Chii chinonzi Dry Macular Degeneration? Zviratidzo, Zvinokonzera, & Kurapa

Dry macular degeneration ndiro kuparara kwakapfava kwema cell anonzwa chiedza pakati pe retina yako, inonzi macula. Iyi chirwere inononoka kukanganisa kuona kwako kwepakati nekufamba kwenguva, zvichiita kuti zviome kuona zvinhu zvidiki zvakadai sefomu kana mavara. Iyo ndiyo fomu inonyanya kuzivikanwa ye age-related macular degeneration, inokanganisa mamirioni evanhu pasi rose, uye kunyange zvazvo zvingave zvine hanya kudzidza nezvazvo, kunzwisisa kunoita kuti uite matanho ekudzivirira hutano hwako hwemashoko.

Chii chinonzi dry macular degeneration?

Dry macular degeneration inoitika kana zvinhu zvidiki zvitema zvinonzi drusen zvikaunganidzwa pasi pe retina yako. Macula yako ndiyo inokonzera kuona kwakajeka, kwepakati kunokubvumira kuti uverenge, ufambe nemotokari, uye uzive vanhu zviri nyore. Kana aya ma cell atanga kupfava uye kuparara, kuona kwako kwepakati kunova kusina kunaka.

Iyi chirwere kazhinji inononoka kukura kwemakore mazhinji. Kusiyana ne wet macular degeneration, fomu yakaoma haina kukura kweropa kana kuchinja kwekuona kamwe kamwe. Funga nezvazvo sekupera kwakapfava pane dambudziko guru.

Vanhu vakawanda vane macular degeneration vane rudzi rwakaoma, rwakawanda kubva pa 85-90% yezviitiko zvose. Kunyange zvazvo zvingakanganisa hupenyu hwako, vanhu vakawanda vanoramba vachichengeta kuzvimiririra kwavo nekutarisirwa kwakakodzera uye nzira dzekugadzirisa.

Ndeapi zviratidzo zve dry macular degeneration?

Zviratidzo zvepakutanga zve dry macular degeneration kazhinji zvinoitika zvishoma nezvishoma zvekuti ungasazvioni pakarepo. Uropi hwako hunokwanisa chaizvo kuzvigadzirisa pazvinhu zvidiki zvinoshanduka mukuona, zvinoreva kuti zviratidzo zvinogona kukukwira kwemwedzi kana makore.

Heano zviratidzo zvikuru zvekuchengetedza:

• Kuona kwakasviba kana kusapfava kwepakati kunokanganisa kuverenga
• Kuoda chiedza chakajeka kana uchiita basa riri pedyo
• Kuomesa kuziva vanhu kubva kure
• Mutsara wakatarisana uchioneka wakakombama kana wakakanganisika
• Mabhuru matema kana asina chinhu mukuona kwako kwepakati
• Macolor achiita seasinganyanyi kupenya kana akasviba
• Kuomesa kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu ari rima

Aya marudzi ezvinhu anoitika nekuti macula yako haisi kushanda chiedza zvakanaka sezvaiyamboita. Mashoko akanaka ndeawo ekuti dry macular degeneration haina kazhinji kukonzera kurasikirwa kwakakwana kwekuona sezvo kuona kwako kwepasi kazhinji kunoramba kwakasimba.

Ndeapi marudzi e dry macular degeneration?

Dry macular degeneration inokura kuburikidza nematanho matatu akasiyana, imwe neimwe ine hunhu hwakasiyana uye inokanganisa kuona kwako. Kunzwisisa aya matanho kunokubatsira kuziva zvaunofanira kutarisira uye kana uchifanira kutsvaga kurapwa kuwedzerwa.

Dry macular degeneration yekutanga ine drusen duku pasi pe retina yako. Kazhinji hauzonzwi chero shanduko mukuona panguva ino, uye chirwere ichi chinowanzoonekwa pakuongororwa kwemashoko nguva dzose. Iyi nhanho inogona kugara kwemakore pasina kufambira mberi.

Nhanho yepakati inounza drusen yepakati kana shanduko dzepigment mu retina yako. Ungatanga kuona shanduko diki mukuona, senge kuoda chiedza chakawanda chekuverenga kana kusapfava kwakapfava mukuona kwako kwepakati. Vamwe vanhu vanogadzira bofu diki mukuona kwavo kwepakati.

