Chii Chinonzi Myelodysplastic Syndrome? Zviratidzo, Zvinokonzera, & Kurapa

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) rudzi rwezvirwere zve ropa umo mapfupa ako haagadzire masero eropa ane hutano zvakanaka. Fungidzira mapfupa ako sefekitori inofanira kugadzira masero matsvuku eropa, masero machena eropa, uye maplatelet, asi muMDS, fekitori iyi inotanga kugadzira masero anotaridzika kunge asina kunaka uye asingashande zvakanaka.

Iyi chirwere chinonyanya kukanganisa vakuru vakwegura, vanhu vazhinji vachizivikanwa mushure memakore 65. Kunyange MDS inogona kunzwa ichinetsa kana ukangoinzwa nezvayo, kunzwisisa zviri kuitika mumuviri mako kunogona kukubatsira kushanda nesangano rako rezvehutano kuti urirare zvakanaka.

Chii Chinonzi Myelodysplastic Syndrome?

Myelodysplastic syndrome inoitika kana masero emadzimai ari mupfupa rako akakuvadzwa uye asingakwanisi kukura kuva masero eropa ane hutano, akakura. Pane kugadzira masero akajairika, mapfupa ako anogadzira masero eropa asingakodzeri, asingashande zvakanaka, uye kazhinji anofa usati aita basa rawo mumuviri mako.

Izvi zvinoita kuti huwandu hweropa huve hushoma, izvo vanachiremba vanoti cytopenias. Ungave usina masero matsvuku eropa (anemia), masero machena eropa (neutropenia), kana maplatelet (thrombocytopenia). Kuderera kwega kwega kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakasiyana nezvinetso zvehutano.

MDS dzimwe nguva inonzi mamiriro e"preleukemic" nekuti inogona kukura kuva acute leukemia kune vamwe vanhu. Zvisinei, vanhu vazhinji vane MDS havazomboiti leukemia uye vanogona kurarama kwemakore akawanda nekurapa kwakakodzera nekurapa.

Ndeapi Zviratidzo zveMyelodysplastic Syndrome?

Zviratidzo zveMDS zvinoonekwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinobatanidzwa zvakananga nekuva nehuwandu hushoma hweropa. Vanhu vazhinji havaoni zviratidzo pakarepo, uye chirwere ichi chinowanzoonekwa pakuongororwa kweropa kwezvikonzero zvimwe.

Heano zviratidzo zvakajairika zvaunogona kuona:

• Kuneta kwenguva refu uye kushaya simba kunoshanduka nekuzorora
• Kushaya mweya panguva yemabasa akajairika kana uri kurara
• Ganda rakasvibira, kunyanya kuonekwa pachiso chako, maziso mukati, kana makwati
• Kutemwa nyore kubva pakukuvadzwa kwakapfava kana kukuvara
• Kubuda ropa kusina kujairika, sekubuda ropa mumhino, kubuda ropa kwegum, kana kuyerera kwemwedzi kwakanyanya
• Kunetseka kazhinji kunotora nguva yakareba kupfuura zvakajairika kurapa
• Kuora musoro kana kuora musoro kana wakamira
• Kupuruzira kwemoyo kana kurova kwemoyo kwakanyanya

Vamwe vanhu vanoonawo zviratidzo zvisingawanzoitika senge kurwadziwa kwematumbu, kurasikirwa nechido chekudya, kana kurasikirwa uremu kusina kujairika. Kana uri kuona zviratidzo zvakawanda izvi zvichienderera kwemavhiki, zvinokosha kutaura navanachiremba vako, kunyange zvazvo zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvimwe zvirwere zvakawandawo.

Ndeapi Marudzi eMyelodysplastic Syndrome?

Vanachiremba vanoronga MDS mune marudzi akawanda zvichienderana nekuti masero asingakodzeri anotaridzika sei pasi pemikroskopu uye ndeapi marudzi eropa anokanganiswa. Sisitimu yeWorld Health Organization (WHO) ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa.

