Nephrotic Syndrome

'Nephrotic syndrome chirwere cheitsvo chinoita kuti muviri wako uburitse protein yakawanda muurine. Nephrotic syndrome kazhinji inokonzerwa nekuvadzwa kwemapoka maduku eropa mudumbu menyu itsvo anochera tsvina nemvura yakawandisa kubva muropa. Iyi chirwere chinoita kuti uve nekuzvimba, kunyanya patsoka dzako nemabvi, uye inowedzera njodzi yemamwe matambudziko ehutano.'

Zviratidzo nezvikonzero zve nephrotic syndrome zvinosanganisira:

• Kurwadziwa kwakanyanya (edema), kunyanya kumeso nepakati petsoka nemakumbo
• Weewee ine mhangura, inokonzerwa neprotein yakawandisa muweewee rako
• Kuwedzera uremu nekuda kwekubata mvura
• Kuneta
• Kurasikirwa nechido chekudya

Enda kunotarisa nachiremba kana uine zviratidzo kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinokunetsa.

Nephrotic syndrome inowanzo konzerwa nekuvadzwa kwemapoka maduku eropa (glomeruli) emuitsvo yako.

Glomeruli inochera ropa rako sezvo richipfuura nemuitsvo, ichibvisa zvinhu zvinodiwa nemuviri wako kune izvo zvisingadiwi. Glomeruli ine hutano inodzivirira puroteni yeropa (kunyanya albumin) — inodiwa kuchengetedza huwandu hwakakodzera hwemvura mumuviri wako — kubva pakupinda mumukombero wako. Kana yakakuvadzwa, glomeruli inobvumira puroteni yeropa yakawanda kubuda mumuviri wako, zvichikonzera nephrotic syndrome.

Zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yako ye nephrotic syndrome zvinosanganisira:

• Zvirwere zvinogona kukuvadza itsvo dzako. Zvirwere zvimwe nezvimwe zvinosimudzira njodzi yako yekuwana nephrotic syndrome, senge chirwere cheshuga, lupus, amyloidosis, reflux nephropathy nezvimwe zvirwere zveitsvo.
• Mishonga yakati wandei. Mishonga inogona kukonzera nephrotic syndrome inosanganisira mishonga isina steroid anti-inflammatory uye mishonga inoshandiswa kurwisa hutachiona.
• Utachiona hwakati wandei. Utachiona hunowedzera njodzi ye nephrotic syndrome hunosanganisira HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C uye malaria.

Zvinogona kukonzerwa ne nephrotic syndrome zvinosanganisira:

• Mvere dzeropa. Kusakwanisa kwe glomeruli kuchenesa ropa zvakakwana kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwemaprotein eropa anobatsira kudzivirira kuita mvere. Izvi zvinoita kuti uve panjodzi yekuwana mvere yeropa mumitsinga yako.
• Kolesterol yepamusoro yeropa uye triglycerides yakakwira yeropa. Kana huwandu hwe protein albumin muropa rako richidonha, chiropa chako chinoita albumin yakawanda. Panguva imwe chete, chiropa chako chinoburitsa cholesterol yakawanda uye triglycerides.
• Kushomeka kwezvinovaka muviri. Kurasikirwa nemaprotein eropa akawanda kunogona kukonzera kushomeka kwezvinovaka muviri. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa uremu, izvo zvinogona kuvanzwa ne edema. Unogonawo kuva nema cell mashoma matsvuku eropa (anemia), mazinga eprotein eropa ari pasi uye mazinga e vitamin D ari pasi.
• Kumanikidzwa kwepamusoro kweropa. Kukuvadzwa kwe glomeruli yako uye kuunganidzwa kwemvura yakawandisa mumuviri kunogona kukwidza kumanikidzwa kwako kweropa.
• Kukuvadzwa kwepanyama kweitsvo. Kana itsvo dzako dzikarasikirwa nehunyanzvi hwavo hwekuchenesa ropa nekuda kwekuvadzwa kwe glomeruli, zvinhu zvisina basa zvinogona kuunganidzwa nekukurumidza muropa rako. Kana izvi zvikaitika, ungada dialysis yekukurumidza — nzira yekubvisa mvura yakawandisa nezvinhu zvisina basa kubva muropa rako — kazhinji uchishandisa muchina weitsvo wekunyepedzera (dialyzer).
• Chirwere cheitsvo chekare. Nephrotic syndrome inogona kukonzera kuti itsvo dzako dzirasikirwe nebasa ravo nekufamba kwenguva. Kana basa reitsvo richidonha zvakakwana, ungada dialysis kana kupandikirwa kweitsvo.
• Zvirwere. Vanhu vane nephrotic syndrome vane njodzi yakawedzera yezvirwere.

