Kanser Yemerkel Cell

Kanser ye ganda reMerkel chirwere chisingawanzoitiki, chine utsinye. Inoratidzika sembobo isina kurwadza, ine ruvara rweganda kana tsvuku-bhuruu inokura paganda rako.

Kanser ye ganda reMerkel rudzi rusingawanzoitiki rwekanser yeganda rinowanzoonekwa sembobo ine ruvara rweganda kana tsvuku-bhuruu, kazhinji pachiso chako, musoro kana mutsipa. Kanser ye ganda reMerkel inonziwo neuroendocrine carcinoma yeganda.

Kanser ye ganda reMerkel kazhinji inoonekwa kuvanhu vakwegura. Kuonekwa kwezuva kwenguva yakareba kana sisitimu yekudzivirira muviri isina simba zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yako yekuwana kanser ye ganda reMerkel.

Kanser ye ganda reMerkel inowanzo kukura nekukurumidza uye kupararira nekukurumidza kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri wako. Nzira dzekurapa kanser ye ganda reMerkel kazhinji dzinoenderana nekunge kanser yakapararira kunze kweganda.

Chiratidzo chekutanga cheMerkel cell carcinoma kazhinji kuve nechikamu pachiganda. Uku kutadza kwe ganda kunogona kuitika chero kupi muviri. Kazhinji kunoitika paganda rinowanzo gamuchira chiedza chezuva. Muvanhu vatsvene, chikamu icho chinowanzo kuve pamusoro kana mutsipa. Muvanhu vatema, chikamu icho chinowanzo kuve pamagaro. Merkel cell carcinoma inogona kukonzera: Bumbiro paganda rinowanzo kusava neruvira. Bumbiro rinokura nekukurumidza. Bumbiro rine mativi maviri asingafaniri. Bumbiro rinotaridzika pinki, puru, tsvuku-brown, kana ruvara rwakafanana neruvara rweganda riri kumativi aro. Rongai nguva nekurapa hutano kana muine mole, freckle kana bumbiro rinochinja saizi, chimiro kana ruvara. Onawo nyanzvi yehutano kana muine bumbiro rinokura nekukurumidza kana kubuda ropa nyore nyore mushure mekukuvadzwa kushoma, sekushambidza ganda renyu kana kucheka.

Enda kunoona nyanzvi yehutano kana uine chivara, chisimbiso kana bhonzo rinotsiva saizi, chimiro kana ruvara. Onawo nyanzvi yehutano kana uine bhonzo rinokura nekukurumidza kana kubuda ropa nyore nyore mushure mekukuvadzwa kushoma, sekushambidza ganda rako kana kugeza.

Kazhinji hazvizivikanwi kuti chii chinokonzera kenza yeMerkel cell. Kenza iyi yeganda inoitika kana masero ari muganda akaita shanduko muDNA yavo. DNA yese iri nemirayiridzo inoudza sero kuti riite sei. Mumasero ane hutano, DNA inopa mirairidzo yekukura nekukura nekukurumidza kwakatarwa. Mirayiridzo inoudza masero kuti afe panguva yakatarwa. Mumasero ekenza, shanduko dzeDNA dzinopfumisa mirairidzo yakasiyana. Shanduko dzinoudza masero ekenza kuti akure nekukura nekukurumidza. Masero ekenza anogona kuramba achirarama apo masero ane hutano aifa. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nemasero akawanda. Masero ekenza anogona kuumba gomba rinonzi tumor. Tumor inogona kukura kuti ipinde uye inoparadza tishu remuviri une hutano. Panguva, masero ekenza anogona kuputsika uye kupararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri. Kana kenza ikapararira, inonzi kenza yemetastatic. Kenza yeMerkel cell inonzi zita remasero kwaimbove vanachiremba vachifunga kuti yakabva. Masero eMerkel anowanikwa pasi petete yepamusoro peganda. Masero eMerkel akabatana nemagumo enervhi ari muganda anokosha mukunzwa kubata. Vashandi vezvehutano havazofungiri kuti kenza iyi inotanga mumasero eMerkel. Havazive chaizvo kuti ndemhando ipi yemasero yaibva. Kazhinji hazvizivikanwi kuti chii chinokonzera shanduko dzeDNA dzinoita kuti pave nekensa yeMerkel cell. Vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti hutachiona hunowanzoitika hunokosha mukukonzera kenza yeMerkel cell. Utachiona, hunonzi Merkel cell polyomavirus, hunorarama paganda. Haukonzeri zviratidzo. Nyanzvi hadzizive chaizvo kuti hutachiona uhu hunokonzera sei kenza yeMerkel cell.

