Chii chinonzi Interstitial Lung Disease? Zviratidzo, Zvinokonzera, & Kurapa

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) inoreva boka rezvirwere zvinokonzera kuzvimba nekukanganisika mumapapu madiki emhepo nemakumbo. Fungidzira mapapu ako achikura mapachi akaomarara, akaoma anoita kuti zviome kuti oksijeni ifambe kubva mumapapu ako iende muropa rako.

Iyi chirwere chinotapura interstitium, iyo ndiyo network yemakumbo akaoma inotsigira mapapu ako. Kana iyi tishu ikavimba kana kukanganisika, mapapu ako haakwanisi kushanda zvakanaka sezvaanofanira.

Ndeapi zviratidzo zveInterstitial Lung Disease?

Chiratidzo chakajairika chaunozowana kutanga ndechekushaya mweya, kunyanya panguva yekurovedza muviri sekukwira matanho kana kufamba kumusoro. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti mapapu ako ari kushanda nesimba kuti awane oksijeni mumuviri wako.

Heano zviratidzo zvikuru zvinogona kukura zvishoma nezvishoma panguva:

• Kukosora kwenguva refu kusingaburitsi mvura
• Kushaya mweya panguva yekurovedza muviri kana mabasa ezuva nezuva
• Kuneta uye kunzwa kuneta zvisina kujairika
• Kusagadzikana kwepfupa kana kuomarara
• Kurasikirwa nechido chekudya nekurasikirwa uremu usingatarisirwi
• Clubbing yezvigunwe (zvigunwe zvinova zvakafara uye zvakakomberedzwa pamatombo)

Aya zviratidzo kazhinji anokura zvishoma nezvishoma kwemavhiki kana makore, ndosaka vanhu vazhinji pakutanga vachizvidzora sezviratidzo zvekuchembera kana kusava mumamiriro akanaka emuviri. Zvinokosha kuteerera maitiro aunozviwana nazvo.

Ndeapi marudzi eInterstitial Lung Disease?

Kune anopfuura 200 marudzi akasiyana e interstitial lung diseases, asi kazhinji anowira mumapoka makuru. Kunzwisisa aya marudzi kunogona kukubatsira kunzwisisa chirwere chako nezvinhu zvekurapa.

Marudzi akajairika anosanganisira:

• Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) - Rudzi rwakajairika apo chikonzero chacho hachizivikanwi
• Sarcoidosis - Inokonzera kuzvimba mune zvikamu zvakawanda zvemuviri, kusanganisira mapapu
• Hypersensitivity pneumonitis - Inokonzerwa nekufemba zvinhu zvakati kana kemikari
• Connective tissue disease-related ILD - Inobatanidzwa nezvirwere senge rheumatoid arthritis
• Drug-induced ILD - Inokonzerwa nemishonga yakati
• Occupational lung disease - Kubva pakubata nezvinhu zvinokuvadza panzvimbo yebasa

Mamwe marudzi asingawanzoitika anosanganisira lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), iyo inonyanya kutapura vakadzi, uye Langerhans cell histiocytosis, kazhinji inobatanidzwa nekufuma. Mhando imwe neimwe ine nzira yayo yekufambira mberi uye nzira yekurapa.

Chii chinokonzera Interstitial Lung Disease?

Zvinokonzera interstitial lung disease zvakasiyana-siyana, uye dzimwe nguva vanachiremba havawanikwe chikonzero chaicho. Kana pasina chikonzero chinogona kuwanikwa, chinonzi "idiopathic," zvinoreva kuti "hachizivikanwi kwakabva."

Zvinhu zvakati zvakapoteredza uye zvekushanda ndizvo zvinokonzera zvinogona kukuvadza tishu yemapapu ako panguva:

• Asbestos fibers kubva muzvinhu zvekuvakisa kana zvivako zvekare
• Silica dust kubva mumamine, sandblasting, kana kucheka ibwe
• Coal dust kubva mumamine
• Matumbu emabhuruko kana manyowa (bird fancier's lung)
• Spores dzehwahwa kubva munzvimbo dzakanyorova
• Metal dusts kubva mukuweld kana metalworking

Mishonga yakati inogona zvakare kukonzera kuzvimba kwemapapu, kusanganisira mimwe mishonga yekurapa kenza, mishonga yemoyo, uye mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Zvirwere zve autoimmune senge rheumatoid arthritis kana scleroderma zvinogona kukonzera kuti immune system yako irove tishu yemapapu ine hutano.