Nhanho yakakwirira ine kuparara kukuru kwema cell anonzwa chiedza uye tishu inotsigira mu macula yako. Iyi nhanho inokonzera kurasikirwa kwekuona kwepakati kunokanganisa mabasa ezuva nezuva senge kuverenga, kufamba nemotokari, kana kuziva vanhu. Zvisinei, kuona kwako kwepasi kunoramba kusina kukanganisika.

Chii chinokonzera dry macular degeneration?

Dry macular degeneration inokura kana ma cell akapfava mu macula yako achitanga kupera nekufamba kwenguva. Kunyange zvazvo tisingazivi chaizvo kuti nei izvi zvinoitika kune vamwe vanhu uye kwete kune vamwe, vatsvakurudzi vakawana zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinokonzera iyi nzira.

Zvinokonzera zvikuru nezvinhu zvinokonzera zvinosanganisira:

• Nzira yekukwegura yakasikwa inokanganisa ma cell e retina
• Zvinhu zvemagariro zvinotangwa kubva kuhama
• Oxidative stress inokuvadza zvivakwa zvema cell
• Kupera kweropa kuenda ku macula nekufamba kwenguva
• Kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvakasara zvema cell
• Kutemwa kwetishu dze retina
• Zvinhu zvepasi zvakadai sekuonekwa kwe UV chiedza

Zera rinoramba riri njodzi huru, nemazhinji ezviitiko zvichiitika mushure memakore 60. Zvisinei, kuva nezvinhu zvinokonzera hazvirevi kuti uchakura chirwere ichi. Vanhu vakawanda vane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokonzera havazombovi nemacular degeneration, nepo vamwe vane zvinhu zvishoma zvinokonzera vachikura.

Rini unofanira kuona chiremba nekuda kwe dry macular degeneration?

Unofanira kuronga kuongororwa kwemashoko kana ukaona chero shanduko mukuona kwako kwepakati, kunyange zvazvo zvichitaridzika zvidiki. Kuonekwa pakutanga kunokupa mukana wakanaka wekudzikisa kufambira mberi uye kugadzirisa chero shanduko.

Taura nachiremba wako wemaziso nekukurumidza kana ukaona shanduko dzekuona kamwe kamwe, senge kuwedzera kukurumidza kwekusapfava kana mabhuru matsva. Kunyange zvazvo dry macular degeneration kazhinji inononoka kufambira mberi, dzimwe nguva inogona kuchinja kuita fomu yakanyanya kuipa, inoda kutarisirwa nekukurumidza.

Kuongororwa kwemashoko nguva dzose kunova kukosha zvikuru mushure memakore 50, kunyange kana usingaoni matambudziko ekuona. Chiremba wako wemaziso anogona kuona shanduko dzepakutanga usati waona zviratidzo uye kukubatsira kunzwisisa njodzi dzako pachako.

Ndeapi njodzi dze dry macular degeneration?

Zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinogona kuwedzera mukana wako wekukura dry macular degeneration, kunyange zvazvo kuva nezvinhu zvinokonzera hazvirevi kuti uchakura chirwere ichi. Kunzwisisa njodzi yako pachako kunokubatsira kuita sarudzo dzakachenjera pamusoro pekudzivirira uye kuongorora.

Njodzi huru dzinokonzera zvinosanganisira:

• Zera rinopfuura 60, nenjodzi ichikwira gore rega rega
• Nhoroondo yemhuri ye macular degeneration
• Kusvuta kana nhoroondo yekushandisa fodya
• Ruvara rweCaucasian
• Murume
• Maziso ane ruvara rwakajeka
• Chirwere chetsinga dzeropa
• Kuderera kweropa
• Kuzama
• Kuonekwa kwezuva kwenguva refu pasina kudzivirirwa kwemaziso

Mamwe marudzi asingawanzoitika emagariro anogona kukanganisa vanhu vaduku, kunyanya avo vane mamiriro chaiwo akagara nhaka senge Stargardt chirwere. Aya marudzi emagariro haawanzoitika asi anogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakafanana pazera rekutanga.

