Endocarditis

Endocarditis chirwere chinotyisa chinopisa ganda remunhu mukati mekamuri yemoyo nemavharuvhu. Ganda iri rinonzi endocardium.

Endocarditis kazhinji inokonzerwa nehutachiona. Mabhakitiriya, howa kana zvimwe zvipembenene zvinopinda muropa uye zvinonamatira kunzvimbo dzakakuvadzwa mumoyo. Zvinhu zvinoita kuti uve nechokwadi chekuwana endocarditis ndeye mavharuvhu emoyo ekugadzira, mavharuvhu emoyo akakuvadzwa kana zvimwe zvikanganiso zvemoyo.

Pasina kurapwa nekukurumidza, endocarditis inogona kukuvadza kana kuparadza mavharuvhu emoyo. Kurapwa kweendocarditis kunosanganisira mishonga nekuvhiya.

Zviratidzo zve endocarditis zvinogona kusiyana kubva kune munhu kuenda kune mumwe munhu. Endocarditis inogona kukura zvishoma nezvishoma kana kamwe kamwe. Zvinoenderana nerudzi rwehutachiona hunokonzera chirwere uye kana paine mamwe matambudziko emwoyo.

Zviratidzo zvakajairika zve endocarditis zvinosanganisira:

• Kurwadziwa kwemhasuru nemapfupa
• Kurwadziwa pabvudzi kana uchifema
• Kuneta
• Zviratidzo zvakaita sechirwere chemafuru, sekufamba kwemhepo uye kunotonhora
• Kupererwa neperspiration usiku
• Kushomeka kwemhepo
• Kuchema tsoka, makumbo kana mudumbu
• Inzwi idzva kana rakachinja rekuchema mumoyo (murmur)

Zviratidzo zve endocarditis zvisingawanzoitika zvinosanganisira:

• Kurasikirwa nehuremu pasina tsananguro
• Ropa mumukaka
• Kurwadziwa pasi pebvi rekuruboshwe (spleen)
• Mabhuru matsvuku, epepuru kana machena asina kurwadza pasi petsoka kana pamaoko (Janeway lesions)
• Mabhuru matsvuku kana epepuru anorwadza kana mavara akasviba (hyperpigmented) pamigumo yeminwe kana zvigunwe (Osler nodes)
• Mabhuru madiki epepuru, matsvuku kana machena akapoteredzwa paganda (petechiae), mumaziso machena kana mukati memukanwa

Kana uine zviratidzo zve endocarditis, ona chiremba wako nekukurumidza sezvinobvira — kunyanya kana uine chirwere chemwoyo chawakazvarwa nacho kana nhoroondo ye endocarditis. Zvirwere zvisingakuvadzi zvakanyanya zvinogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakafanana. Kuongororwa kwakakodzera nemunyanzvi wehutano kunodiwa kuti uite chirwere. Kana wakazivikanwa ne endocarditis uye uine chero chezviratidzo zvinotevera, taura nachiremba wako. Izvi zviratidzo zvinogona kureva kuti chirwere chiri kuipa:

• Kufenda
• Kupisa
• Kurwadziwa kwemusoro
• Kurwadziwa kwemashure
• Kushomeka kwemhepo

Endocarditis kazhinji inokonzerwa nehutachiona hwembumbwa, howa kana zvimwe zvipembenene. Zvipembenene izvi zvinopinda muropa uye zvinoenda kumoyo. Mumo, zvinonamatira pamavavha emoyo akakuvara kana kune tishu yemoyo yakakuvara.

Kazhinji, sisitimu yemuviri yekudzivirira inoparadza mabhakitiriya ose anokuvadza anopinda muropa. Zvisinei, mabhakitiriya ari paganda kana mumuromo, muhuro kana mumatumbu (matumbo) anogona kupinda muropa uye kukonzera endocarditis pazvikonzero zvakakodzera.

Zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvinogona kukonzera kuti zvipembenene zvipinde muropa uye zvikonzere endocarditis. Kuva nevhara remwoyo rakanganisika, rakakuvara kana rakakuvara kunowedzera njodzi yechirwere ichi. Zvisinei, endocarditis inogona kuitika kune avo vasina matambudziko evhara remwoyo.

