Down syndrome, munachiremba wako anorayira bvunzo inonzi chromosomal karyotype kusimbisa chirwere chacho. Uchishandisa sampuli yeropa, bvunzo iyi inotarisa machromosome omwana wako. Kana paine chromosome 21 yakawedzerwa yakazara kana yakapfupika mune ese kana mamwe masero, chirwere chacho ndicho Down syndrome.

Kuita zviito zvepakutanga kune vacheche nevana vane Down syndrome kunogona kuita musiyano mukuru mukuvandudza hupenyu hwavo. Nekuti mwana wese ane Down syndrome akasiyana, kurapwa kuchaenderana nezvinodiwa nemwana wako. Uyewo, sezvo mwana wako achikura uye apinda matanho akasiyana ehupenyu, mwana wako angada kutarisirwa kwakasiyana kana mabasa.

Kune vanhu vane Down syndrome, mabasa anoramba achienderera, anosanganisira utano, dzidzo nekutsigirwa kweunyanzvi hwehupenyu, zvinokosha muhupenyu hwese. Kuwana kurapwa kwemishonga nguva dzose nekurapa matambudziko kana zvichidiwa kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza mararamiro ane hutano.

Kana mwana wako ane Down syndrome, iwe ungangoda kuvimba nechikwata chezviridzi zvinogona kupa kurapwa kwemishonga uye kubatsira mwana wako kukura unyanzvi zvizere sezvinobvira. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemwana wako, timu yako inogona kusanganisira vamwe vevanachiremba ava:

• Chiremba wevana wekutanga kuti aronge uye ape kuchengetwa kwevana nguva dzose.
• Nyanzvi yemoyo wevana inonzi cardiologist.
• Nyanzvi yesimba rekurima revana inonzi gastroenterologist.
• Nyanzvi yezvibereko zvevana inorapira mamiriro ezvinhu ane chekuita nemahomoni inonzi endocrinologist.
• Chiremba wevana wekukura.
• Nyanzvi yesimba retsinga revana inonzi neurologist.
• Nyanzvi yeziso, mhuno nehuro (ENT) yevana.
• Chiremba weziso wevana anonzi ophthalmologist.
• Nyanzvi yekunzwa inonzi audiologist.
• Nyanzvi yekutaura nemutauro inonzi speech-language pathologist.
• Nyanzvi yekurapa muviri.
• Nyanzvi yekurapa basa.

Uchada kuita sarudzo dzakakosha nezve kurapwa kwemwana wako, mabasa nedzidzo. Vaka timu yevanachiremba, vadzidzisi nevanachiremba vaunovimba navo. Vanachiremba ava vanogona kubatsira kuwana zviwanikwa munzvimbo yako uye tsanangura mapurogiramu ehurumende nemapurogiramu ehurumende evana nevakuru vane zvikonzero.

Ungawana zvinobatsira kutsvaga chiremba wevana wekukura, nyanzvi ine ruzivo nezve Down syndrome. Uyewo, dzimwe nzvimbo dzine kirabhu yeDown syndrome yevana inopa mabasa akasiyana munzvimbo imwe chete. Vanachiremba ava vanopa hanya yakakosha kune zvinodiwa nematambudziko anowanzoitika kune vanhu vane Down syndrome. Vanogona kushanda pamwe nemunyanzvi wako wekutarisira utano.

Sezvo mwana wako ane Down syndrome ava mukuru, zvinodiwa nehutano zvinogona kuchinja. Kunze kwekutarisa hutano hwevanhu vose vakuru, kurapwa kwenguva dzose kunosanganisira kuongororwa nekurapwa kwezvirwere zvinoitika kazhinji muvakuru vane Down syndrome. Ungasarudza kushanyira kirabhu yeDown syndrome yevakuru, kana iripo.

Zvirwere zvinoitika kazhinji muvakuru vane Down syndrome zvinosanganisira:

• Matambudziko ekuona nekunzwa.
• Matambudziko ezino.
• Mazai etairoid akaderera anonzi hypothyroidism.
• Chikosha.
• Celiac chirwere neGERD.
• Chirwere chemwoyo, kurova kwemoyo ne cholesterol yakakwirira.
• Kuonda.
• Kurara apnea.
• Kuchinja kwemanzwiro nemafambiro.
• Chirwere cheAlzheimer.
• Matambudziko emuviri, akadai sematambudziko emusana, marwadzo neosteoporosis.