Kunyangwe usingakwanisi kuchinja zvinhu senge zera kana magariro, unogona kugadzirisa njodzi dzaungachinja senge kusvuta, kudya, uye kudzivirirwa kwezuva kuti udzivise njodzi yako kana kudzikisa kufambira mberi.

Ndeapi matambudziko anogona kuitika e dry macular degeneration?

Dambudziko guru re dry macular degeneration ndiro kurasikirwa kwekuona kwepakati kunogona kukanganisa zvikuru mabasa ako ezuva nezuva. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichinzwa zvinotyisa, kunzwisisa zvaunofanira kutarisira kunokubatsira kugadzirira uye kugadzirisa zvakabudirira.

Matambudziko akajairika anosanganisira:

• Kuomesa kuverenga mavara akajairika
• Matambudziko ekufamba nemotokari, kunyanya usiku
• Matambudziko ekuziva vanhu
• Kuomesa mabasa akaoma senge kubika kana mabasa emaoko
• Njodzi yakawedzera yekuwa nekuda kwekuchinja kwekuona
• Kuparadzana nevanhu nekuda kwezvipingamupinyi zvine chekuita nekuona

Dambudziko risina kujairika asi rakakomba rinoitika kana dry macular degeneration ichichinja kuita wet macular degeneration. Izvi zvinoitika mune 10-15% yezviitiko uye zvinosanganisira kukura kwetsinga dzeropa dzisingawanzoitika izvo zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nekukurumidza kwekuona.

Kusuruvara uye kunetseka zvinogonawo kukura sezvo vanhu vachigadzirisa shanduko dzekuona. Zvisinei, nekutsigirwa kwakakodzera, zvishandiso zvekugadzirisa, uye dzimwe nguva mazano, vanhu vakawanda vanobudirira kuchengetedza kuzvimiririra kwavo uye hupenyu hwakanaka.

Dry macular degeneration inogona kudzivirirwa sei?

Kunyangwe usingakwanisi kudzivirira zvachose dry macular degeneration, kunyanya kana uine njodzi dzemagariro, unogona kutora matanho akati wandei anogona kudzikisa njodzi yako kana kudzikisa kufambira mberi kwayo. Aya mararamiro anosarudzwa anobatsirawo hutano hwako hwese.

Nzira dzekudzivirira dzinosanganisira:

• Kudya kudya kwakapfuma muma green leafy uye miriwo ine mavara
• Kusiya kusvuta uye kudzivirira utsi hwekusvuta
• Kupfeka magirazi ane UV-blocking kunze
• Kuchengetedza uremu hwakanaka
• Kuita zvemitambo nguva dzose kutsigira kuyerera kweropa
• Kutonga kweropa uye cholesterol
• Kutora mavitamini e AREDS kana zvakakurudzirwa nachiremba wako

Mavhitamini e AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Study) ane zvinovaka muviri zvakadai se vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, uye lutein izvo zvinogona kubatsira kudzikisa kufambira mberi muvanhu vane chirwere chepakati. Zvisinei, aya zvinowedzerwa hazvina kukodzera kune munhu wese, saka taura nachiremba wako usati watanga kuatora.

Dry macular degeneration inoongororwa sei?

Kuongorora dry macular degeneration kunosanganisira bvunzo dzisingarwadzi dzinokupa chiremba wako wemaziso mifananidzo yakazara yehutano hwako hwe retina. Nzira iyi kazhinji inotora awa imwe uye inopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pechirwere chako uye kufambira mberi kwayo.

Chiremba wako wemaziso achatanga nekuongorora kwemashoko kwakazara, kusanganisira kuongorora kwekuona uye kuwedzera kwezvidzidzo. Vachaongorora retina yako vachishandisa michina yakasarudzika kutsvaga drusen deposits uye mamwe marudzi ezvinhu ane macular degeneration.

Kuongororwa kuwedzerwa kunogona kusanganisira optical coherence tomography (OCT), inogadzira mifananidzo yakadzama ye retina yako, uye fluorescein angiography kuongorora kuyerera kweropa mutsinga dzako dze retina. Bvunzo ye Amsler grid inobatsira kuona kukanganisika kwekuona kwausingazive.