Zvinokonzera njodzi ye endocarditis zvinosanganisira:

• Uchuru hwakawanda. Endocarditis inowanzoitika muvakuru vane makore anopfuura makumi matanhatu.
• Mavhara emwoyo ekugadzira. Zvipembenene zvine mukana mukuru wekunamatira pahwara remwoyo rekugadzira (prosthetic) kupfuura pahwara remwoyo rakajairika.
• Mavhara emwoyo akakuvara. Zvimwe zvirwere zvepanyama, sekufamba kwemwoyo kana hutachiona, zvinogona kukuvadza kana kukanganisa rimwe kana mamwe emavara emwoyo, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekutapukirwa. Nhoroondo ye endocarditis inowedzerawo njodzi yekutapukirwa.
• Kukanganisika kwemwoyo kubva pakuzvarwa. Kuzvarwa nezvimwe zviitiko zvepanyama zvemoyo, sekusagadzikana kwemwoyo kana mavara emwoyo akakuvara, kunowedzera njodzi yekutapukirwa kwemwoyo.
• Chishandiso chemwoyo chakashongedzwa. Mabhakitiriya anogona kunamatira pachishandiso chakashongedzwa, sekunge pacemaker, ichikonzera hutachiona hwekunze kwemwoyo.
• Kushandisa zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo zve intravenous (IV). Kushandisa ma IV needles asina kuchena kunogona kukonzera hutachiona senge endocarditis. Zvinhu zvisina kuchena nezvishandiso zvinonyanya kunetseka kune vanhu vanoshandisa zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo zve IV, senge heroin kana cocaine.
• Hutano hwemeno husina kunaka. Muromo une hutano uye mazino ane hutano zvinokosha pakutarisira hutano hwakanaka. Kana iwe usingacheneswi uye usingasukuri nguva dzose, mabhakitiriya anogona kukura mumuromo mako uye anogona kupinda muropa rako kuburikidza nekucheka pagamu rako. Zvimwe zviito zvemazino zvinogona kucheka magamu zvinogonawo kubvumira mabhakitiriya kupinda muropa.
• Kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwe catheter. Catheter chubhu duku chinoshandiswa kuita mamwe maitiro ekurapa. Kuve ne catheter kwenguva yakareba (indwelling catheter) kunowedzera njodzi ye endocarditis.

Mukukuya wemagariro, kukura kusingawanzo kwakaitwa nehutachiona nezvikamu zvemasero kunoita mashoma mumoyo. Aya mapoka anonzi vegetations. Anogona kuputsika uye kufamba kuenda kuuropi, mapapu, itsvo nedzimwe nhengo. Anogona zvakare kufamba kuenda kumatunhu emuviri nemakumbo. Zvinetso zvekuya wemagariro zvinogona kusanganisira: * Kufa kwemoyo * Kukuvadzwa kwevavha yemoyo * Kutadza kwehuropi * Mabhegi emapundu akaunganidzwa (abscesses) anokura mumoyo, uropi, mapapu nedzimwe nhengo * Ropa rinogwamba mumoyo wemapapu (pulmonary embolism) * Kukuvadzwa kweitsvo * Tsoka yakakura

Unogona kutevera matanho anotevera kuti ubatsirwe kudzivirira endocarditis:

• Ziva zviratidzo nezviratidzo zve endocarditis. Ona chiremba wako pakarepo kana ukawana chero zviratidzo zvehutachiona — kunyanya fivha isingaperi, kushaya simba kusingatsananguriki, chero rudzi rwehutachiona hwepamoyo, kana kucheka kwakavhurika kana maronda asingarapiki zvakanaka.
• Tarisa mazino ako nemaronda. Geza mazino ako nemaronda kazhinji. Ita kuongororwa kwemazino nguva dzose. Kuchenesa mazino kwakanaka chikamu chakakosha chekuchengetedza hutano hwako hwese.
• Usashandise mishonga ye IV isina mutemo. Zvinyorwa zvisina kuchena zvinogona kutumira mabhakitiriya muropa, zvichiwedzera njodzi ye endocarditis.

