Kenza, Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma chirwere chemukenza chinoitika kubva kumasero enerve asati akura ari munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzemuviri.

Neuroblastoma kazhinji inowanikwa mukati nekumativi e adrenal glands, dzine mavambo akafanana nemasero enerve uye dzakagara pamusoro peitsvo. Zvisinei, neuroblastoma inogonawo kukura munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemudumbu uye muchipfuva, mutsipa uye pedyo nemutadzi, uko mapoka emasero enerve aripo.

Neuroblastoma kazhinji inokanganisa vana vane makore mashanu kana pasi apa, kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoitiki kuvana vakura.

Mamwe marudzi e neuroblastoma anoenda oga, nepo mamwe achida kurapwa kwakawanda. Nzira dzekurapa neuroblastoma yemwana wako zvichaenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda.

Zviratidzo nezvimwe zvirwere zve neuroblastoma zvinosiyana zvichienderana nechikamu chemuviri chakabatwa.

Neuroblastoma mudumbu — rudzi runowanzoitika — inogona kukonzera zviratidzo nezvimwe zvirwere zvakadai se:

• Kurwadziwa mudumbu
• Bvudzi pasi peganda risina kurwadza kana rabata
• Kushanduka kwemaitiro emudumbu, sekushaya simba kana kuvimbiswa

Neuroblastoma muchipfuva inogona kukonzera zviratidzo nezvimwe zvirwere zvakadai se:

• Kuchema
• Kurwadziwa muchipfuva
• Kushanduka kwemaziso, kusanganisira kuwira kwemaziso nehukuru hwakasiyana hwemwana wemwana

Zvimwe zviratidzo nezvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kuratidza neuroblastoma zvinosanganisira:

• Zvidimbu zve tishu pasi peganda
• Maziso anotaridzika kunge ari kubuda mumasokisi (proptosis)
• Madenderedzwa madiki, akafanana nemaronda, akapoteredza maziso
• Kurwadziwa kumusana
• Kupisa
• Kurasikirwa nehuremu kusina tsananguro
• Kurwadziwa kwemapfupa

Taura nachiremba wemwana wako kana mwana wako akaita chero zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvinokunetsa. Taura nezve chero shanduko mumaitiro kana tsika dzemwana wako. Nyorera mahara uye gamuchira bhuku rakajeka rekuita zvekurwisa kenza, pamwe neruzivo runobatsira rwekuti ungawana sei pfungwa yechipiri. Unogona kubvisa kunyorera chero nguva. Bhuku rako rakajeka rekuita zvekurwisa kenza richave mu inbox yako nekukurumidza. Iwe uchazofanirawo

Muchange, cancer inotanga nekuchinja kwemajini kunobvumira masero akajairika, ane hutano kuti arambe achikura pasina kupindura kune zviratidzo zvekumisa, izvo masero akajairika anoita. Masero ekenza anokura uye anoawanda zvisina kumira. Masero asingawanzo kuunganidzwa anoumba mvere (tumor).

Neuroblastoma inotanga mune neuroblasts — masero enerve asati akura ayo fetus inoita sechibereko chekuvandudzika kwayo.

Sezvo fetus iri kukura, neuroblasts pakupedzisira inoshanduka kuva masero enerve nemachira uye masero anoita maglands e adrenal. Neuroblasts yakawanda inokura pakuvapo, kunyange zvazvo nhamba shoma ye neuroblasts isati yakura inogona kuwanikwa muvana vachangoberekwa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, neuroblasts idzi dzinoibva kana kupera. Vamwe, zvisinei, vanoumba tumor — neuroblastoma.

Hazvina kujeka kuti chii chinokonzera kuchinja kwemajini ekutanga kunotungamira ku neuroblastoma.

Vana vane nhoroondo yemhuri ye neuroblastoma vangangove vane mukana mukuru wekurwara chirwere ichi. Asi, neuroblastoma yemhuri inofungidzirwa kuti ine nhamba shoma kwazvo yezviitiko zve neuroblastoma. Muzviitiko zvakawanda zve neuroblastoma, chikonzero hachizivikanwi.