Kuonekwa pakutanga kunokosha nekuti kunobvumira kuongororwa kwakanaka uye kurapwa pakutanga kana chirwere chikafambira mberi. Vanhu vakawanda vanoshamisika kuziva kuti vane macular degeneration yekutanga sezvo zviratidzo zvingave zvisinganzwikwi zvakare.

Kurapa kwe dry macular degeneration chii?

Parizvino, hapana mushonga we dry macular degeneration, asi kurapwa kwakati wandei kunogona kubatsira kudzikisa kufambira mberi kwayo uye kutonga zviratidzo zvakakodzera. Nzira yacho inotsamira pane nhanho yako chaiyo ye chirwere uye mamiriro ako pachako.

Sarudzo dzekurapa dzinosanganisira:

• Mavhitamini e AREDS ekutanga uye nhanho dzakakwirira
• Kudzoreredzwa kwekuona kwakaderera uye kudzidziswa
• Zvishandiso zvinowedzera uye michina yekugadzirisa
• Chiedza chakanyanya chekuverenga uye mabasa
• Kurapa kwekuona kuti uwane zvakawanda zvaunogona kuona
• Kuongorora nguva dzose kufambira mberi kwechirwere

Kune dry macular degeneration yakakwirira, kurapwa kwatsva senge geographic atrophy injections kuri kudzidzwa uye kungave kuripo. Aya kurapwa ane chinangwa chekudzikisa kufambira mberi kwekufa kwema cell mu macula.

Chikamu chakakosha chekurapa ndicho kushanda nevanachiremba vezvikwata zvine chekuita nekuona kwakaderera vanogona kukubatsira kugadzirisa shanduko uye kuchengetedza kuzvimiririra. Vanhu vakawanda vanoshamisika kuti vanogona kushanda zvakanaka sei nezvishandiso uye nzira dzakakodzera.

Nzira yekutarisira dry macular degeneration pamba?

Kutarisira dry macular degeneration pamba kunosanganisira kuita shanduko dzinoshanda dzinoita kuti uchengetedze mabasa ako ezuva nezuva zvakachengeteka uye zvakasununguka. Shanduko diki dzinogona kuita musiyano mukuru muhupenyu hwako.

Tanga nekuvandudza chiedza mumba mako, kunyanya munzvimbo kwaunoverenga kana kuita basa rakaoma. Mwenje ye LED inopa chiedza chakajeka, chakajeka pasina kugadzira kupisa. Funga nezve chiedza chebasa remabasa chaiwo senge kuverenga kana kubika.

Gadzira nzvimbo dzako dzekugara kudzikisa njodzi dzekuwa uye kuita kuti kufamba kuve nyore. Bvisa ma rugs, ita shuwa kuti matanho ane chiedza chakakwana, uye shandisa mavara akasiyana kuti ubatsire kusiyanisa pakati pemativi nezvinhu.

Zvishandiso zvinowedzera zvinogona kubatsira nekuverenga, kubva kuma magnifiers ari nyore kusvika kumadivayisi eelektroniki anowedzera mavara pama screen. Mabhuku ane mavara makuru, zvishandiso zvinoreva, uye ma smartphone apps akagadzirirwa kubatsira kuona zvinogona kubatsira zvikuru.

Unofanira kugadzirira sei kuenda kuchiremba?

Kugadzirira kuenda kuchiremba kwako kunobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti unowana kutarisirwa kwakazara uye mibvunzo yako yose yapindurwa. Kugadzirira kwakapfava kunoita kuti kushanya kuve kwakakodzera kwauri newechiremba wako.

Uyisa runyorwa rwakazara remishonga yese nezvinowedzerwa zvauri kutora, kusanganisira zvinhu zvinotengeswa pasina chitupa. Mishonga yakati wandei inogona kukanganisa maziso ako kana kusangana nekurapa kwachiremba wako angakurudzira.

Nyora chero shanduko dzekuona dzawaona, kunyange zvazvo zvichitaridzika zvidiki. Taura kuti wakazviona rini kekutanga, kana zviri kuwedzera kuipa, uye zvinokanganisa sei mabasa ako ezuva nezuva. Iyi ruzivo inobatsira chiremba wako kunzwisisa kufambira mberi kwechirwere chako.