Marudzi makuru anosanganisira MDS ine single lineage dysplasia (inokanganisa rudzi rumwe chete reropa), MDS ine multilineage dysplasia (inokanganisa marudzi akawanda emasero), uye MDS ine excess blasts (ine masero asina kukura akawanda). Kunewo MDS ine isolated chromosome 5q deletion, ine shanduko chaiyo yemajini uye kazhinji inopindura zvakanaka pakurapa kwakati.

Chiremba wako achaonawo nhanho yako yengozi uchishandisa maitiro ekukora anokubatsira kufanotaura kuti chirwere ichi chingafambira mberi sei. Ruzivo urwu runobatsira kutungamira sarudzo dzekurapa uye runokupa kunzwisisa kwakanaka kwezvaunofanira kutarisira kuenda mberi.

Chii Chinokonzera Myelodysplastic Syndrome?

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vanachiremba havawanikwe chaizvoizvo chinokonzera MDS kukura. Izvi zvinonzi primary kana de novo MDS, uye zvinoita sekunge zvinoitika kana shanduko dzemajini dzichiitika mumasero emapfupa emadzimai nekufamba kwenguva, kazhinji sechikamu chekuchembera kwakajairika.

Zvisinei, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yako yekukura MDS:

• Kurapwa kwekare kenza ne chemotherapy kana radiation therapy
• Kuonekwa nemakemikari akati senge benzene kana formaldehyde
• Kusvuta zvakanyanya kwemakore mazhinji
• Zvirwere zvemajini zvakati zviripo kubva pakuberekwa
• Zvirwere zve ropa kare kana zvirwere zvemapfupa

Kana MDS ikakura mushure mekurapwa kenza, inonzi therapy-related kana secondary MDS. Izvi zvinowanzoitika makore akawanda mushure mekurapa uye zvinowanzova zvakasimba kupfuura primary MDS. Mashoko akanaka ndeawo kuti vanhu vazhinji vanowana kurapwa kenza havazomboiti MDS.

Zera ndiro njodzi huru, neavhareji yezera pakuzivikanwa iri makore 70. Varume vanowanzoita MDS kupfuura vakadzi, kunyange zvazvo musiyano wacho usiri mukuru.

Rini Ukaona Chiremba weMyelodysplastic Syndrome?

Unofanira kuronga kusangana nachiremba wako kana uri kuona kuneta kwenguva refu, kushaya simba, kana kushaya mweya kunokanganisa mabasa ako ezuva nezuva. Aya maratidzo anogona kuratidza huwandu hushoma hwe masero matsvuku eropa, izvo zvinoda kuongororwa nachiremba.

Tsvaga kurapwa kwemishonga nekukurumidza kana ukaona kubuda ropa kusina kujairika kana kutemwa, kunetseka kazhinji, kana iwe uchiona kuora musoro uye kuora musoro nguva dzose. Kunyange zvazvo aya maratidzo anogona kuva nezvikonzero zvakawanda, anoda kuongororwa kuti abvise zvirwere zve ropa senge MDS.

Kana uine nhoroondo yekurapwa kenza, zvakakosha kunyanya kuudza timu yako yehutano chero zviratidzo zvitsva kana zvichienderera. Vanoziva nhoroondo yako yemishonga uye vanogona kuona kana kuongororwa kuri kudiwa.

Ndeapi Njodzi dzeMyelodysplastic Syndrome?

Kunzwisisa njodzi kunogona kukubatsira kuva nehurukuro dzakachenjera nachiremba wako, kunyange zvazvo kuva nenjodzi hazvirevi kuti iwe uchava neMDS. Zera riri njodzi huru, nechirwere ichi chisingawanzoitika kune vanhu vari pasi pemakore 50.