Zvinetso zve neuroblastoma zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kupararira kweri (metastasis). Neuroblastoma inogona kupararira (metastasize) kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri, dzakadai sema lymph nodes, bone marrow, itsvo, ganda nemapfupa.
• Zviratidzo nezvikonzero zvinokonzerwa nekuyerera kwehutachiona. Masero eNeuroblastoma anogona kuburitsa mamwe makemikari anokonzera kutsamwa kwedzimwe tishu dzakajairika, zvichikonzera zviratidzo nezvikonzero zvinonzi paraneoplastic syndromes. Imwe paraneoplastic syndrome iyo inowanzoitika zvishoma munhu ane neuroblastoma inokonzera kufamba kwekukurumidza kwemaziso uye kuoma nekubatana. Imwe syndrome isingawanzoitika inokonzera kuzvimba kwemudumbu uye manyoka.

Kuongororwa uye nzira dzinoshandiswa pakuzivisa neuroblastoma zvinosanganisira:

• Kuongororwa kwemuviri. Chiremba wemwana wenyu anoita kuongororwa kwemuviri kuti aone zviratidzo ne zviratidzo. Chiremba acha kubvunza mibvunzo nezve tsika nemafambisirwo emwana wenyu.
• Kuongororwa kwerine ne ropa. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza chikonzero chezviratidzo ne zviratidzo zviri kuitika kumwana wenyu. Kuongororwa kwerine kunogona kushandiswa kuongorora mazinga akakwirira emakemikari chaiwo anobva kumasero e neuroblastoma achigadzira catecholamines yakawandisa.
• Kuongororwa kwe mifananidzo. Kuongororwa kwe mifananidzo kunogona kuratidza huwandu hunogona kuratidza ganda. Kuongororwa kwe mifananidzo kunogona kusanganisira X-ray, ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT) scan, metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan uye magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pakati pevamwe.
• Kubvisa sampuli yetsinga kuti iongororwe. Kana huwandu hwakawanikwa, chiremba wemwana wenyu angada kubvisa sampuli yetsinga kuti iongororwe murabhoritari (biopsy). Kuongororwa kwakakosha pane sampuli yetsinga kunogona kuratidza marudzi emasero ari mu ganda uye hunhu hwakakosha hwemajini emakemikari ekenza. Ruzivo urwu runobatsira chiremba wemwana wenyu kugadzira chirongwa chekurapa chakanyatsogadzirirwa.
• Kubvisa sampuli yemigunda yematanda kuti iongororwe. Mwana wenyu anogonawo kuita biopsy yemigunda yematanda uye nzira dzekubvisa migunda yematanda kuti aone kana neuroblastoma yakapararira kumigunda yematanda — zvinhu zvakapfava mukati memapfupa makuru uko masero eropa anoitwa. Kuti ubvise migunda yematanda kuti iongororwe, tsono inoiswa mu hipbone yemwana wenyu kana kumashure kuti ibvise migunda yematanda.

Kana neuroblastoma yaziviswa, chiremba wemwana wenyu anogona kuraira kuongororwa kwakawanda kuti azive huwandu hwekenza uye kana yakapararira kune dzimwe nhengo — nzira inonzi staging. Kuziva nhanho yekenza kunobatsira chiremba kusarudza kurapa kwakakodzera.

Kuongororwa kwe mifananidzo kunoshandiswa pakuzivisa kenza kunosanganisira X-rays, bone scans, uye CT, MRI uye MIBG scans, pakati pevamwe.

Nhanho dze neuroblastoma dzinotaurwa nemanhamba eRoma anobva pa 0 kusvika ku IV, nenhamba dziri pasi dzichitaura kenza iri munzvimbo imwe chete. Ne nhanho IV, kenza inofungwa kuti yakakwirira uye yakapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri.