'Factors that may raise the risk of Merkel cell carcinoma include:': 'Zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yeMerkel cell carcinoma zvinosanganisira:', 'Skin that sunburns easily.': 'Ganda rinopfuta nyore nyore.', "Anyone of any skin color can get Merkel cell carcinoma. But it's more common in people who have less melanin in their skin. Melanin is a substance that gives color to skin. It also helps protect the skin from damaging rays from the sun.": 'Munhu wese ane ruvara rweganda anogona kuwana Merkel cell carcinoma. Asi inowanzoitika kune vanhu vane melanin shoma muganda ravo. Melanin chinhu chinopa ruvara kune ganda. Inobatsirawo kudzivirira ganda kubva kuma rayo anokuvadza kubva kuzuva.', 'People with Black or brown skin have more melanin than do people with white skin. So white people are more likely to get Merkel cell carcinoma than are people with Black or brown skin.': 'Vanhu vane ganda dema kana brown vane melanin yakawanda kupfuura vanhu vane ganda jena. Saka vanhu vatsvene vane mukana mukuru wekuwana Merkel cell carcinoma kupfuura vanhu vane ganda dema kana brown.', 'Too much UV light.': 'Mwenje yakawandisa yeUV.', 'Ultraviolet light, also called UV light, raises the risk of Merkel cell carcinoma. UV light can come from the sun. Being in the sun without covering the skin with clothing or sunblock raises the risk of Merkel cell carcinoma. UV light for treatment of the skin condition psoriasis also can raise the risk of this skin cancer.': 'Mwenje yeUltraviolet, inonziwo UV mwenje, inowedzera njodzi yeMerkel cell carcinoma. Mwenje yeUV inogona kubva kuzuva. Kuvhenekera zuva pasina kufukidza ganda nehembe kana sunblock inowedzera njodzi yeMerkel cell carcinoma. Mwenje yeUV yekurapa mamiriro eganda psoriasis inogona zvakare kuwedzera njodzi yerudzi urwu rweganda.', 'Tanning bed use.': 'Kushandisa tanning bed.', 'People who use indoor tanning beds have a higher risk of Merkel cell carcinoma.': 'Vanhu vanoshandisa tanning beds mukati vane njodzi yakakwira yeMerkel cell carcinoma.', 'A weakened immune system.': 'Sisitimu yekudzivirira yakasimba.', 'People with weakened immune systems are more likely to get Merkel cell carcinoma. A weakened immune system can happen in people with certain health conditions, such as HIV infection and chronic leukemia. It also can happen in people taking certain medicines, such as medicines that lower the immune response.': 'Vanhu vane sisitimu yekudzivirira yakasimba vane mukana mukuru wekuwana Merkel cell carcinoma. Sisitimu yekudzivirira yakasimba inogona kuitika kune vanhu vane mamiriro ezveutano, akadai seHIV infection uye chronic leukemia. Inogonawo kuitika kune vanhu vanotora mishonga chaiyo, senge mishonga inoderedza mhinduro yekudzivirira.', 'History of other skin cancers.': 'Nhoroondo yemamwe makanser eganda.', 'Merkel cell carcinoma is linked to other skin cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.': 'Merkel cell carcinoma yakabatana nemamwe makanser eganda, akadai sebasal cell carcinoma uye squamous cell carcinoma.', 'Older age.': 'Zera guru.', 'The risk of Merkel cell carcinoma goes up with age. This cancer is most common in people older than age 50, though it can happen at any age.': 'Njodzi yeMerkel cell carcinoma inokwira nezera. Kanser iyi inowanzoitika kune vanhu vakuru kupfuura makore 50, kunyangwe ichigona kuitika pazera ripi zvaro.'