Zvinhu zvemagariro zvinogona kuita kuti vamwe vanhu vave panjodzi yakakura yekuwana ILD, kunyanya kana nhengo dzemhuri dzave nedzimwe nguva dzakafanana dzemapapu. Kufuma kunowedzera njodzi yako zvakanyanya uye kunogona kuipa interstitial lung disease iripo.

Rini unofanira kuona chiremba nekuda kweInterstitial Lung Disease?

Unofanira kubata chiremba wako kana uine kushaya mweya kwenguva refu kunoshanduka, kunyanya kana kuchivhiringidza mabasa ako ezuva nezuva. Kuongororwa pakutanga kunogona kuita musiyano mukuru mukutonga iyi chirwere zvinobudirira.

Tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukurumidza kana ukaona:

• Kushaya mweya kunowedzera kwemavhiki kana mwedzi
• Kukosora kwenguva refu kunopfuura mavhiki mashoma
• Kuneta kusina kujairika kunodzora mabasa ako akajairika
• Kuomarara kwepfupa kana kusagadzikana
• Kushanduka kwezvipikiri zvako kana zvigunwe

Fonera rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukurumidza kana uine kushaya mweya kwakanyanya panguva yekuzorora, kurwadziwa kwepfupa, kana miromo yako kana zvipikiri zvichishanduka kuva blue. Aya maratidzo anoratidza kuti mazinga ako eoksijeni angave ari pasi zvakanyanya uye anoda kutarisirwa nekukurumidza.

Ndeapi njodzi dzeInterstitial Lung Disease?

Zvinhu zvakati zvinogona kuwedzera mukana wako wekuwana interstitial lung disease, kunyange zvazvo kuva nenjodzi hazvirevi kuti uchawana chirwere ichi. Kunzwisisa izvi zvinhu kunogona kukubatsira kutora matanho ekudzivirira apo zvichibvira.

Zera nepabonde zvine basa rinokosha, sezvo ILD kazhinji inotapura vanhu vane makore anopfuura 50, nemamwe marudzi ari akajairika muvarume kana vakadzi:

• Makore anopfuura 50
• Varume ve idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
• Vakadzi ve lymphangioleiomyomatosis
• Nhoroondo yekufuma (vanofuma iye zvino kana kare)
• Nhoroondo yemhuri yezvirwere zvemapapu
• Kubata nezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakapoteredza kana guruva
• Zvimwe zvirwere zve autoimmune
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Kubata nezvinhu panzvimbo yebasa kunowedzera njodzi zvakanyanya, kunyanya kune vanhu vanoshanda mumamine, kuvaka, kurima, kana kugadzira. Kunyangwe kubata kwenguva pfupi asi kwakasimba nezvinhu zvinokuvadza kunogona dzimwe nguva kukonzera kukuvara kwemapapu kunokura makore gare gare.

Ndeapi matambudziko anogona kuitika eInterstitial Lung Disease?

Nepo vanhu vazhinji vane interstitial lung disease vanogona kuchengetedza hupenyu hwakanaka ne kurapwa kwakakodzera, chirwere ichi chinogona kukonzera matambudziko akakomba kana chisina kurapwa kana chikafambira mberi nekukurumidza.

Matambudziko anotyisa anosanganisira:

• Pulmonary hypertension - Kuderera kweropa mumapapu kunosvitsa moyo wako
• Right heart failure - Kana moyo wako usingakwanisi kuburitsa ropa zvinobudirira kuenda ku mapapu ako
• Respiratory failure - Kana mapapu ako asingakwanisi kupa oksijeni yakakwana kumuviri wako
• Lung cancer - Mamwe marudzi eILD anowedzera njodzi yekenza
• Blood clots - Njodzi yakakura yekuvharwa kwe ropa mumapapu
• Collapsed lung (pneumothorax) - Mhepo ichibuda munzvimbo iri pedyo nemapapu ako

Matambudziko asingawanzoitika asi akakomba anosanganisira zvirwere zvakakomba nekuda kwekuora simba kwemapapu uye pulmonary embolism. Kuongororwa nguva dzose nechikwata chako chehutano kunobatsira kubata aya matambudziko pakutanga apo ari kurapika zvikuru.

