Chii chinonzi Myasthenia Gravis? Zviratidzo, Zvinokonzera, & Kurapa

Myasthenia gravis chirwere che autoimmune chinogara chichiita kuti minyoro ive yakasimba uye inoneta nekukurumidza panguva yebasa. Sisitimu yako yekudzivirira muviri inorwisa zvisizvo nzvimbo dzekutambanudza pakati pematumbu ako neminyo, zvichiita kuti minyoro yako ive yakaoma kugamuchira mameseji yaida kuti itambanudze zvakakwana.

Chirwere ichi chinotapura vanhu vanenge 20 pane 100,000, zvichiita kuti chive chisina kujairika asi zvirokwazvo hachisi chinhu chisingawanzoitika. Zita racho rinoreva zvakareva "kushaya simba kweminzira," asi usarega izvozvo zvichikunetsa. Nekurapa kwakakodzera, vanhu vazhinji vane myasthenia gravis vanogona kurarama hupenyu hwazvo hwese, hwakanangana.

Ndeapi zviratidzo zve myasthenia gravis?

Chiratidzo chikuru ndechekushaya simba kweminzira kunowedzera nekuita basa uye kunovandudzika nekuzorora. Ungacherechedza kuti minyoro yako inonzwa ine simba mangwanani asi inowedzera kushaya simba zuva rese.

Ngatitaure nezvezviratidzo zvakajairika zvaunogona kuwana, tichiyeuka kuti rwendo rweumwe neumwe nerudzi urwu runosiyana.

• Maziso anodonha (ptosis): Ziso rimwe kana maviri anogona kudonha, kunyanya kana uri kuneta kana wanga uchiverenga kwenguva yakareba
• Kuona zvinhu zviviri: Ungaona mifananidzo miviri yechinhu chimwe chete, kunyanya kana uchitarisa mune dzimwe nzira
• Kunetseka kucheka kana kumira: Minyoro yako yemuromo inogona kuneta nekukurumidza panguva yekudya, kana chikafu chinganzwa sekunge chiri kusungira muhuro rako
• Kutaura kwakakanganisika kana kwakaita senhoroondo: Inzwi rako rinogona kuita zvakasiyana, kunyanya mushure mekutaura kwenguva yakareba
• Kushaya simba mumaoko nemakumbo: Ungave uine dambudziko rekusimudza zvinhu, kukwira matanho, kana kufamba kwenguva yakareba
• Kushaya simba kweminzira dze chiso: Kuseka, kuchema, kana kuita mamwe maitiro echiso kungava kuoma

Muenzaniso, ungave uine matambudziko ekufemba kana minyoro inodzora kufema ikabatwa. Izvi hazviwanzoitika asi zvinoda rubatsiro rwekurapa nekukurumidza kana zvikaitika.

Ndeapi marudzi e myasthenia gravis?

Vanachiremba vanowanzokamura myasthenia gravis mune marudzi akawanda zvichienderana neminyo inokanganiswa uye kana zviratidzo zvichizoitika. Kunzwisisa rudzi rwako chaiwo kunobatsira kutungamira sarudzo dzekurapa.

Ocular myasthenia gravis inokanganisa minyoro iri pedyo nemaziso ako chete. Vanhu vanenge 15% vane fomu iri vachaona zviratidzo zvichisara zvakaganhurirwa kumaziso avo, nepo vamwe vangangowana fomu rakawedzerwa gare gare.

Generalized myasthenia gravis inokanganisa mapoka akawanda eminyoro mumuviri wako wese. Iyi ndiyo fomu yakajairika, inoumba vanhu vanenge 85% vevanhu. Zviratidzo kazhinji zvinozoitika pedyo nemaziso asi zvinopararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Congenital myasthenia gravis rudzi rwakasiyana rwakawanikwa kubva pakuzvarwa. Kusiyana nemarudzi e autoimmune, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini kunokanganisa kubatana kwematumbu neminyo.

Chii chinokonzera myasthenia gravis?

Myasthenia gravis inoitika kana sisitimu yako yekudzivirira muviri ikarwisa zvisizvo acetylcholine receptors panzvimbo yekubatanidza pakati pematumbu neminyo. Funga nezve aya ma receptors semabhokisi maduku anogamuchira mameseji emakemikari anoudza minyoro kuti itambanudze.