Kunyangwe ichirongwa, kenza yeMerkel cell kazhinji inopararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Kana kenza ikapararira, vanachiremba vanowanzviti inotamira. Kenza yeMerkel cell inowanzoenda kutanga ku lymph nodes dziri pedyo. Gare gare inogona kupararira kuuropi, mapfupa, ropa kana mapapu. Inogona kudzivisa nhengo idzi kushanda sezvazvinofanira. Kenza inopararira inonetsa kurapa uye inogona kuuraya.

Kunyangwe kusimbiswa nezuva hakubvumidzwe kuti kunokonzera kenza yeMerkel cell, kunofungwa kuti chinhu chinokonzera chirwere ichi. Kuderedza kusimbiswa nezuva kunogona kuderedza njodzi yekenza yepande. Edza izvi:

• Dzivisa zuva panguva dzepamusoro. Dzivisa kusimbiswa nezuva sezvinobvira panguva dzezuva rakasimba zvikuru rezuva — kazhinji kubva pa10 am kusvika pa4 pm. Shandura mabasa ako ekunze kune nguva yekutanga mangwanani kana gare gare zuva.
• Vhara ganda rako nemaziso ako. Pfeka chigamba chine rim, nguo dzakakanyiwa zvakasimba nemagirazi ane kuchengetedzwa kwe ultraviolet (UV) mwenje.
• Isa sunscreen yakawanda uye kazhinji. Shandisa sunscreen yakafara-spectrum ine SPF yeanenge 30, kunyangwe pazuva rinorema. Isa sunscreen yakawanda, uye dzokorora maawa maviri ega ega — kana kazhinji kana uri kushambira kana kupisa.
• Tarisa shanduko. Kana ukaona mole, freckle kana bump iri kuchinja saizi, chimiro kana ruvara, taura nachiremba wako. Zvizhinji zve nodules yepande hazvibvi kenza, asi kubata kenza mumamiriro ayo ekutanga kunowedzera mikana yekurapa kuchave nekubudirira.

Kuongororwa uye nzira dzinoshandiswa pakuzivisa kenza yeMerkel cell zvinosanganisira:

• Kuongororwa kwemuviri. Chiremba wenyu achaongorora ganda renyu kuti aone kana paine mahombekombe asingawanzoitika, mafreckles, mabviriti ane ruvara uye zvimwe zvinokura.
• Kubvisa sampuli yeganda rinokonzera hanya. Panguva yekuongororwa kunonzi biopsy yeganda, chiremba wenyu anobvisa ganda kana sampuli yeganda kubva paganda renyu. Sampuli yacho inongororwa mulaboratori kuti aone kana paine zviratidzo zvekenza.

Chiremba wenyu angashandisa bvunzo dzinotevera kuti amubatsire kuona kana kenza yakapararira kupfuura ganda renyu:

• Sentinel node biopsy. Sentinel node biopsy inzira yekuziva kana kenza yakapararira ku lymph nodes dzenyu. Nzira iyi inosanganisira kuisa dye pedyo nekenza. Dye yacho inobva yafamba ne lymphatic system kuenda ku lymph nodes dzenyu. Lymph nodes dzokutanga dzinotambira dye inonzi sentinel nodes. Chiremba wenyu anobvisa lymph nodes idzi uye anotsvaga masero ekenza pasi pe microscope.

• Kuongororwa kwemufirimu. Chiremba wenyu angakurudzira chest X-ray uye CT scan yechipfuva nechidumbu kuti amubatsire kuona kana kenza yakapararira kune dzimwe nhengo.