Njodzi huru dzinosanganisira:

• Zera rakakura, kunyanya kuva nemakore anopfuura 65
• Murume (njodzi yakakwirira zvishoma kupfuura vakadzi)
• Kurapwa kare ne alkylating agents kana topoisomerase II inhibitors
• Kuonekwa ne radiation kubva pakurapa kana mabasa
• Kusvuta, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza masero emapfupa nekufamba kwenguva
• Zvimwe zvirwere zvemajini zvakawanikwa senge Fanconi anemia
• Nhoroondo yemhuri yezvirwere zve ropa kana MDS

Kuva nenjodzi imwe kana kupfuura hazvirevi kuti uchave neMDS. Vanhu vazhinji vane njodzi dzakawanda havazomboiti chirwere ichi, nepo vamwe vasina njodzi dzinozivikanwa vanoita. Kuwirirana kwemajini, nharaunda, nekuchembera kwakaoma uye hakunzwisiswi zvizere.

Ndeapi Matambudziko Anogona Kuitika eMyelodysplastic Syndrome?

MDS inogona kukonzera matambudziko akawanda, kunyanya nekuti mapfupa ako haagadzire masero eropa ane hutano zvakakwana. Kunzwisisa aya matambudziko anogona kukubatsira kuziva zviratidzo zvekuona uye rini unofanira kutsvaga kurapwa kwemishonga.

Matambudziko akajairika anosanganisira:

• Anemia yakakomba inoda kuiswa ropa
• Kunetseka kwakakomba nekuda kwehuwandu hushoma hwe masero machena eropa
• Kubuda ropa kunotyisa nekuda kwehuwandu hushoma hwe maplatelet
• Iron overload kubva pakuiswa ropa kazhinji
• Matambudziko emoyo kubva kune anemia yakakomba
• Kuenderera mberi kuenda ku acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

Anenge 30% yevanhu vane MDS vanozopedzisira vawana acute leukemia, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichienderana zvikuru nerudzi rwako rweMDS nenjodzi.

Iron overload inogona kuva nyaya kana uchida kuiswa ropa kazhinji. Iron yakawandisa inogona kukuvadza mwoyo wako, chiropa, nemamwe matunhu emuviri nekufamba kwenguva, asi izvi zvinogona kudzorwa nemishonga inonzi iron chelators kana zvichidiwa.

Myelodysplastic Syndrome Inoziviswa Sei?

Kuziva MDS kunoda bvunzo dzakawanda nekuti zviratidzo zvinogona kufanana nezvimwe zvirwere zve ropa kana kunyange mamiriro akajairika senge iron deficiency anemia. Chiremba wako anotanga nekuverenga kwakakwana kweropa (CBC) kuongorora masero ako matsvuku eropa, masero machena eropa, uye maplatelet.

Kana huwandu hwako hweropa husina kunaka, nhanho inotevera kazhinji ibvunzo yematumbu. Panguva iyi, chiremba wako anobvisa sampuli diki yematumbu, kazhinji kubva panguva yematumbu ako, kuongorora masero pasi pemikroskopu. Izvi zvinoratidza kana mapfupa ako ari kugadzira masero asingakodzeri anoratidza MDS.

Kuongororwa kuwedzerwa kunogona kusanganisira cytogenetic analysis kutsvaga shanduko dzechromosome, flow cytometry kuongorora hunhu hwe masero, uye kuongororwa kwemajini kwemajini chaiwo. Aya ma bvunzo anobatsira kuona rudzi rwako rweMDS uye kutungamira sarudzo dzekurapa.

Kurapa kweMyelodysplastic Syndrome Ndeapi?

Kurapa kweMDS kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira zera rako, hutano hwese, rudzi rweMDS rwaunaro, nenhamba yako yengozi. Chinangwa ndechekuvandudza huwandu hwako hweropa, kuderedza zviratidzo, uye kudzora kufambira mberi kwechirwere.

