Glomerulonephritis

Itsvo yebvudzi inobvisa tsvina nemvura yakawandisa kubva muropa kuburikidza nezvikamu zvekuchera zvinonzi nephrons. Nephron imwe neimwe ine chicherwa, chinonzi glomerulus. Chicherwa chimwe nechimwe chine midziyo midiki yeropa inonzi capillaries. Kana ropa rikapinda mu glomerulus, zvidimbu zvidiki, zvinonzi molecules, zvemvura, maminerari nezvicherwa, uye tsvina zvinopfuura nemakomo e capillary. Molecules makuru, akadai semapuroteni nema cell matsvuku eropa, hazviiti. Chikamu chinoyerwa chinopfuura kune chimwe chikamu che nephron chinonzi tubule. Mvura, zvinovaka muviri uye maminerari anotambirwa muviri anotumirwa kudzokera kuropa. Mvura yakawandisa netsvina inova weewee inoyerera kuenda kubladder.

Glomerulonephritis (gloe-MER-u-loe-nuh-FRY-tis) kuzvimba kwezvikamu zvidiki zvekuchera muitsvo (glomeruli). Mvura yakawandisa netsvina inobviswa ne glomeruli (gloe-MER-u-lie) kubva muropa inobuda mumuviri seweewee. Glomerulonephritis inogona kuuya kamwe kamwe (yakapinza) kana zvishoma nezvishoma (yakagara).

Glomerulonephritis inoitika pachayo kana sechikamu chechirwere chimwe, sekunge lupus kana chirwere cheshuga. Kuzvimba kwakasimba kana kwenguva refu kunobatanidzwa ne glomerulonephritis kunogona kukuvadza itsvo. Kurapa kunoenderana nerudzi rwe glomerulonephritis raunayo.

Zviratidzo nezvimwe zvirwere zveglomerulonephritis zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekunge une chirwere chacho chakapinza kana chenguva refu uye chikonzero chacho. Ungasawona zviratidzo zvechirwere chenguva refu. Chiratidzo chako chekutanga chekuti chimwe chinhu hachifambi zvakanaka chingabva mumiyedzo yekutanga yeweti (urinalysis). Zviratidzo nezvimwe zvirwere zveglomerulonephritis zvinogona kusanganisira: Weti ine ruvara rwakatsvukuruka kana serweti ine cola kubva kumasero matsvuku eropa ari mweti yako (hematuria). Weti ine mhangura kana mahwendefa nekuda kwemaproteni akawandisa mweti (proteinuria). Kuderera kweropa (hypertension). Kuunganidzwa kwemvura mumuviri (edema) nekuzvimba kunooneka pachiso chako, maoko, tsoka, uye mudumbu. Kuenda kumberi kunopfuura zvakajairwa. Kusvotwa uye kurutsa. Marwadzo emhasuru. Kushaya simba. Rongai nguva nekukurumidza nachiremba wenyu kana muine zviratidzo kana zvimwe zvirwere zveglomerulonephritis.

Kana uine zviratidzo kana zvimwe zviratidzo zve glomerulonephritis, bvunza chiremba wako nokukurumidza.