  Chiremba wenyu angafungawo nezvemamwe kuongororwa kwemufirimu senge positron emission tomography (PET) scan kana octreotide scan — bvunzo inoshandisa kuiswa kwe radioactive tracer kuongorora kupararira kwemasero ekenza.

Sentinel node biopsy. Sentinel node biopsy inzira yekuziva kana kenza yakapararira ku lymph nodes dzenyu. Nzira iyi inosanganisira kuisa dye pedyo nekenza. Dye yacho inobva yafamba ne lymphatic system kuenda ku lymph nodes dzenyu.

Lymph nodes dzokutanga dzinotambira dye inonzi sentinel nodes. Chiremba wenyu anobvisa lymph nodes idzi uye anotsvaga masero ekenza pasi pe microscope.

Kuongororwa kwemufirimu. Chiremba wenyu angakurudzira chest X-ray uye CT scan yechipfuva nechidumbu kuti amubatsire kuona kana kenza yakapararira kune dzimwe nhengo.

Chiremba wenyu angafungawo nezvemamwe kuongororwa kwemufirimu senge positron emission tomography (PET) scan kana octreotide scan — bvunzo inoshandisa kuiswa kwe radioactive tracer kuongorora kupararira kwemasero ekenza.

Kurapa kenza yeMerkel kunogona kusanganisira:

• Kuvhiya. Pakuvhiya, chiremba wenyu anobvisa ganda renyama pamwe chete nemiganhu yeganda rakajairika rinopoteredza ganda renyama. Kana paine humbowo hwokuti kenza yakapararira ku lymph nodes munzvimbo yeganda renyama, lymph nodes idzodzo dzinobviswa (lymph node dissection).

  Munyanzvi wekuvhiya kazhinji anoshandisa scalpel kubvisa kenza. Muzviitiko zvimwe, chiremba wenyu angashandisa nzira inonzi Mohs kuvhiya.

  Pakuvhiya kweMohs, zvikamu zvinopisa zve tishu zvinobviswa zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinotarwa pasi pe microscope kuti vaone kana zvine masero ekenza. Kana kenza ikawanikwa, nzira yekuvhiya inodzokororwa kusvika masero ekenza asingachaonekwi mutishu. Rudzi urwu rwekuvhiya runobvisa tishu shoma dzisina kujairika — nekudaro kuderedza mavara — asi rinoita shuwa kuti kune muganhu weganda usina ganda renyama.

• Kurapa kwemwaranzi. Kurapa kwemwaranzi kunosanganisira kutungamira mabhuru akakwirira-simba, akadai se-X-rays ne-protons, kumasero ekenza. Panguva yekurapa kwemwaranzi, unogadzwa patafura uye muchina mukuru unofamba-famba uchikukomberedza, uchitungamira mabhuru kunzvimbo dzakakosha mumuviri wako.

  Kurapa kwemwaranzi kunoshandiswa dzimwe nguva mushure mekuvhiya kuparadza chero masero ekenza anenge asara mushure mekubviswa kwe ganda renyama.

  Mwaranzi inogona kushandiswawo se kurapa chete kune vanhu vanosarudza kusaita kuvhiya. Mwaranzi inogona kushandiswawo kurapa nzvimbo dzakapararira kenza.

• Immunotherapy. Mu immunotherapy, mishonga inoshandiswa kubatsira sisitimu yako yekudzivirira kurwisa kenza. Kazhinji kazhinji, immunotherapy inoshandiswa kurapa kenza yeMerkel yakapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri wako.

• Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy inoshandisa mishonga kuuraya masero ekenza. Mishonga yeChemotherapy inogona kupihwa kuburikidza ne tsinga muruoko rwako kana kutora se piritsi kana zvose zviri zviviri.

  Chemotherapy haishandiswi kazhinji, asi chiremba wenyu angakurudzira kana kenza yako yeMerkel yakapararira ku lymph nodes kana mamwe matunhu emuviri wako, kana yakadzoka kunyangwe yakurapwa.