Funga nezvekutora nhengo yemhuri kana shamwari kukubatsira kuyeuka ruzivo rwakakosha uye kubatsira nekufamba kana zvidzidzo zvako zvichawedzerwa. Gadzira runyorwa rwemibvunzo pamusoro pechirwere chako, sarudzo dzekurapa, uye zvaunofanira kutarisira kuenda mberi.

Chii chinonyanya kukosha pamusoro pe dry macular degeneration?

Dry macular degeneration chirwere chinogona kutarisirwa icho, kunyange zvazvo chiri chakakomba, hachifanire kukanganisa hupenyu hwako zvakanyanya. Kuonekwa pakutanga uye kutarisirwa kwakakodzera kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza kuona kwako uye kuchengetedza kuzvimiririra kwako kwemakore mazhinji anotevera.

Nhanho inonyanya kukosha ndeyekuramba uine hukama nechikwata chako chekutarisira maziso uye kutevera nekuongororwa nguva dzose. Vanhu vakawanda vane macular degeneration vanoramba vachirarama hupenyu hunofadza, hunoshanda nekugadzirisa nzira dzavo dzekushanda kwezuva nezuva uye kushandisa zviwanikwa zviripo.

Yeuka kuti rutsigiro ruripo kuburikidza nevanachiremba vezvikwata zvine chekuita nekuona kwakaderera, mapoka ekutsigira, uye tekinoroji yekugadzirisa. Hausi wega munzira iyi, uye nezvishandiso uye mafungiro akanaka, unogona kubudirira kufamba nematambudziko anogona kuitika.

Mibvunzo inobvunzwa kazhinji pamusoro pe dry macular degeneration

Dry macular degeneration ichaita here kuti ndive bofu zvachose?

Dry macular degeneration haina kazhinji kukonzera kubofu zvachose. Kunyange zvazvo zvingakanganisa zvikuru kuona kwako kwepakati, kuona kwako kwepasi kazhinji kunoramba kwakasimba, kukubvumira kuchengetedza kufamba uye kuzvimiririra. Vanhu vakawanda vanogadzirisa zvakanaka aya marudzi ezvinhu nekutsigirwa kwakakodzera nezvishandiso.

Dry macular degeneration inokurumidza sei kufambira mberi?

Dry macular degeneration kazhinji inononoka kufambira mberi kwemakore mazhinji. Nhanho dzekutanga dzinogona kuramba dzakasimba kwemakore mazhinji, nepo nhanho dzepakati dzichingafambira mberi kuita fomu dzakakwirira kwemakore akati wandei. Kuongorora nguva dzose kunobatsira kutevera chero shanduko mukutambira mberi.

Dry macular degeneration inogona kukanganisa maziso ese here?

Hongu, dry macular degeneration inogona kukanganisa maziso ese, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji ichikura mune rimwe zuva rekutanga. Kana uine mune rimwe zuva, une njodzi yakawedzerwa yekukura mune rimwe zuva nekufamba kwenguva. Zvisinei, kufambira mberi uye kukomba kunogona kusiyana zvikuru pakati pemaziso.

Pane kurapwa kwatsva kuri kuvandudzwa here?

Vatsvakurudzi vari kudzidza kurapwa kwatsva kwe dry macular degeneration, kusanganisira stem cell therapy, gene therapy, uye mishonga yekudzikisa geographic atrophy. Kurapwa kwakati kwakadzidzwa kwe dry AMD yakakwirira kwave kuwanikwa, zvichipa tariro itsva kune varwere.

Ndinofanira kurega kufamba nemotokari here kana ndine dry macular degeneration?

Kwete zvakakosha. Vanhu vakawanda vane dry macular degeneration yekutanga kusvika pakati vanogona kuramba vachifamba nemotokari zvakachengeteka, kunyanya panguva yezuva. Zvisinei, unofanira kuve nekuongororwa kwekuona nguva dzose uye uve wechokwadi pamusoro pechero matambudziko aunonzwa. Chiremba wako wemaziso anogona kukubatsira kuona kuti rini kuchinja kufamba nemotokari kana kurega kungave kwakakodzera kuchengetedza.