Sarudzo dzekurapa dzinogona kusanganisira:

• Kurapa kunotsigira nekuiswa ropa nemishonga yekudzivirira kunetseka
• Hypomethylating agents senge azacitidine kana decitabine
• Lenalidomide, inonyanya kushanda kune mamwe marudzi emajini
• Kusimudzirwa kwemasero emadzimai kune vechidiki, vane hutano hwakanaka
• Iron chelation therapy kana iron overload ikakura
• Growth factors kuti ikurudzire kugadzirwa kwemasero eropa

Vanhu vazhinji vanotanga nekurapa kunotsigira, kunotarisa pakudzora zviratidzo uye kudzivirira matambudziko. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuiswa ropa kazhinji, mishonga yekudzivirira kunetseka, kana mishonga yekuwedzera huwandu hwako hweropa.

Kune vamwe vanhu, kunyanya avo vane MDS ine njodzi yakakwira, kurapwa kwakasimba senge hypomethylating agents kunogona kubatsira kuvandudza huwandu hweropa uye hupenyu hwakanaka. Kusimudzirwa kwemasero emadzimai kunopa mukana wakanaka wekurapa asi kazhinji kunosara kune vechidiki vanogona kutsungirira nzira yakaoma.

Maitiro Ekutora Kurapa Kweimba Panguva yeMyelodysplastic Syndrome?

Kudzorera MDS kumba kunosanganisira kutora matanho ekudzivirira kubva pakunetseka, kudzivirira kukuvara kunogona kukonzera kubuda ropa, uye kuchengetedza hutano hwako hwese. Timu yako yehutano ichakupa mirairo chaiyo zvichienderana nehuwandu hwako hweropa uye chirongwa chekurapa.

Heano mazano ekutarisira kumba akakosha:

• Geza maoko ako kazhinji uye dzivisa vanhu vanorwara
• Shanyisa bhurashi rakapfava uye dzivisa kugeza kana huwandu hwako hwe maplatelet hushoma
• Pfeka magorovhosi kana uri kugadzira kana kuchenesa
• Dzivisa mitambo yekubata kana mabasa ane njodzi yakakwira yekukuvara
• Dya chikafu chakaenzana chine mapuroteni akawanda kuti utsigire sisitimu yako yekudzivirira
• Zorora zvakakwana uye dzora kushushikana
• Tora mishonga sezvakarayirwa

Chengetera thermometer uye tarisa tembiricha yako kana uchiona kusagadzikana. Fever inopfuura 100.4°F (38°C) inoda kurapwa kwemishonga nekukurumidza kana uine huwandu hushoma hwe masero machena eropa. Zvakafanana, chero kubuda ropa kusina kujairika kana kuneta kwakanyanya kunofanira kukurudzira kufona kune timu yako yehutano.

Unofanira Kugadzirira Sei Kusangana Kwako Nachiremba?

Kugadzirira misangano yako kunogona kukubatsira kuita zvakanyanya panguva yako ne timu yako yehutano uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti unowana ruzivo rwaunoda. Tanga nekanyora zviratidzo zvako, kusanganisira pavakatanga uye maitiro avanokanganisa hupenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva.

Uya nerondedzero yakazara yemishonga yese, zvinowedzerwa, uye mavhitamini auri kutora. Sanganisira mishonga yese isina kunyorerwa, sezvo imwe inogona kukanganisa huwandu hwako hweropa kana kubatana nekurapa kweMDS. Uyewo,unganidza ruzivo nezvenhoroondo yako yemishonga, kusanganisira kurapwa kwekare kenza kana kuonekwa nemakemikari.

Gadzira mibvunzo usati watanga uye funga kuuya nemumwe wemhuri kana shamwari kukubatsira kurangarira ruzivo rwakakosha. Bvunza nezverudzi rwako rweMDS, sarudzo dzekurapa, zvinogona kuitika, uye zvaunofanira kutarisira kuenda mberi. Usanetseka kubvunza kuti unzwisise kana usinganzwisisi chimwe chinhu.

Chii Chinonyanya Kukosha NezveMyelodysplastic Syndrome?

MDS mamiriro anogona kudzorwa, kunyange zvazvo inogona kunzwa ichinetsa pakutanga. Vanhu vazhinji vanorarama kwemakore akawanda nehupenyu hwakanaka nekurapa kwakakodzera nekutsigira kurapa. Chinhu chikuru ndechekushanda pedyo ne timu yako yehutano kuti uongorore mamiriro ako uye uchinje kurapa sezvinodiwa.

