Goiter

Goiter (GOI-tur) chirwere chinokura chinokanganisa gland ye thyroid. Thyroid igland ine chimiro chehuku iri pazasi pegumbo remuromo, pasi peAdam's apple.

Goiter inogona kuva kukura kwese kwe thyroid, kana kuti inogona kuva mugumisiro wekukura kusingawanzoitiki kwemasero kunoita bofu rimwe kana kupfuura (nodules) mu thyroid. Goiter inogona kusabatana nekushanduka kwemabasa e thyroid kana kuti kuwedzera kana kudzikira kwehomoni dze thyroid.

Vanhu vakawanda vane goiter havaone zviratidzo kana zvimwe zvirwere kunze kwekuzvimba pamudzi wemutsipa. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, goiter diki zvokuti inowanikwa chete pakuongororwa kwemishonga kana bvunzo yekufananidzira mamiriro ekurapa. Zvimwe zviratidzo kana zvirwere zvinoenderana nekushanduka kwemabasa etsinga, kukura kwegiter uye kana ichivhara kufema.

Maitiro ekuita kwegiramu yetitairodi

Hormone mbiri dzinoitwa negoram yetitairodi ndidzo thyroxine (T-4) ne triiodothyronine (T-3). Paunoburitsa thyroxine (T-4) ne triiodothyronine (T-3) muropa, dzinobatsira mabasa akawanda mumuviri, kusanganisira kudzora kwe:

• Shanduko yezvokudya kuva simba (metabolism)
• Kupisa kwemuviri
• Kuwanda kwemoyo
• Kumanikidza kweropa
• Kuwirirana kwemamwe mahomoni
• Kukura panguva yehudiki

Giramu yetitairodi inoburitsawo calcitonin, hormone inobatsira kudzora huwandu hwe calcium muropa.

Munhu wese anogona kurwara goiter. Inogona kuvapo kubva pakuzvarwa kana kuitika chero nguva muhupenyu hwese. Zvimwe zvinokonzera goiter zvinosanganisira:

• Kushayikwa kwe iodine mune zvekudya. Iodine inowanikwa kunyanya mugungwa uye muvhu munzvimbo dzekumabvazuva. Munyika iri kusimukira, vanhu vasina iodine yakakwana mune zvekudya zvavo kana kuwana chikafu chakawedzerwa iodine vari panjodzi yakawedzera. Izvi hazviwanzoitika kuUnited States.
• Kuva mukadzi. Vakadzi vane mukana wakakura wekurwara goiter kana zvimwe zvirwere zve thyroid.
• Kukura mwana nepamuviri. Matambudziko e thyroid muvakadzi ane mukana wakakura wekuitika panguva yekuzvitakura nepamuviri.
• Zera. Goiters inowanzowanikwa mushure memakore makumi mana.
• Nhoroondo yemhuri yekurapa. Nhoroondo yemhuri ye goiters kana zvimwe zvirwere zve thyroid inowedzera njodzi ye goiters. Uyewo, vatsvakurudzi vakawana zvinhu zvemajini zvinogona kusanganiswa nenjodzi yakawedzera.
• Mishonga. Zvimwe zvekurapa, kusanganisira mushonga wemoyo amiodarone (Pacerone) nemushonga wepfungwa lithium (Lithobid), zvinoita kuti njodzi yako iwedzere.
• Kuonekwa kwemwaranzi. Njodzi yako inowedzera kana wakamboita kurapwa kwemwaranzi kumutsipa wako kana chikamu chechipfuva.

'Goiter pachayo kazhinji haikonzere matambudziko. Kuratidzika kwayo kungava kunonetsa kana kunyadzisa kune vamwe vanhu. Goiter hombe inogona kudzivirira nzira yemhepo nemabhokisi ezwi.\n\nKuchinja mukusimudzira kwehomoni dze thyroid izvo zvinogona kuwirirana ne goiter zvine mukana wekukonzera matambudziko mumasystem akawanda emuviri.'

Goiter kazowanzoonekwa pakuongororwa kwemuviri kunoita zvakajairwa. Nekubata mutsipa wako, chiremba wako anogona kuona kukura kwetayirodi, nodule imwe chete kana nodules akawanda. Dzimwe nguva goiter inowanikwa kana uri kuita bvunzo yekuona muviri nekuda kwechirwere chimwe.

Kuongororwa kuwedzerwa kunorayirwa kuita zvinotevera:

Kuongororwa kunogona kusanganisira:

• Kuyeresa saizi yetayirodi

• Kuona chero nodules

• Kuongorora kana tayirodi ingave iri kushanda zvakanyanya kana kusashanda zvakanaka

• Kuona chikonzero chegoiter

• Kuongororwa kwemabasa etayirodi. Ropa rinogona kushandiswa kuyera huwandu hwe thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) inogadzirwa ne pituitary gland uye kuti thyroxine (T-4) ne triiodothyronine (T-3) yakawanda sei inogadzirwa netayirodi. Kuongororwa uku kunogona kuratidza kana goiter yakabatana nekuwedzera kana kudzikira kwebasa retayirodi.