Chiremba womwana wenyu anosarudza chirongwa chekurapa zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakati wandei zvinokanganisa mamiriro ehutano hwomwana wenyu. Zvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira zera romwana wenyu, nhanho yekenza, rudzi rwesero rinosanganisirwa mukenza, uye kana paine zvikanganiso muzvinhu zviri muchromosome nemajini. Chiremba womwana wenyu anoshandisa ruzivo urwu kuisa kenza seyakaderera njodzi, njodzi yepamusoro kana njodzi yakakwirira. Kurapa kana kusanganiswa kwezvipatara zvinogamuchirwa nemwana wenyu zve neuroblastoma kunoenderana nechikamu chenjodzi. Vanachirurgi vanoshandisa scalpels nezvimwe zviridzwa zvekuvhiya kubvisa masero ekenza. Muvana vane neuroblastoma ine njodzi yakaderera, kuvhiya kubvisa tumor kunogona kunge kuri kurapa chete kunodiwa. Kana tumor ichigona kubviswa zvachose kunoenderana nekwainowanikwa nekukura kwayo. Tumors dzakabatana nemiviri inokosha iri pedyo - senge mapapu kana spinal cord - inogona kunge ine njodzi yakanyanya kubvisa. Mu neuroblastoma ine njodzi yepamusoro uye yakakwirira, vanachirurgi vanogona kuedza kubvisa zvakawanda zvetumor sezvinobvira. Kurapa kwakasiyana, sekemotherapy uye radiation, kunogona kushandiswa kuuraya masero ekenza asara. Chemotherapy inoshandisa kemikari kuparadza masero ekenza. Chemotherapy inoronga masero anokura nekukurumidza mumuviri, kusanganisira masero ekenza. Zvinosuruvarisa, chemotherapy inokuvadzawo masero ane hutano anokura nekukurumidza, senge masero ari mu follicle yevhudzi uye mune gastrointestinal system, izvo zvinogona kukonzera zvinokonzerwa nemigumisiro. Vana vane neuroblastoma ine njodzi yepamusoro vanowanzo gamuchira kusanganiswa kwezvinodhaka zve chemotherapy usati wava kuvhiya kuvandudza mikana yekuti tumor yose igone kubviswa. Vana vane neuroblastoma ine njodzi yakakwirira vanowanzo gamuchira zviyero zvakakwirira zve chemotherapy zvinodhaka kudzikisa tumor uye kuuraya chero masero ekenza akapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo mumuviri. Chemotherapy inowanzo shandiswa usati wava kuvhiya uye usati wava kutransplant bone marrow. Radiation therapy inoshandisa mabhemu ane simba rakakwirira, senge X-rays, kuparadza masero ekenza. Vana vane neuroblastoma ine njodzi yakaderera kana yepamusoro vanogona kugamuchira radiation therapy kana kuvhiya ne chemotherapy zvisina kubatsira. Vana vane neuroblastoma ine njodzi yakakwirira vanogona kugamuchira radiation therapy mushure me chemotherapy ne kuvhiya, kudzivirira kenza kubva pakudzoka. Radiation therapy inonyanya kukanganisa nzvimbo yainangidzirwa, asi mamwe masero ane hutano anogona kukuvadzwa ne radiation. Zvinokonzerwa nemigumisiro yemwana wenyu zvinoenderana nekwainangidzirwa radiation uye huwandu hwe radiation hunopiwa. Vana vane neuroblastoma ine njodzi yakakwirira vanogona kugamuchira kusimudzirwa vachishandisa masero estem akaunganidzwa kubva mubone marrow (autologous stem cell transplant). Immunotherapy inoshandisa mishonga inoshanda nekutuma system yekudzivirira mumuviri wako kubatsira kurwisa masero ekenza. Vana vane neuroblastoma ine njodzi yakakwirira vanogona kugamuchira mishonga ye immunotherapy inokurudzira immune system kuuraya masero e neuroblastoma. Vanachiremba vari kudzidza rudzi rutsva rwe radiation therapy rusingabatsire kudzora neuroblastoma ine njodzi yakakwirira. Kurapa kunoshandisa