Yeuka kuti MDS inokanganisa munhu wese zvakasiyana. Chiitiko chako chingasiyana zvakanyanya nechemumwe munhu, kunyange kana uine rudzi rumwe chete. Tarisa pakutora zvinhu zuva rimwe nerimwe uye usanetseka kukumbira rubatsiro kubva kune timu yako yehutano, mhuri, neshamwari.

Kuziva nezve mamiriro ako kunokubatsira kuita sarudzo dzakanaka nezve kurapwa kwako, asi edza kusazorora neruzivo. Vimba ne timu yako yehutano kukutungamira munzira iyi uye yeuka kuti kurapwa kweMDS kuri kuenderera mberi kuchivandudzwa, rich kupa tariro yemigumisiro iri nani mune ramangwana.

Mibvunzo InowanzoBvunzwa NezveMyelodysplastic Syndrome

Q1. Myelodysplastic syndrome yakafanana here ne leukemia?

MDS haisi yakafanana ne leukemia, kunyange zvazvo iri mamiriro ane hukama. MDS chirwere umo mapfupa ako anogadzira masero eropa asingakodzeri asingashande zvakanaka. Leukemia inosanganisira masero ekenza anowedzera nekukurumidza uye anozadza masero eropa akajairika. Zvisinei, anenge 30% yevanhu vane MDS vanogona kuwana acute leukemia, ndosaka vanachiremba vachiongorora varwere pedyo.

Q2. Munhu anogona kurarama kwenguva yakareba sei ne myelodysplastic syndrome?

Nguva yekurarama neMDS inosiyana zvikuru zvichienderana nezera rako, hutano hwese, uye rudzi rwakakosha nenhamba yengozi yeMDS yako. Vamwe vanhu vanorarama kwemakore mazhinji nechirwere ichi, nepo vamwe vangave nekuenderera mberi kwakasimba. Chiremba wako anogona kukupa tarisiro yakakosha zvichienderana nemamiriro ako chaiwo uye kupindura kurapa.

Q3. Myelodysplastic syndrome inogona kurapwa here?

Parizvino, kusimudzirwa kwemasero emadzimai ndiko kurapa chete kunopa mukana wekurapa, asi hakusi kwakakodzera kune munhu wese nekuda kwezera nezvikonzero zvehutano. Kune vanhu vazhinji, MDS inorapwa sechinetso chekare chinogona kudzorwa nekurapa kwakasiyana kuvandudza hupenyu hwakanaka uye kudzora kufambira mberi.

Q4. Ndichada kuiswa ropa here neMDS?

Vanhu vazhinji vane MDS vanoda kuiswa ropa, kunyanya kuiswa ropa kwemasero matsvuku eropa kune anemia. Huwandu hunoenderana nehuwandu hwako hweropa nezviratidzo. Vamwe vanhu vanoda kuiswa ropa vhiki nevhiki, nepo vamwe vangazoda zvishoma kana kuti vasina, kunyanya kana kurapa kwakasiyana kuri kubatsira kuchengetedza huwandu hwavo hweropa.

Q5. Shanduko dzekudya kana mararamiro dzinogona kubatsira neMDS here?

Kunyangwe shanduko dzekudya nemaitiro ehupenyu dzisingakwanisi kurapa MDS, dzinogona kukubatsira kunzwa zvakanaka uye kuderedza njodzi yematambudziko. Kudya chikafu chakaenzana chine mapuroteni akawanda kunotsigira sisitimu yako yekudzivirira, kuchengetedza mvura kunobatsira nekuneta, uye kudzivirira vanhu vanorwara kunoderedza njodzi yekunetseka. Kuita zvemitambo zvishoma nezvishoma, kana uchizonzwa uchikwanisa, kunogonawo kubatsira kuchengetedza simba rako nemafungiro ako.