• Bvunzo yeantibody. Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yebvunzo yebasa retayirodi, chiremba wako anogona kuraira bvunzo yeropa kuti aone antibody inobatanidzwa nechirwere che autoimmune, sekushaya simba kweHashimoto kana chirwere cheGraves.

• Ultrasonography. Ultrasonography inoshandisa mafungu ekuita kuti pave nemufananidzo wekombiyuta wezvinyama mumutsipa wako. Munyanzvi anoshandisa chishandiso chakaita sewando (transducer) pamutsipa wako kuita bvunzo iyi. Iyi nzira yekuona inogona kuratidza saizi yegland yako yetayirodi uye kuona nodules.

• Kuunganidzwa kwe iodine inoratidza radioactivity. Kana chiremba wako akarayira bvunzo iyi, unopiwa iodine shoma ine radioactivity. Uchishandisa chishandiso chekuona chakakosha, munyanzvi anogona kuyera huwandu uye kumhanya kwetayirodi yako inotora. Bvunzo iyi inogona kusanganiswa ne radioactive iodine scan kuratidza mufananidzo wekuunganidzwa. Mhedzisiro inogona kubatsira kuona basa nechinangwa chegoiter.

• Biopsy. Panguva yekubvisa biopsy ine tsono diki, ultrasound inoshandiswa kutungamira tsono diki kwazvo mutayirodi yako kuti uwane sampuli yetsinga kana mvura kubva kunodules. Sampuli dzinoyedzwa kuti pave nemasero ane kenza.

Kurapa goiter kunoenderana nehukuru hwegoiter, zviratidzo zvako nezviratidzo, uye chikonzero chiri pasi. Kana goiter yako iri duku uye basa re thyroid rako riri utano, mushandi wako wehutano angakurudzira nzira yekumirira-uye-ona nekuongororwa nguva dzose.

Mishonga yegoiters inogona kusanganisira imwe yeanotevera:

Ungada kuvhiya kubvisa zvese kana chikamu cheganda rako re thyroid (kuvhiya kwakazara kana kwechikamu che thyroidectomy) kunogona kushandiswa kurapa goiter ine zvinotevera zvinetso:

Ungada kutora mushonga wekutsiva thyroid hormone, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwe thyroid yakabviswa.

Iodine inoradioactive inyanzvi yekurapa ganda re thyroid rinokwira. Dose ye radioactive iodine inotorwa nemuromo. Thyroid inotora iodine inoradioactive, iyo inoparadza masero ari mu thyroid. Kurapa kunoderedza kana kubvisa kugadzirwa kwehomoni uye kunogona kuderedza saizi ye goiter.

Sezvakaita kuvhiya, ungada kutora mushonga wekutsiva thyroid hormone kuchengetedza mazinga akakodzera ehormone.

• Kukuwedzera kugadzirwa kwehomoni. Thyroid isina basa inorapwa nemushonga wekutsiva thyroid hormone. Mushonga we levothyroxine (Levoxyl, Thyquidity, vamwe) unotsiva T-4 uye unobva wagadzira pituitary gland ichiburitsa TSH shoma. Mushonga we liothyronine (Cytomel) unogona kunyorwa sechinotsiva T-3. Aya kurapwa kunogona kuderedza saizi ye goiter.

• Kuderedza kugadzirwa kwehomoni. Thyroid inokwira inogona kurapwa nemushonga we anti-thyroid unokanganisa kugadzirwa kwehomoni. Mushonga unoshandiswa kazhinji, methimazole (Tapazole), unogona kuderedzawo saizi ye goiter.

• Kuvhara mabasa ehormone. Mushandi wako wehutano anganyora mushonga unonzi beta blocker wekutonga zviratidzo zve hyperthyroidism. Aya mishonga — kusanganisira atenolol (Tenormin), metoprolol (Lopressor) nevamwe — inogona kukanganisa homoni dze thyroid dzakawandisa uye kuderedza zviratidzo.

• Kutonga marwadzo. Kana kuzvimba kwe thyroid kuchiguma nemarwadzo, kazhinji kunorapwa ne aspirin, naproxen sodium (Aleve), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, vamwe) kana zvinorwadza zvakafanana. Marwadzo akasimba anogona kurapwa ne steroid.

• Kunetseka kufema kana kunyura

• Thyroid nodules inokonzera hyperthyroidism

• Cancer ye thyroid