Zvirwere zvizhinji zvinogona kukonzera glomerulonephritis. Dzimwe nguva chirwere ichi chinofamba mumhuri uye dzimwe nguva chikonzero hachizivikanwi. Zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera kuzvimba kwe glomeruli zvinosanganisira zvirwere zvinotevera. Zvirwere zvinotapukira zvinogona kutungamira zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga ku glomerulonephritis. Aya ma infections anosanganisira: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Glomerulonephritis inogona kukura svondo kana maviri mushure mekupora kubva pakurwara kwe strep throat kana, zvisingawanzoitika, chirwere che ganda chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwe streptococcal (impetigo). Kunetseka kunoitika kana antibodies kune mabhakitiriya akawanda mu glomeruli. Vana vanowanzo kukura post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis kupfuura vakuru, uye vanowanzo kupora nekukurumidza. Bacterial endocarditis. Bacterial endocarditis chirwere che lining yemukati yechikamu chemoyo wako ne valves. Hazvina kujeka kana kuzvimba muitsvo kuri mugumisiro we immune system activity chete kana zvimwe zvinhu. Viral kidney infections. Viral infections yeitsvo, senge hepatitis B nehepatitis C, inokonzera kuzvimba kwe glomeruli nezvimwe zvinyama zveitsvo. HIV. Kuva neHIV, hutachiona hunokonzera AIDS, kunogona kutungamira ku glomerulonephritis nekukuvadzwa kweitsvo kwenguva refu, kunyangwe usati wasvika paAIDS. Zvirwere zve autoimmune ndizvirwere zvinokonzerwa ne immune system inorwisa zvinyama zvine hutano. Zvirwere zve autoimmune zvinogona kukonzera glomerulonephritis zvinosanganisira: Lupus. Chirwere chinopisa chinoramba chichiitika, systemic lupus erythematosus inogona kukanganisa zvikamu zvakawanda zvemuviri wako, kusanganisira ganda rako, majoini, itsvo, masero eropa, moyo nemapapu. Goodpasture's syndrome. Mukurwara uku kushoma, kunonziwo anti-GBM chirwere, immune system inogadzira antibodies kune zvinyama mumapapu neitsvo. Inogona kukonzera kukuvara kwenguva refu uye kwenguva refu kune itsvo. IgA nephropathy. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) ndiyo antibody iri mutsetse wekutanga wekudzivirira kubva kune zvinhu zvinotapukira. IgA nephropathy inoitika kana deposits ye antibody yakawanda mu glomeruli. Kunetseka nekukuvadzwa kunotevera kungasazivikanwi kwenguva yakareba. Chiratidzo chinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiro ropa mumukaka. Vasculitis kuzvimba kwe midziyero yeropa. Marudzi e vasculitis anogona kukonzera glomerulonephritis anosanganisira: Polyarteritis. Iyi fomu ye vasculitis inokanganisa midziyero yeropa yepakati nemidiki muzvikamu zvakawanda zvemuviri wako, kusanganisira itsvo, ganda, minhanho, majoini ne digestive tract. Granulomatosis ine polyangiitis. Iyi fomu ye vasculitis, yakambozivikanwa se Wegener's granulomatosis, inokanganisa midziyero yeropa midiki nepakati mumapapu ako, nzira dzekumusoro uye itsvo. Zvimwe zvirwere kana mamiriro ezvinhu zvinokonzera kuchema kwe glomeruli kunoguma nekushanda kwakaipa uye kunodzikira kweitsvo. Izvi zvinosanganisira: Kuderera kweropa. Kwenguva refu, kuderera kweropa kusina kutarisirwa kunogona kukonzera kuchema nekuzvimba kwe glomeruli. Glomerulonephritis inodzivisa basa reitsvo mukutonga kweropa. Diabetic kidney disease (diabetic nephropathy). Matanho epamusoro eshuga anowedzera kuchema kwe glomeruli uye anowedzera huwandu hweropa rinoyerera kuburikidza ne nephrons. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Mukurwara uku, kuchema kunopararira pakati pe glomeruli. Izvi zvinogona kuva mugumisiro wechirwere chimwe chete, kana zvingaitika pasina chikonzero chinozivikanwa. Zvisingawanzoitika, chronic glomerulonephritis inofamba mumhuri. Imwe fomu yakagara nhaka, Alport syndrome, inogona kukanganisa kunzwa kana kuona. Glomerulonephritis inobatanidzwa nezvirwere zvakati, senge gastric cancer, lung cancer uye chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Zvimwe zvirwere zve autoimmune zvine hukama ne glomerulonephritis.