Interstitial Lung Disease inogona kudzivirirwa sei?

Nepo usingakwanisi kudzivirira marudzi ose e interstitial lung disease, kunyanya ayo ane zvinhu zvemagariro, unogona kuderedza njodzi yako zvakanyanya nekudzivirira zvinokonzera zvinozivikanwa uye kuchengetedza hutano hwakanaka hwese.

Nzira dzakanakisa dzekudzivirira dzinoenderana nekuchengetedza mapapu ako kubva pakubata nezvinhu zvinokuvadza:

• Rega kufuma uye dzivisa utsi hwepiri
• Shandisa zvishandiso zvakakodzera zvekuchengetedza panzvimbo yebasa kana uchibata guruva kana kemikari
• Chengetera mhepo yakakwana mumba mako uye panzvimbo yebasa
• Tevera mirau yekuchengetedza kana uchibata zvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza
• Tonga gastroesophageal reflux disease kana uine iyo
• Rambai muchienderera mberi nekuzvidzivirira kuti mudzivise zvirwere zvemapapu

Kana uchiita mabasa ane njodzi yakakura senge ma mine, kuvaka, kana kugadzira, kuongororwa kwemapapu nguva dzose kunogona kubatsira kuona kushanduka pakutanga usati wazviratidza. Kuonekwa pakutanga kazhinji kunotungamira kumigumisiro iri nani uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekurapa.

Interstitial Lung Disease inoongororwa sei?

Kuongorora interstitial lung disease kunoda kusanganiswa kwekuongorora nekuti zviratidzo zvinogona kufanana nezvimwe zvirwere zvemapapu. Chiremba wako anotanga nenhoroondo yakakwana yezvokurapa nekuongororwa kwemuviri, achinyanya kutarisa maitiro ako ekufemba uye kurira kwemapapu.

Maitiro ekuongorora kazhinji anosanganisira bvunzo dzakakosha dzakati:

• Chest X-rays - Inoratidza chimiro chemapapu uye kukanganisika kwakajeka
• High-resolution CT scan - Inopa mifananidzo yakadzama yetishu yemapapu
• Pulmonary function tests - Inoyera kuti mapapu ako anoshanda zvakanaka sei
• Blood tests - Inotarisa ma autoimmune markers nekuzvimba
• Bronchoscopy - Inobvumira kuongororwa zvakananga kwema airways
• Lung biopsy - Inotora zvidimbu zviduku zve tishu kuti zviongororwe pasi pemikroskopu

Chiremba wako anogona zvakare kuraira echocardiogram kuti aongorore basa remoyo wako, sezvo chirwere chemapapu chinogona kukanganisa moyo wako panguva. Dzimwe nguva kuongororwa kwemagariro kunokurudzirwa kana paine nhoroondo yemhuri yezvirwere zvemapapu.

Maitiro ekuongorora anogona kutora mavhiki kana mwedzi yakati, sezvo vanachiremba vachifanira kubvisa zvimwe zvirwere uye kuona rudzi rweILD raune. Iyi nzira yekuchenjera inoita kuti uwane kurapwa kwakakodzera.

Kurapa kweInterstitial Lung Disease ndekupi?

Kurapa kwe interstitial lung disease kunotarisa pakudzikisira kufambira mberi kwechirwere, kutonga zviratidzo, uye kuchengetedza hupenyu hwako hwakanaka. Nzira chaiyo inotsamira pane rudzi rweILD raune uye kuti yakakura sei kana yaongororwa.