Heano zvinoitika kazhinji mumuviri wako kana uine chirwere ichi:

• Kuburitsa kweAntibodies: Sisitimu yako yekudzivirira muviri inogadzira antibodies inodzivirira kana kuparadza acetylcholine receptors
• Kukanganiswa kwemameseji: Ne receptors shoma dzinoshanda, mameseji ematumbu haagone kusvika zvakakwana kuminyoro yako
• Kushaya simba kweminzira: Minyoro yako inogamuchira mameseji asina simba uye inoneta nekukurumidza
• Kuita kwetsinga ye thymus: Vanhu vanenge 75% vane zvinetso netsinga ye thymus izvo zvingaita kuti autoimmune response iitike

Chikonzero chaicho che autoimmune response iyi hachizivikanwi nguva dzose, asi vatsvakurudzi vanofunga kuti chinosanganisira kusanganiswa kwekutapurwa kwemajini nezvinhu zvakatipoteredza. Zviitiko zvizhinji zvinoitika pasina chiitiko chakajeka chinokonzera.

Rini unofanira kuona chiremba nekuda kwe myasthenia gravis?

Unofanira kubata nemunhu ane hutano kana ukaona kushaya simba kweminzira kunowedzera nekuita basa uye kunovandudzika nekuzorora. Iyi nzira yakasiyana zvikuru uye inoda kuongororwa kwemurapa.

Tsvaka rubatsiro rwekurapa nekukurumidza kana uine dambudziko rekufema, dambudziko guru rekumeza, kana kushaya simba kweminzira kunowedzera zvakanyanya. Aya maratidzo anogona kuratidza myasthenic crisis, iyo inoda kurapwa kwekukurumidza.

Usamirira kana uri kuona kuona zvinhu zviviri zvakasimba, maziso anodonha anokanganisa kuona kwako, kana kuchinja kutaura kunokanganisa vamwe kunzwisisa zvaunotaura. Kuongororwa nekukurumidza nekurapa kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira kuwedzera uye kuvandudza hupenyu hwako.

Ndeapi njodzi dze myasthenia gravis?

Zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinogona kuwedzera mukana wako wekuwana myasthenia gravis, kunyangwe kuva nezvinhu izvi hazvirevi kuti iwe uchawana chirwere ichi.

Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kunogona kukubatsira iwe nechikurapa chako kuramba muchengeti wezviratidzo zvepakutanga:

• Zera nebonde: Vakadzi vanowanzokanganiswa vasati vava nemakore 40, nepo varume vanowanzokuongororwa vava nemakore anopfuura 60
• Zvimwe zvirwere zve autoimmune: Kuva nerheumatoid arthritis, lupus, kana chirwere che thyroid kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yako
• Nhoroondo yemhuri: Kunyangwe zvisingauyi zvakasimba, kuva nehama dzine zvirwere zve autoimmune kunogona kuwedzera njodzi zvishoma
• Zvirwere zvetumor ye thymus gland: Vanhu vanenge 10-15% vane myasthenia gravis vane thymomas (zvirwere zvetumor ye thymus gland)
• Mishonga yakati: Mamwe maantibiotic, mishonga yemoyo, uye mishonga inosunungura minyoro inogona kuwedzera zviratidzo kune vanhu vanogona kukanganiswa

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti vanhu vazhinji vane myasthenia gravis havafaniri kuva nezvinhu zvine njodzi zvakajeka. Chirwere ichi chinogona kuitika kune ani zvake, pasinei nekumashure kwavo kana nhoroondo yehutano.

Ndeapi matambudziko anogona kuitika e myasthenia gravis?

Kunyangwe vanhu vazhinji vane myasthenia gravis vanozvibata zvakanaka nekurapa, zvakakosha kunzwisisa matambudziko anogona kuitika kuitira kuti unzwisise zviratidzo zvechokwadi pakutanga.

Chinetso chakakomba kwazvo ndeche myasthenic crisis, iyo inoitika kana minyoro yekufema ishaya simba zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinotapura vanhu vanenge 15-20% vane myasthenia gravis panguva yakati uye zvinoda kupinda muchipatara nekukurumidza.

Mamwe matambudziko aunofanira kuziva anosanganisira:

• Aspiration pneumonia: Minyoro yakasimba yekumeza inogona kubvumira chikafu kana mvura kupinda mumapapu ako
• Cholinergic crisis: Iyi inowanzoitika inogona kuitika kubva kumishonga yakawanda uye inokonzera kushaya simba kweminzira kufanana nechirwere icho pachacho
• Zvirwere zvetumor ye thymus gland: Vanhu vanenge 10-15% vanoita thymomas, izvo zvinoda kubviswa nekuvhiya
• Zvimwe zvirwere zve autoimmune: Ungave uine njodzi yakakwirira yekuwana zvimwe zvirwere zve autoimmune

Nekutarisa kwakakodzera uye kugadzirisa kurapa, zvizhinji zvematambudziko aya zvinogona kudzivirirwa kana kubatwa zvakakwana. Boka rako rekurapa richaita basa newe kuderedza njodzi idzi.

Myasthenia gravis inozwivikanwa sei?