Kuwedzera pakusangana nezvinodiwa nehutano, kutarisira munhu wako mukuru waunoda ane Down syndrome kunosanganisira kuronga zvinodiwa nehupenyu hwezvino nehweramangwana, zvakadai se:

• Nzvimbo dzekugara.
• Mapurogiramu ekutsigira nemabasa.
• Kutarisirwa.

Paunonzwa kuti mwana wako ane Down syndrome, ungave une manzwiro akasiyana. Ungasaziva kuti chii chaunofanira kutarisira, uye ungave usingavimbi nehunyanzvi hwako hwekutarisira mwana ane zvikonzero. Ruzivo nekutsigirwa kunogona kubatsira kudzikamisa zvinotyisa izvi.

Rangarira matanho aya kuti uzvigadzirire uye kutarisira mwana wako:

• Bvunza nyanzvi yako yehutano nezve mapurogiramu ekutanga munzvimbo yako. Anowanikwa mumamiriro mazhinji eU.S., mapurogiramu aya akasarudzika ari evana vacheche nevana vaduku vane Down syndrome nemamwe matambudziko. Kazhinji vanotanga kuberekwa kusvika pazera re3. Mapurogiramu anobatsira kukura unyanzvi hwekufamba, mutauro, hukama uye unyanzvi hwekuzvibatsira. Mapurogiramu mazhinji anopa kuongororwa kwemahara kuti aongorore unyanzvi nezvinodiwa nemwana wako. Purogiramu yeIndividual Family Service Plan (IFSP) inogadzirwa kuti itarise mabasa ekusangana nezvinodiwa nemwana wako.
• Dzidza nezve sarudzo dzedzidzo kuchikoro. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemwana wako, sarudzo dzinogona kusanganisira kupinda mukirasi dzenguva dzose, zvinonzi mainstreaming, vashandi vekutsigira mukirasi dzenguva dzose, kirasi dzedzidzo yepamusoro, kana musanganiswa. Purogiramu yeIndividualized Education Plan (IEP) ibhuku rakajeka, rakanyorwa rinotsanangura kuti sisitimu yechikoro ichapa sei dzidzo inosangana nezvinodiwa nemwana wako. Taura nedhisitirikiti rechikoro rako nezve kugadzira IEP yemwana wako.
• Tsvaga mamwe mhuri dzine nhengo yemhuri ine Down syndrome. Mhuri dzakawanda nemasangano enyika ane mapoka ekutsigira vabereki nemhuri dzevana nevakuru vane Down syndrome. Unogona kuwanawo mapoka ekutsigira paInternet. Mhuri neshamwari dzinogona kuva chimiro chekunzwisisa nekutsigirawo.
• Tora chikamu mumabasa enharaunda nemabasa ekushambadzira. Tora nguva yekufamba kwemhuri uye tarisa munharaunda yako mabasa enharaunda akadai semapurogiramu epakati, Special Olympics, mapoka emitambo kana makirasi eballet. Aya marudzi emabasa anogona kubatsira mwana wako kunzwa ari chikamu chechikwata uye kuvaka chivimbo chake. Vana nevakuru vane Down syndrome vanogona kufarira mabasa mazhinji enharaunda nemabasa ekushambadzira, kunyangwe mamwe marongero angadiwa kuti avabatsire kutora chikamu mumabasa.
• Kurudzira kuzvimiririra. Unhu hwemwana wako hunogona kusiyana nehwevana vamwe. Asi nekutsigira kwako nekuita kwakawanda, mwana wako anogona kukwanisa kuita mabasa ekuzvimiririra akadai sekugadzirira kudya kwemasikati, kugeza nekupfeka, kubika, kuchenesa imba, nekuwachira. Ungaita runyorwa rwemabasa ezuva nezuva kuti uite wega nemwana wako. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira mwana wako kunzwa akawanda uye akakwana.