Mishonga ndiyo inotanga kurapa marudzi mazhinji eILD:

• Anti-fibrotic drugs - Inodzikisa kukanganisika mu idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
• Corticosteroids - Inodzikisa kuzvimba mune marudzi anozvimba
• Immunosuppressive drugs - Inotonga kukuvara kwemapapu kunobatanidzwa ne autoimmune
• Oxygen therapy - Inobatsira kuchengetedza mazinga akakwana eoksijeni
• Bronchodilators - Inovhura ma airways kuti iwedzere kufema

Zvirongwa zve pulmonary rehabilitation zvinosanganisira kurovedza muviri, nzira dzekufema, uye dzidzo kuti zvikubatsire kutonga mabasa ako ezuva nezuva zvinobudirira. Aya maprogram anogona kuvandudza simba rako uye hupenyu hwakanaka zvakanyanya.

Kune zviitiko zvakakomba, kupandikirwa kwemapapu kunogona kufungwa kana uine hutano hwakakwana hwekubata uye unokwana zvinodiwa. Iyi sarudzo inogona kuponesa hupenyu kune vanhu vane chirwere chinofambira mberi nekukurumidza.

Nzira yekutonga Interstitial Lung Disease pamba?

Kutonga interstitial lung disease pamba kunosanganisira kuita shanduko dzehupenyu dzinotisimbisa hutano hwako hwemapapu uye hupenyu hwakanaka. Kushanduka duku mumaitiro ako ezuva nezuva kunogona kuita musiyano mukuru mukunzwa kwako.

Nzira dzekufema uye kuchengetedza simba zvinobatsira zvikuru:

• Ita pursed-lip breathing kuti uwedzere kuchinjana kweoksijeni
• Shandisa diaphragmatic breathing exercises zuva nezuva
• Zviyamure panguva yekurovedza muviri uye zorora kazhinji
• Chengetera mishonga yekukurumidzira uye michina yeoksijeni iri nyore kusvika
• Chengetera hunhu hwakanaka kuti uwedzere simba remapapu
• Rambai muchinyatso inwa mvura kuti muchengetedze mvura yemukati yemapapu

Kushandura zvinhu zvakapoteredza mumba mako kunogona kuderedza kukuvadzwa kwemapapu uye kuita kuti kufema kuve nyore. Chengetera nzvimbo yako yekugara ine mhepo yakakwana, shandisa air purifiers kana zvichidiwa, uye dzivisa kunhuwirira kwakasimba kana kuchenesa kemikari.

Kurovedza muviri kwakapfava nguva dzose, sezvakabvumirwa nachiremba wako, kunobatsira kuchengetedza simba retsandanyama uye hutano hwemoyo. Kunyangwe kufamba kwenguva pfupi kana kutambanudza kwakapfava kunogona kubatsira kana zvikaitwa nguva dzose.

Unofanira kugadzirira sei kuenda kuchiremba?

Kugadzirira kuenda kuchiremba kunobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti unowana zvakanyanya kubva pakushanya kwako uye kunopa chikwata chako chehutano ruzivo rwakakosha nezve mamiriro ako. Kugadzirira kwakanaka kunogona kutungamira mukuongororwa kwakanyanya uye sarudzo dzakanaka dzekurapa.

Usati waenda kuchiremba,unganidza ruzivo rwakakosha nezvezviratidzo zvako nenhoroondo yezvokurapa:

• Nyora pasi nguva yakatanga zviratidzo uye kuti zvakachinja sei
• Rondedzera mishonga yese, zvinowedzerwa, uye zviyero zvaunotora
• Cherechedza kubata kwese kwakapoteredza kana kwakaitwa panzvimbo yebasa
• Gadzirira mibvunzo nezve mamiriro ako nezvinhu zvekurapa
• Uyai nemigumisiro yekuongorora yapfuura uye zvidzidzo zvemafungu
• Sanganisira nhoroondo yemhuri yezvirwere zvemapapu kana autoimmune

Funga nezvekukoka nhengo yemhuri kana shamwari kuti ikubatsire kurangarira ruzivo rwakataurwa panguva yekushanya. Kuva nemunhu mumwe chete aripo kunogona kubatsira zvikuru pakutaura nezve zvinhu zvakaoma zvekurapa kana migumisiro yekuongorora.