Kuziva myasthenia gravis kunosanganisira bvunzo dzakati nekuti zviratidzo zvinogona kutevedzera zvimwe zvirwere. Chiremba wako anotanga nenhoroondo yakakwana yehutano uye kuongororwa kwemuviri, achinyanya kutarisa pane zviratidzo zvekushanda kweminzira.

Maitiro ekuongorora kazhinji anosanganisira bvunzo idzi dzakakosha:

• Bvudzo dzeropa: Idzi dzinotarisa antibodies chaiyo dzinoshandisa acetylcholine receptors kana mamwe maprotein ane hukama
• Electromyography (EMG): Iyi bvunzo inoyerera simba remagetsi muminyoro yako uye inogona kuona zviratidzo zvakasiyana
• Nerve conduction studies: Idzi dzinotarisa kuti mameseji anofamba sei kubva kumatumbu kuenda kuminyoro
• Edrophonium test: Mishonga isingagari kwenguva refu inopiwa kuona kana simba reminyo richivandudzwa nekukurumidza
• CT kana MRI yechipfuva: Aya ma scan anotarisa zvinetso zvetumor ye thymus gland kana zvirwere

Chiremba wako anogona zvakare kuita bvunzo ye ice pack, uko ice inoiswa pamasikiro anodonha kuona kana chando chiri kuvandudza kushaya simba nekukurumidza. Iyi bvunzo iri nyore inogona kupa zviratidzo zvinokosha zvekuongorora.

Kurapa kwe myasthenia gravis ndekupi?

Kurapa kwe myasthenia gravis kunangidzirwa pakuvandudza simba reminyo, kuderedza zviratidzo, uye kukubatsira kuchengetedza hupenyu hwako. Mashoko akanaka ndeawo kuti pane nzira dzakawanda dzinoshanda dzekurapa dziripo.

Chirongwa chako chekurapa chichava chinosanganisira nzira imwe kana dzakawanda idzi:

• Cholinesterase inhibitors: Mishonga senge pyridostigmine inobatsira kuvandudza kutaurirana pakati pematumbu neminyo
• Immunosuppressive drugs: Corticosteroids nemamwe mishonga inobatsira kuderedza autoimmune response
• Plasmapheresis: Iyi nzira inobvisa antibodies inokuvadza kubva muropa rako, ichibvumira kuvandudzwa kwenguva pfupi
• Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): Aya ma infusions anogona kubatsira kugadzirisa sisitimu yako yekudzivirira muviri
• Thymectomy: Kubviswa kwetsinga ye thymus kunogona kupa mabhenefiti ekugara kwenguva refu, kunyanya kune varwere vaduku

Kurapa kunogadzirirwa munhu mumwe nemumwe, uye chiremba wako achaita basa newe kuwana musanganiswa unokushandira iwe zvakakwana. Vanhu vazhinji vanoona kuvandudzwa kukuru nekurapa kwakakodzera.

Nzira yekubata sei myasthenia gravis pamba?

Kubata myasthenia gravis pamba kunosanganisira kuita sarudzo dzehupenyu dzinochengetedza simba rako uye kuderedza zviratidzo zvinowedzera. Kugadzirisa duku kunogona kuita musiyano mukuru pane zvaunonzwa zuva nezuva.

Heano mazano anoshanda anogona kukubatsira kunzwa zvakanaka:

• Rongedza mabasa enguva yako yakasimba: Rongedza mabasa akakosha kana minyoro yako ichinzwa ine simba, kazhinji mangwanani
• Zorora nguva dzose: Zorora usati waneta kudzivirira kushaya simba kweminzira kubva kuita zvakanyanya
• Dya zvidiki, zvokudya zvakawanda: Iyi nzira iri nyore kuminyoro yekucheka nekumeza yakaneta
• Garai muchitonhorera: Kupisa kunogona kuwedzera zviratidzo, saka shandisa air conditioning uye dzivisa nzvimbo dzinopisa kana zvichibvira
• Gadzira kushushikana: Kushushikana kwemanzwiro kunogona kutanga zviratidzo zvinowedzera, saka ita maekisesaizi ekusununguka

Funga nezvekugadzirisa imba yako kuti ive nyore nekugadzira grab bars, kushandisa zvinhu zvisina uremu, uye kuchengeta zvinhu zvaunoda kazhinji zviri nyore kusvika. Aya magadzirirwo anogona kukubatsira kuchengetedza kuzvimiririra uku uchibata chirwere chako.

Unofanira kugadzirira sei kuona chiremba wako?

Kugadzirira kuona chiremba wako kunogona kubatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti unowana zvakanyanya kubva panguva yenyu pamwe chete. Kugadzirira kwakanaka kunotungamira pakukurukurirana kwakanaka uye kugadzirisa kurapa kwakanyanya kushanda.

