Glaucoma
Pfupiso
Glaucoma chirwere chemaziso chinovhiringidza tsinga yemaziso. Kukuvadzwa uku kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nekuona kana kuburira. Tsinga yemaziso inotumira ruzivo rwekuona kubva kumaziso ako kuenda kuuropi uye inokosha pakutarisa zvakanaka. Kukuvadzwa kutsinga yemaziso kazhinji kunobatanidzwa nekumanikidza kwakanyanya mumaziso. Asi glaucoma inogona kuitika kunyangwe nekuchinja kwemaziso kwakajairwa. Glaucoma inogona kuitika pazera ripi zvaro asi inowanzoitika muvakuru vakwegura. Ndiyo imwe yezvikonzero zvikuru zvekurira kwevanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu. Mhando dzakawanda dze glaucoma hazvina zviratidzo zvekutanga. Mhedzisiro yacho iri nenzira yakapfava zvekuti ungasazive kuchinja kwekuona kusvika mamiriro acho ari mumamiriro ekupedzisira. Zvakakosha kuita bvunzo dzemaziso nguva dzose dzinosanganisira kuyerwa kwekumanikidza kwemaziso ako. Kana glaucoma ikawanikwa pakutanga, kurasikirwa nekuona kunogona kunonoka kana kudzivirirwa. Kana uine glaucoma, uchada kurapwa kana kutarisa kweupenyu hwako hwese.
Zviratidzo
Zviratidzo zve glaucoma zvinoenderana nerudzi uye nhanho yechirwere ichi. Hapana zviratidzo mumavambo. Zvishoma nezvishoma, maburi ekuona ari kure nepakati pekuona kwako. Kuona kwakakomberedza kunonziwo peripheral vision. Munhanho dzekupedzisira, kuoma kuona zvinhu pakati pekuona kwako. Kurwadziwa kwemuromo. Kurwadziwa kwakasimba kweziso. Kusvotwa kana kurutsa. Kuona kusapfava. Mhete dzine mavara kana dzine mavara akapoteredza mwenje. Kutsvuka kweziso. Hapana zviratidzo mumavambo. Zvishoma nezvishoma, kuona kusapfava. Munhanho dzekupedzisira, kurasikirwa nekuona kwakakomberedza. Ziso rakapfava kana rakafukidzwa (vana vacheche). Kuwedzera kwekupeta maziso (vana vacheche). Misodzi isina kuchema (vana vacheche). Kuona kusapfava. Kuona kwepedyo kunowedzera kuipa. Kurwadziwa kwemusoro. Mhete dzakapoteredza mwenje. Kuona kusapfava nekuita zvemitambo. Kurasikirwa zvishoma nezvishoma nekuona kwakakomberedza. Kana uine zviratidzo zvinouya kamwe kamwe, ungave une acute angle-closure glaucoma. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kurwadziwa kwemusoro uye kurwadziwa kwakasimba kweziso. Unoda kurapwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Enda kuimba yekukurumidza kurapwa kana kufona chiremba weziso, anonzi ophthalmologist, nekukurumidza.
Nguva yekunoona chiremba
Kana uine zviratidzo zvinouya kamwe kamwe, ungave une glaucoma yakapinza kona. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kurwadziwa kwemusoro kwakaipa nekukuvadzwa kwakasimba kweziso. Unoda kurapwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Enda kuimba rekuvharirwa kwezvipatara kana kufona kuna chiremba wemaziso, anonzi ophthalmologist, nekukurumidza.
Zvinokonzera
Glaucoma inoitika kana nerve ye optic ikakuvara. Sezvo nerve iyi ichiwedzera kuipa, nzvimbo dzemapofu dzinoumbwa mukuona kwako. Nezvikonzero zvisinganzwisisike zvizere nevanachiremba veziso, kukuvara uku kwenerve kazhinji kunobatanidzwa nekuwedzera kwekumanikidza mumaziso. Kumanikidza kwakakwira kwemaziso kunoitika semhedzisiro yekuvakwa kwemafluid anoyerera mukati memaziso. Iyi fluid, inonzi aqueous humor, kazhinji inoyerera kuburikidza ne tishu iri pakona umo iris ne cornea zvinosangana. Iyi tishu inonzi trabecular meshwork. Cornea inokosha pakuona nekuti inobvumira chiedza kupinda mumaziso. Kana maziso akaita fluid yakawanda kana system yekudonha isingashande zvakanaka, kumanikidza kwemaziso kunogona kuwedzera. Iyi ndiyo fomu inowanzoitika ye glaucoma. Angle yekudonha yakagadzirwa ne iris ne cornea inoramba yakavhurika. Asi zvimwe zvikamu zve system yekudonha hazvidhonhe zvakanaka. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira pakuwedzera kwakanyanya, kwakanyanya kumanikidza kwemaziso. Iyi fomu ye glaucoma inoitika kana iris ikabuda. Iris inobuda inovhara zvishoma kana zvizere angle yekudonha. Semugumisiro, fluid haigone kuyerera kuburikidza nemaziso uye kumanikidza kuwedzera. Angle-closure glaucoma inogona kuitika kamwe kamwe kana zvishoma nezvishoma. Hapana anoziva chikonzero chaicho chekuti nei nerve ye optic ikakuvara kana kumanikidza kwemaziso kuri kwakanaka. Nerve ye optic inogona kuva yakanyanya kunzwa kana kuve nekuyerera kweropa kushoma. Kuyerera uku kweropa kunogona kukonzerwa nekuvakwa kwemafuta mu arteries kana zvimwe zvipatadzo zvinokuvadza kuyerera kweropa. Kuvakwa kwemafuta mu arteries kunonyanya kuzivikanwa se atherosclerosis. Mwana anogona kuberekwa ane glaucoma kana kuibuditsa mumakore mashoma ekutanga ehupenyu. Kudzivirira kudonha, kukuvara kana mamiriro ezvechiremba anogona kukonzera kukuvara kwenerve ye optic. Mu pigmentary glaucoma, granules diki dze pigment dzinobva padanho re iris uye dzinodzivisa kana kudzikisa kudonha kwe fluid kubva mumaziso. Mabasa akadai sekumhanya dzimwe nguva anokurudzira granules dze pigment. Izvo zvinotungamira pakuunganidzwa kwe granules dze pigment pane tishu iri pakona umo iris ne cornea zvinosangana. Kuunganidzwa kwe granules kunokonzera kuwedzera kwekumanikidza. Glaucoma inowanzoitika mumhuri. Kune vamwe vanhu, masayendisiti akaona majeni ane chekuita nekumanikidza kwakakwira kwemaziso ne kukuvara kwenerve ye optic.
Zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi
'Glaucoma inogona kukuvadza kuona usati waziva zviratidzo zvipi zvapi. Saka ziva nezvezvinokonzera njodzi idzi: Kumanikidzwa kwepamusoro mukati memaziso, kunziwo intraocular pressure. \nHukuru kupfuura makore 55.\nRuvara rweganda dema, reAsia kana reHispanic.\nNhoroondo yemhuri yeglaucoma.\nZvimwe zvirwere, zvakadai sedayabetes, migraine, kumanikidzwa kwepamusoro kweropa uye sickle cell anemia.\nCorneas dzine matete pakati.\nKureba kwazvo kana kureba kwazvo.\nKukuvadzwa kwemaziso kana mamwe marudzi ekubata kweamaziso.\nKushandisa mishonga ye corticosteroid, kunyanya madonhwe emaziso, kwenguva yakareba. Vamwe vanhu vane angles dzakamanikana dzekudonha, zvichiita kuti vave panjodzi yakawanda ye angle-closure glaucoma.'
Kudzivirira
Matanho aya angakubatsira kuwana uye kutonga glaucoma pakutanga kwaro. Izvo zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwekutarisa kana kunonoka kufambira mberi kwaro.
- Ita bvunzo dzemaziso nguva dzose. Kubvunza maziso nguva dzose kunogona kubatsira kuwana glaucoma pakutanga kwaro, usati waona kukuvara kukuru. Seimwe mitemo, American Academy of Ophthalmology inokurudzira bvunzo yakazara yemaziso makore ese 5 kusvika ku10 kana uine makore pasi pe40; makore ese 2 kusvika ku4 kana uine makore 40 kusvika ku54; gore rega rega kusvika ku3 kana uine makore 55 kusvika ku64; uye gore rega rega kusvika ku2 kana uine makore anopfuura 65. Kana uri pangozi yeglaucoma, uchada kuongororwa kazhinji. Bvunza nyanzvi yehutano kuti ikurudzire purogiramu yekuongorora yakakodzera kwauri.
- Ziya nhoroondo yehutano hwemhuri yako yemaziso. Glaucoma inowanzoitika mumhuri. Kana uri pangozi yakawedzera, ungada kuongororwa kazhinji.
- Pfeka kuchengetedza maziso. Kukuvadzwa kwakakomba kwemaziso kunogona kutungamira kuglaucoma. Pfeka kuchengetedza maziso paunenge uchishandisa zvishandiso zvine simba kana kutamba mitambo. Ita bvunzo dzemaziso nguva dzose. Kubvunza maziso nguva dzose kunogona kubatsira kuwana glaucoma pakutanga kwaro, usati waona kukuvara kukuru. Seimwe mitemo, American Academy of Ophthalmology inokurudzira bvunzo yakazara yemaziso makore ese 5 kusvika ku10 kana uine makore pasi pe40; makore ese 2 kusvika ku4 kana uine makore 40 kusvika ku54; gore rega rega kusvika ku3 kana uine makore 55 kusvika ku64; uye gore rega rega kusvika ku2 kana uine makore anopfuura 65. Kana uri pangozi yeglaucoma, uchada kuongororwa kazhinji. Bvunza nyanzvi yehutano kuti ikurudzire purogiramu yekuongorora yakakodzera kwauri. Kwenguva yakareba yehupenyu hwake hwevakuru, Billy Dowell Jr. akagara aine chirwere chakakomba chekuzvidzivirira kwemuviri chakanyanya kutyisidzira kwete chete hope dzake dzekutamba gorofu yeprofesa, asi kuvapo kwake. Chirwere chake chakakonzera kuzvimba kwemarwadzo e pelvic joint, chakakonzera ura rakabvaruka, uye chakatungamira kuglaucoma. Chakaenderera mberi, chisina kupera, uye chisina kunaka kwazvo. “Ndapfuura nemiedzo yakaoma kwazvo,” anodaro Billy, mugari weJacksonville, Florida, uyo akatamira ikoko muna May…
Kuongorora
Nyanzvi yekutarisira maziso ichaongorora nhoroondo yako yezvokurapa uye kuita bvunzo yakazara yemaziso. Kuongororwa kwakati wandei kunogona kuitwa, kusanganisira:
- Kuongorora kukuvara kwe optic nerve nebvunzo yemaziso yakakura uye bvunzo dzekuona mifananidzo.