Nyora mibvunzo yako yakakosha usati waenda, sezvo zviri nyore kuikanganwa panguva yekushanya. Usazengurire kukumbira kujeka kana chimwe chinhu chisingaoneki.

Chii chinonyanya kukosha nezve Interstitial Lung Disease?

Interstitial lung disease inosanganisira boka guru rezvirwere zvinokonzera kuzvimba kwemapapu nekukanganisika, asi nekuongororwa kwakakodzera nekurapa, vanhu vazhinji vanogona kuchengetedza hupenyu hwakanaka. Kuziva zviratidzo pakutanga nekukurumidza kuenda kuchiremba zvinokosha kuti uwane migumisiro yakanaka.

Nepo ILD ichigona kuva chirwere chakakomba, kufambira mberi mukunzwisisa nekurapa kwavandudza tarisiro yevarwere vazhinji. Kushanda pedyo nechikwata chako chehutano, kutevera zvirongwa zve kurapa, uye kuita shanduko dzehupenyu dzakakodzera kunogona kukubatsira kutonga chirwere ichi zvinobudirira.

Yeuka kuti ruzivo rwemunhu mumwe nemumwe neILD rwakasiyana, uye zvinoshanda kune mumwe munhu hazvingashande kune mumwe. Rambai muchibatana nechikwata chenyu chekurapa, bvunza mibvunzo, uye musazengurire kutsvaga rubatsiro kana muchida.

Mibvunzo inobvunzwa kazhinji nezve Interstitial Lung Disease

Q1. Interstitial lung disease inogara ichikonzera rufu here?

Kwete, interstitial lung disease haigari ichikonzera rufu. Nepo mamwe marudzi senge idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis achifambira mberi nekukurumidza, vanhu vazhinji vane ILD vanorarama kwemakore mazhinji ne kurapwa kwakakodzera nekutonga. Tarisiro inosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nerudzi rweILD, kuti yakawanikwa pakutanga sei, uye kuti unopindura sei kurapwa.

Q2. Interstitial lung disease inogona kupora here?

Parizvino, hapana mushonga we marudzi mazhinji e interstitial lung disease, asi kurapa kunogona kudzikisa kufambira mberi uye kuvandudza hupenyu hwakanaka. Mamwe marudzi anokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakati anogona kuvandudza kana kubata kwacho kwabviswa. Chinangwa chekurapa ndechekutonga zviratidzo, kudzikisa kufambira mberi kwechirwere, uye kuchengetedza kugona kwako kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva.

Q3. Interstitial lung disease inofambira mberi nekukurumidza sei?

Kufambira mberi kunosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nerudzi rweILD nezvinhu zvemunhu. Mamwe mafomu anofambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma kwemakore mazhinji, nepo mamwe senge acute interstitial pneumonia anogona kuipa nekukurumidza kwemavhiki kana mwedzi. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis kazhinji inofambira mberi kwemakore 2-5, asi izvi zvinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya pakati pevanhu.

Q4. Kurovedza muviri kunogona kubatsira ne interstitial lung disease here?

Hongu, kurovedza muviri kwakakodzera kunogona kubatsira zvikuru kune vanhu vane interstitial lung disease. Zvirongwa zve pulmonary rehabilitation zvinosanganisira kurovedza muviri kunotarwa kunogona kuvandudza simba rako, kudzikisa kushaya mweya, uye kuvandudza hupenyu hwakanaka. Nekudaro, kurovedza muviri kunofanira kugadzirirwa mamiriro ako chaiwo uye kutarisirwa nevanachiremba vehutano.

Q5. Ndichada oxygen therapy here nekuda kwe interstitial lung disease?

Havasi vese vane interstitial lung disease vanoda oxygen therapy, asi inogona kuva yakakosha sezvo chirwere chikafambira mberi. Chiremba wako acharamba achitarisa mazinga ako eoksijeni kuburikidza nekuongorora ropa uye pulse oximetry. Kana mazinga ako eoksijeni akaderera pasi pezviyero zvakati, oxygen yakawedzerwa inogona kukubatsira kunzwa zvakanaka uye kuchengetedza moyo wako nezvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri kubva kukuvara.