Kuti aone kana munhu ane endocarditis, chiremba anoita bvunzo yemuviri uye anobvunza mibvunzo nezve nhoroondo yako yezvokurapa uye zviratidzo. Kunoitwa bvunzo dzokubatsira kusimbisa kana kuramba endocarditis.

Bvunzo dzinoshandiswa kubatsira kuona endocarditis dzinosanganisira:

Echocardiogram. Mafungu ezwi anoshandiswa kugadzira mifananidzo yemoyo unorova. Bvunzo iyi inoratidza kuti mapapu emoyo nemavharuvhu zvinoshanda sei kuburitsa ropa. Inogonawo kuratidza chimiro chemoyo. Chiremba wako angashandisa marudzi maviri akasiyana e echocardiograms kubatsira kuona endocarditis.

Mu echocardiogram yakajairwa (transthoracic), chishandiso chakaita sedanda (transducer) chinofambiswa pamusoro penyika yepfupa. Chishandiso ichi chinotungamira mafungu ezwi kumoyo uye chinoarekodha sezvinobva zvadzoka.

Mu transesophageal echocardiogram, chubhu inofamba ine transducer inotungamirwa pasi pehuro uye mukati mechubhu inobatanidza muromo nechidya (esophagus). Transesophageal echocardiogram inopa mifananidzo yakadzama kwazvo yemoyo kupfuura inogoneka ne echocardiogram yakajairwa.

• Blood culture test. Bvunzo iyi inobatsira kuziva hutachiona muropa. Mhedzisiro yebvunzo iyi inobatsira kuona antibiotic kana musanganiswa we antibiotics anoshandiswa kurapa.

• Complete blood count. Bvunzo iyi inogona kuona kana paine masero machena akawanda eropa, izvo zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chehutachiona. Kuverenga kwakakwana kweropa kunogonawo kubatsira kuona huwandu hushoma hwe masero matsvuku eropa ane hutano (anemia), izvo zvinogona kuva chiratidzo che endocarditis. Kunoitwawo mamwe bvunzo dzeropa.

• Echocardiogram. Mafungu ezwi anoshandiswa kugadzira mifananidzo yemoyo unorova. Bvunzo iyi inoratidza kuti mapapu emoyo nemavharuvhu zvinoshanda sei kuburitsa ropa. Inogonawo kuratidza chimiro chemoyo. Chiremba wako angashandisa marudzi maviri akasiyana e echocardiograms kubatsira kuona endocarditis.

  Mu echocardiogram yakajairwa (transthoracic), chishandiso chakaita sedanda (transducer) chinofambiswa pamusoro penyika yepfupa. Chishandiso ichi chinotungamira mafungu ezwi kumoyo uye chinoarekodha sezvinobva zvadzoka.

  Mu transesophageal echocardiogram, chubhu inofamba ine transducer inotungamirwa pasi pehuro uye mukati mechubhu inobatanidza muromo nechidya (esophagus). Transesophageal echocardiogram inopa mifananidzo yakadzama kwazvo yemoyo kupfuura inogoneka ne echocardiogram yakajairwa.

• Electrocardiogram (ECG kana EKG). Bvunzo iyi inokurumidza uye isina kurwadza inoyeresa basa remagetsi remoyo. Panguva ye electrocardiogram (ECG), masenisa (electrodes) anobatwa pachipfuva uye dzimwe nguva pazvibhakera kana makumbo. Haishandiswi zvakanyanya kuona endocarditis, asi inogona kuratidza kana pane chimwe chinhu chinoita kuti basa remagetsi remoyo rikanganisike.

• Chest X-ray. Chest X-ray inoratidza mamiriro emapapu ne moyo. Inogona kubatsira kuona kana endocarditis yakakonzeresa kuzvimba kwemoyo kana kana hutachiona hwakapararira ku mapapu.

• Computerized tomography (CT) scan kana magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ungada scans yemusoro wako, chipfuva kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri wako kana chiremba wako achifunga kuti hutachiona hwakapararira kunzvimbo idzodzo.