- Kuongorora nzvimbo dzekuona kwakashata, zvinozivikanwawo sebvunzo yemunda wekuona.
- Kuyeresa ukobvu hwe cornea nebvunzo inonzi pachymetry.
- Kuongorora kona yekudonha, zvinozivikanwawo se gonioscopy.
Kurapa
Kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa neglaucoma hakungadzorwi. Asi kurapwa uye kuongororwa nguva dzose kunogona kubatsira kudzikisira kana kudzivirira kurasikirwa nekuona, kunyanya kana chirwere ichi chawanikwa mumavambo acho. Mishonga yemasuwo emaziso inosanganisira:
- Vamhibitor ve carbonic anhydrase. Mishonga iyi inoderedza kugadzirwa kwemvura iri mumaziso. Zvienzaniso zvinosanganisira dorzolamide ne brinzolamide (Azopt). Zvinogona kukonzera zvinotevera: kuravira kwesimbi, kuenda kunzvimbo kazhinji, uye kupenya mumaoko nemunzira. Rudzi urwu rwemushonga runowanzotaurwa kuti rushandiswe kaviri pazuva asi dzimwe nguva runogona kutaurwa kuti rushandiswe katatu pazuva.
- Miotic kana kuti cholinergic agents. Idzi dzinowedzera kubuda kwemvura kubva mumaziso. Muenzaniso ndewepilocarpine (Isopto Carpine). Zvinogona kukonzera zvinotevera: kurwadziwa kwemusoro, kurwadziwa kwemaziso, vadzidzi vaduku, kuona kusapfava kana kusapfava, uye kusapfava. Rudzi urwu rwemushonga runowanzotaurwa kuti rushandiswe kusvika kane mana pazuva. Nekuda kwezvinogona kukonzera uye kudikanwa kwekuishandisa kazhinji zuva nezuva, mishonga iyi haichapiwi kazhinji. Zvinogona kukonzera zvinotevera: kuzvimba kwakasviba uye kupenya kwemaziso, kusimba kweiris, kusimba kwe pigment ye eyelashes kana ganda re eyelid, uye kuona kusapfava. Rudzi urwu rwemushonga runotaurwa kuti rushandiswe kamwe chete pazuva. Alpha-adrenergic agonists. Idzi dzinoderedza kugadzirwa kwemvura inoyerera mukati memaziso. Dzinowedzerawo kubuda kwemvura iri mumaziso. Zvienzaniso zvinosanganisira apraclonidine (Iopidine) ne brimonidine (Alphagan P, Qoliana). Unogona kupiwa mishonga yakawanda yemasuwo emaziso kana kuti unoda kushandisa misodzi yakagadzirwa. Ita shuwa kuti umirire kwemaminitsi mashanu pakati pekushandisa madonhwe akasiyana.
- Laser therapy. Laser trabeculoplasty (truh-BEK-u-low-plas-tee) inzira kana madonhwe emaziso asingakwanisi kushikwa. Inogona kushandiswawo kana mushonga usingadzikisire kufambira mberi kwechirwere. Chiremba wemaziso anogonawo kukurudzira kuvhiya kwe laser usati washandisa madonhwe emaziso. Inoitwa muhofisi yechiremba wemaziso. Chiremba wemaziso anoshandisa laser duku kuti aite kuti tishu iri pakona umo iris necornea zvinosangana zvibude. Zvinogona kutora mavhiki mashoma usati waona mhedzisiro yakazara yekuita uku.
- Filtering surgery. Iri ibasa rekurapa rinonzi trabeculectomy (truh-bek-u-LEK-tuh-me). Chiremba wemaziso anoita gomba muchena cheziso, iro rinozivikanwawo se sclera. Kuita uku kunogadzira nzvimbo imwe yekuti mvura ibude mumaziso.
Chiziviso: August ipuratifomu yemashoko ehutano uye mhinduro dzayo haisi zano rekurapa. Gara uchibvunza nyanzvi yezvekurapa ine rezinesi pedyo newe usati waita chero shanduko.
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