Usati waona chiremba, chengeta dhayari yezviratidzo uchicherechedza kuti kushaya simba kunoitika riini, chii chinokonzera, uye chii chinobatsira kuvandudza. Iyi ruzivo inobatsira chiremba wako kunzwisisa zviratidzo zvako chaizvo.

Uya nerondedzero yakazara yemishonga yese, zvinowedzerwa, uye mavhitamini auri kutora, kusanganisira mwero uye nguva. Zvakare, gadzira mibvunzo nezve chirongwa chako chekurapa, migumisiro inogona kuitika, uye chero zvinokunetsa nezve chirwere chako.

Funga nezvekubata nemhuri kana shamwari inogona kukubatsira kukurudzira uye yekurangarira ruzivo rwakakosha rwakataurwa panguva yekushanya. Kuva nekutsigirwa kunogona kuva kukosha zvikuru pakukurukura sarudzo dzakaoma dzekurapa.

Chii chinonyanya kukosha nezve myasthenia gravis?

Myasthenia gravis chirwere chinogara chichibatika chinokanganisa simba reminyo, asi hachifanire kutsanangura hupenyu hwako. Nekurapa kwakakodzera uye kugadzirisa mararamiro, vanhu vazhinji vane chirwere ichi vanogona kuramba vachiita zvinhu zvavanoda.

Kiyi yekurarama zvakanaka ne myasthenia gravis ndeyekushanda pedyo nebato rako rekurapa, kuramba uine kurapa kwakakodzera, uye kuita sarudzo dzakanaka pane nzira yaunoshandisa simba rako. Yeuka kuti kudzora zviratidzo kazhinji kunovandudzika nekufamba kwenguva sezvaunenge iwe nechikurapa chako muchigadzirisa chirongwa chako chekurapa.

Rambai muchine tariro uye mwoyo murefu neizvi. Vanhu vazhinji vane myasthenia gravis vanoenderera mberi vachiva nemabasa, mhuri, uye mararamiro ane simba. Kuongororwa kwako ndiko kutanga kwekuziva maitiro ekubata chirwere ichi zvakakwana.

Mibvunzo inobvunzwa kazhinji nezve myasthenia gravis

Q1. Myasthenia gravis inogona here kurigadziriswa?

Myasthenia gravis kazhinji haigadziriswi, kunyangwe kungave kune genetic predisposition kune autoimmune conditions kazhinji. Fomu re congenital rinogadziriswa, asi izvi zvinomiririra pasi pe 5% yezviitiko zvese. Vanhu vazhinji vane myasthenia gravis havafaniri kuva nehama dzine chirwere ichi.

Q2. Myasthenia gravis inogona here kupora?

Parizvino, hapana mushonga we myasthenia gravis, asi inorapika zvikuru. Vanhu vazhinji vanowana remission refu nekurapa kwakakodzera. Vamwe vanhu, kunyanya avo vane kuvhiya kwe thymectomy, vangave vane kuvandudzwa kukuru kana kupora kwakazara kwezviratidzo kwenguva yakareba.

Q3. Myasthenia gravis ichawedzera here nekufamba kwenguva?

Kuwedzera kuno siyana zvikuru kubva kune munhu kune mumwe. Vamwe vanhu vanoona zviratidzo zvakasimba kwemakore, nepo vamwe vangave vane nguva yekuwedzera inoteverwa nekuvandudzwa. Nemishonga yemazuva ano, vanhu vazhinji vanogona kutarisira kuti mamiriro avo achazvidzora zvakanaka pane kuwedzera zvakanyanya.

Q4. Ndingaita here maekisesaizi ne myasthenia gravis?

Hongu, unogona kuita maekisesaizi ne myasthenia gravis, asi unofanira kuchinja nzira yako. Kuita maekisesaizi zvishoma kusvika pakati kunogona kuva kunobatsira, asi dzivisa kuita zvakanyanya. Shanda nebato rako rekurapa kugadzira chirongwa chemaekisesaizi chinokodzera mazinga ako esimba uye zviratidzo zvekushanda kweminzira.

Q5. Kune zvokudya zvandofanira kudzivisa ne myasthenia gravis here?

Hapana zvokudya zvakakosha zvaunofanira kudzivisa, asi vamwe vanhu vanoona kuti zvokudya zvakati zvinoita kuti zviratidzo zvavo zviwedzere. Quinine (inowanikwa mu tonic water) inogona kuwedzera kushaya simba kweminzira kune vamwe vanhu. Tarisa kudya zvokudya zvakakwana uye kuramba wakanyorova, uye kurukura chero zvinokunetsa nezvokudya nechikurapa chako.