'Glomerulonephritis inokanganisa kukwanisa kwe nephrons kucherechedza ropa zvakanaka. Kukanganisa uku kwekutarisa kunounza zvinotevera: Kuwanda kwezvinhu zvisina basa kana chepfu muropa. Kusagadzikana kwezvinhu zvakakosha uye zvinovaka muviri. Kurasikirwa nema cell matsvuku eropa. Kurasikirwa ne protein yeropa. Zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwe glomerulonephritis zvinosanganisira: Kukundikana kwepfungwa. Kukundikana kwepfungwa ndiko kudonha kwenguva pfupi, nekukurumidza kwemabasa epfungwa, kazhinji kunobatanidzwa nechirwere chinokonzera glomerulonephritis. Kuwanda kwezvinhu zvisina basa nemvura zvinogona kuuraya kana zvisina kurapwa nekukurumidza nemuchina wekucherechedza (dialysis). Itsvo kazhinji dzinodzoka kune basa ravo rekare mushure mekupora. Chirwere cheitsvo chenguva refu. Kunetseka kwenguva refu kunokonzera kukuvara kwenguva refu uye kudonha kwemabasa eitsvo. Chirwere cheitsvo chenguva refu kazhinji chinotaurwa sekuvadzika kweitsvo kana kudonha kwemabasa kwemavhiki matatu kana kupfuura. Chirwere cheitsvo chenguva refu chinogona kuwedzera kuenda kune chirwere cheitsvo chekupedzisira, chinoda dialysis kana kupanwa kweitsvo. Kuderera kweropa. Kukuvara kwe glomeruli kubva pakunetseka kana kutsva kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kweropa. Nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome chirwere chine protein yakawanda yeropa mumukaka uye shoma muropa. Mapuroteni aya ane basa rekudzora mvura uye cholesterol. Kudonha kwe protein yeropa kunokonzera cholesterol yakawanda, kuderera kweropa uye kuzvimba (edema) chiso, maoko, tsoka uye mudumbu. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitika, nephrotic syndrome inogona kukonzera ropa rakaoma mumuchina weropa reitsvo.'

Zvimwe zvekugara kwe glomerulonephritis hazvingadzivisiki. Zvisinei, heano mamwe matanho anogona kubatsira:

• Tsvaga kurapwa nekukurumidza kwehutachiona hwe strep nekurwadziwa kwemutsipa kana impetigo.
• Kuti udzivise hutachiona hunogona kukonzera mamwe marudzi e glomerulonephritis, akadai seHIV nehepatitis, tevera mirairo yekuchengetedza pabonde uye usashandise mishonga kuburikidza nemidziyo yeropa.
• Dzora shuga yako yeropa kuti ubatsire kudzivirira diabetic nephropathy.

Panguva yekuongorora itsvo, mushandi wehutano anoshandisa tsono kubvisa sampuli duku yetsvo kuti iongororwe murabhoritari. Tsono yekuongorora inopfuudzwa paganda kusvika kutsvo. Maitiro acho kazhinji anoshandisa chishandiso chekuona, sekunge transducer ye ultrasound, kutungamira tsono.

Glomerulonephritis inogona kuonekwa nemiedzo kana uine chirwere chaicho kana pakuongororwa kwemazuva ose panguva yekushanya kwehutano kana kupangana kwakatarwa kudzora chirwere chisingaperi, sekunge chirwere cheshuga. Miedzo yekuyera basa reitsvo rako uye kuita chirwere cheglomerulonephritis inosanganisira:

• Kuongorora kwemukaka. Kuongorora kwemukaka kunogona kuratidza zviratidzo zvebasa rakaipa reitsvo, sekunge masero matsvuku eropa uye mapuroteni aisingafanirwe kuva mumukaka kana masero machena eropa ari chiratidzo chekuzvimba. Zvakare kungave kushayikwa kwemazinga anokosha ezvinhu zvakasara.
• Kuongorora kweropa. Kuongorora kwesampuli yeropa kunogona kuratidza mazinga akakwirira kupfuura anokosha ezvinhu zvakasara muropa, kuvapo kweantibodies izvo zvinogona kuratidza chirwere che autoimmune, hutachiona hwebhakitiriya kana hutachiona hwemuviri, kana mazinga eshuga yeropa anoratidza chirwere cheshuga.
• Kuongorora kwemafirimu. Kana chiremba wako akaona humbowo hwechirwere cheitsvo, iye angakurudzira kuongorora kwemafirimu izvo zvinogona kuratidza kusagadzikana mumhando kana saizi yetsvo. Aya maitiro angave X-ray, ultrasound exam kana CT scan.
• Kuongorora kutsvo. Maitiro aya anosanganisira kushandisa tsono chaiyo kubvisa zvidimbu zviduku zvetsoka yetsvo kuti zvionekwe pasi pe microscope. Kuongorora kunoshandiswa kusimbisa chirwere uye kuongorora huwandu uye rudzi rwekuvadza kwe tishu.