Kuongororwa uye nzira dzinoshandiswa pakuzivisa nephrotic syndrome zvinosanganisira:

• Kuongororwa kwemukaka. Kuongororwa kwemukaka kunogona kuratidza zvinhu zvisina kunaka mumukaka wako, zvakadai semukaka wakawanda weprotein. Ungakumbirwa kuunganidza sampuli dzemukaka kwemaawa 24.
• Kuongororwa kweropa. Kuongororwa kweropa kunogona kuratidza mazinga mashoma eprotein albumin uye kazhinji mazinga akaderera eprotein yeropa zvachose. Kurasikirwa nealbumin kazhinji kunobatanidzwa nekuwedzera kwecholesterol yeropa uye triglycerides yeropa.mazinga e creatinine ne urea nitrogen muropa rako anogona kuyerawo kuti aone basa rako rose reitsvo.
• Kidney biopsy. Chiremba wako angakurudzira kubvisa sampuli duku yetsvo kuti aongorore. Panguva yekuongororwa kwetsvo, tsono inopinzwa kuburikidza neganda rako uye mukati metsvo yako. Tishu yetsvo inounganidzwa uye inotumirwa ku laboratori kuti iongororwe.

Kurapa chirwere chenephrotic syndrome kunosanganisira kurapa chero chirwere chinogona kukonzera nephrotic syndrome yako. Chiremba wako angakurudzirawo mishonga uye kuchinja mune zvaunodya kuti ubatsire kudzora zviratidzo zvako nezvimwe zviratidzo kana kurapa matambudziko e nephrotic syndrome.Mishonga inogona kusanganisira:

Mishonga yekuderedza BP. Mishonga inonzi angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors inoderedza BP nekukura kwe protein inobuda mumukaka. Mishonga iri muchikamu ichi inosanganisira lisinopril (Prinivil, Qbrelis, Zestril), benazepril (Lotensin), captopril uye enalapril (Vasotec).

Rimwe boka remishonga rinoshanda zvakafanana rinonzi angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) uye rinosanganisira losartan (Cozaar) uye valsartan (Diovan). Mishonga yakawanda, senge renin inhibitors, inogona kushandiswawo, kunyangwe angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors ne angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) zvinowanzo shandiswa kutanga.

Mishonga yekuderedza cholesterol. Statins inogona kubatsira kuderedza cholesterol. Zvisinei, hazvina kujeka kana mishonga yekuderedza cholesterol inogona kuvandudza zvibereko zvevanhu vane nephrotic syndrome, senge kudzivirira kurwara kwemoyo kana kuderedza njodzi yekufa nekukurumidza.

Statins inosanganisira atorvastatin (Lipitor), fluvastatin (Lescol XL), lovastatin (Altoprev), pravastatin (Pravachol), rosuvastatin (Crestor, Ezallor) uye simvastatin (Zocor).

• Mishonga yekuderedza BP. Mishonga inonzi angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors inoderedza BP nekukura kwe protein inobuda mumukaka. Mishonga iri muchikamu ichi inosanganisira lisinopril (Prinivil, Qbrelis, Zestril), benazepril (Lotensin), captopril uye enalapril (Vasotec).

  Rimwe boka remishonga rinoshanda zvakafanana rinonzi angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) uye rinosanganisira losartan (Cozaar) uye valsartan (Diovan). Mishonga yakawanda, senge renin inhibitors, inogona kushandiswawo, kunyangwe angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors ne angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) zvinowanzo shandiswa kutanga.

• Mapiritsi emvura (diuretics). Aya anobatsira kudzora kuzvimba nekukura kwekuyerera kwemvura yekidney. Mishonga ye diuretic inowanzo sanganisira furosemide (Lasix). Zvimwe zvinosanganisira spironolactone (Aldactone, Carospir) uye thiazides, senge hydrochlorothiazide kana metolazone (Zaroxolyn).

• Mishonga yekuderedza cholesterol. Statins inogona kubatsira kuderedza cholesterol. Zvisinei, hazvina kujeka kana mishonga yekuderedza cholesterol inogona kuvandudza zvibereko zvevanhu vane nephrotic syndrome, senge kudzivirira kurwara kwemoyo kana kuderedza njodzi yekufa nekukurumidza.

  Statins inosanganisira atorvastatin (Lipitor), fluvastatin (Lescol XL), lovastatin (Altoprev), pravastatin (Pravachol), rosuvastatin (Crestor, Ezallor) uye simvastatin (Zocor).

• Mishonga yekuderedza ropa (anticoagulants). Aya anogona kunyorwa kuderedza kukwanisa kweropa rako kuti riome, kunyanya kana wambova nekuoma kweropa. Anticoagulants anosanganisira heparin, warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven), dabigatran (Pradaxa), apixaban (Eliquis) uye rivaroxaban (Xarelto).

• Mishonga inodzora immune system. Mishonga yekudzora immune system, senge corticosteroids, inogona kuderedza kuzvimba kunouya pamwe nemamwe mamiriro anogona kukonzera nephrotic syndrome. Mishonga inosanganisira rituximab (Rituxan), cyclosporine uye cyclophosphamide.

Kuchinja kudya kwako kunogona kubatsira nekunephrotic syndrome. Chiremba wako angakutuma kune dietitian, uyo angakurudzira kuti uite zvinotevera:

• Sarudza manyuko mashoma eprotein. Protein inobva kuzvirimwa inobatsira pakurwara kwemanyama.
• Dzikisa huwandu hwemafuta ne cholesterol mukudya kwako kuti ubate cholesterol yako yeropa.
• Dyisa kudya kwakaderera munyu kuti ubate kuzvimba.
• Dzikisa huwandu hwemvura mukudya kwako.