rudzi rwe radioactive rwekemikari metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). Kana yakapiswa muropa, MIBG inofamba kuenda kumasero e neuroblastoma uye inoburitsa radiation. MIBG therapy dzimwe nguva inosanganiswa ne chemotherapy kana bone marrow transplant. Mushure mekugamuchira injection ye radioactive MIBG, mwana wenyu achada kugara mukamuri rechirwere rakakosha kusvikira radiation ichibva mumuviri wake mumukaka. MIBG therapy inowanzo torwa mazuva mashoma. Nyorera mahara uye gamuchira gwara rakajeka rekutambura nekukenza, pamwe neruzivo runobatsira pamusoro pekuti ungawana sei pfungwa yechipiri. Unogona kubvisa kunyorera pa unobatanidza kubvisa mu email. Gwara rako rakajeka rekutambura nekukenza richave mu inbox yako nekukurumidza. Iwe uchazofanirawo Kana mwana wako akaonekwa ane kenza, zvakajairika kunzwa manzwiro akasiyana - kubva pakushamisika nekusaona kusvika pakuzvidya mhosva nekutsamwa. Pakati pe rollercoaster iyi yemanzwiro, unotarisirwa kuita sarudzo pamusoro pekurapa kwemwana wako. Zvinogona kunge zvakanyanya. Kana uri kunzwa wakarasika, unogona kuedza ku: - Unganidza ruzivo rwose rwunoda. Tsvaga zvakakwana nezve neuroblastoma kunzwa wakasununguka kuita sarudzo pamusoro pekuchengetwa kwemwana wako. Taura nechikwata chehutano hwemwana wako. Chengeta rondedzero yemibvunzo yekubvunza pakuchikwa chinotevera. Shanyira raibhurari yako yemuno uye bvunza rubatsiro pakutsvaga ruzivo. Bvunza mawebsite eNational Cancer Institute neAmerican Cancer Society kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo. - Tora mukana wezviwanikwa zvevana vane kenza. Tsvaga zviwanikwa zvakakosha zvemhuri dzevana vane kenza. Bvunza vashandi vemagariro evanhu vekiriniki yako nezve zviripo. Mapoka ekutsigira vabereki nehama anokubatanidza nevanhu vanonzwisisa zvaunonzwa. Mhuri yako inogona kukodzera makambani ekuzorora, pekugara kwenguva pfupi uye rutsigiro rwakasiyana. - Chengeta zvinhu zvakajairika sezvinobvira. Vana vaduku havazwisisi zviri kuitika kwavari sezvo vari kurapwa nekukenza. Kuti ubatsire mwana wako kuita, edza kuchengeta tsika yakajairika sezvinobvira. Edza kuronga misangano kuitira kuti mwana wako ave nenguva yekurara zuva rega rega. Ive ne nguva yekudya yakajairwa. Bvumira nguva yekutamba kana mwana wako achinzwa. Kana mwana wako achifanira kupedza nguva muchipatara, taura zvinhu zvinobva kumba zvinomubatsira kunzwa akasununguka. Bvunza chikwata chehutano hwako nezvimwe nzira dzekunyaradza mwana wako mukati mekurapa kwake. Mamwe mazvipatara ane vanachiremba vekuvaraidza kana vashandi vehupenyu hwemwana vanogona kukupa nzira dzakakosha dze kubatsira mwana wako kuita. Chengeta zvinhu zvakajairika sezvinobvira. Vana vaduku havazwisisi zviri kuitika kwavari sezvo vari kurapwa nekukenza. Kuti ubatsire mwana wako kuita, edza kuchengeta tsika yakajairwa sezvinobvira. Edza kuronga misangano kuitira kuti mwana wako ave nenguva yekurara zuva rega rega. Ive ne nguva yekudya yakajairwa. Bvumira nguva yekutamba kana mwana wako achinzwa. Kana mwana wako achifanira kupedza nguva muchipatara, taura zvinhu zvinobva kumba zvinomubatsira kunzwa akasununguka. Bvunza chikwata chehutano hwako nezvimwe nzira dzekunyaradza mwana wako mukati mekurapa kwake. Mamwe mazvipatara ane vanachiremba vekuvaraidza kana vashandi vehupenyu hwemwana vanogona kukupa nzira dzakakosha dze kubatsira mwana wako kuita.