Optic Neuritis

Optic neuritis inoitika apo kuzvimba (kuzvimba) kunokuvadza tsinga ye optic — boka rematsinga anotumira ruzivo rwekuona kubva pamaziso ako kuenda kuuropi hwako. Zviratidzo zvakajairika zve optic neuritis zvinosanganisira kurwadziwa nekufamba kwemaziso uye kurasikirwa kwekutarisa kwenguva pfupi mumaziso rimwe chete.

Optic neuritis inowanzo kukanganisa ziso rimwe chete. Zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kurwadziwa. Vanhu vakawanda vanowana optic neuritis vane kurwadziwa kweziso kunowedzera nekufamba kweziso. Dzimwe nguva kurwadziwa kunonzwa sekurwadziwa kwakasimba kumashure kweziso.
• Kurasikirwa nekuona kune rimwe ziso. Vanhu vakawanda vane kuderedzwa kwekuona kwenguva pfupi, asi huwandu hwekurasikirwa hunosiyana. Kurasikirwa nekuona kunowanzoonekwa kunotanga mumaawa kana mazuva uye kunovandudzika kwemavhiki mashoma kusvika kumwedzi. Kurasikirwa nekuona kunogara kwenguva refu kune vamwe vanhu.
• Kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo yekuona. Kurasikirwa nekuona kwepasi kunogona kuitika mune chero muenzaniso, sekurasikirwa nekuona pakati kana kurasikirwa nekuona kumativi.
• Kurasikirwa nekuona mavara. Optic neuritis inowanzokanganisa kunzwisisa mavara. Unogona kuona kuti mavara haaoneki zvakajeka sezvakajairwa.
• Mwenje inopenya. Vamwe vanhu vane optic neuritis vanoti vanoona mwenje inopenya kana kupenya nekufamba kweziso.

Zvirwere zvemaziso zvinogona kuva zvakakomba. Zvimwe zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kusingaperi kwekuona, uye zvimwe zvine hukama nezvimwe zvirwere zvakakomba zvemuviri. Taura nachiremba wako kana:

• Wakawana zviratidzo zvitsva, sekurwadziwa kwemaziso kana kuchinja mukuona kwako.
• Zviratidzo zvako zvakanyanya kuipa kana zvisina kuvandudzwa nekurapa.
• Une zviratidzo zvisingawanzoitika, kusanganisira kurasikirwa kwekuona mumaziso ese maviri, kuona kaviri, uye kushaya kunzwa kana kushaya simba mumutsipa mumwe kana kupfuura, izvo zvinogona kuratidza chirwere chepfungwa.

Chikonzero chaicho che optic neuritis hachizivikanwi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chinoitika kana immune system ikarwisa zvinhu zvinopfuvura optic nerve yenyu, zvichikonzera kuzvimba nekukuvadzwa kwemyelin.

Kazhinji, myelin inobatsira magetsi ekukurumidza kubva kumaziso kuenda kuuropi, uko anochinjwa kuita ruzivo rwekuona. Optic neuritis inokanganisa maitiro aya, ichikanganisa kuona.

Zvirwere zvinotevera zve autoimmune kazhinji zvine chekuita ne optic neuritis:

• Multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis chirwere umo immune system yenyu inorwisa myelin sheath inopfuvura nerve fibers muuropi hwenyu. Muvanhu vane optic neuritis, mukana wekuwana multiple sclerosis mushure mekuputika kwemwechete kwe optic neuritis unosvika 50% muhupenyu hwese.

  Mukurwara kwako kwe multiple sclerosis mushure me optic neuritis kuwedzera kana Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan ikaratidza lesions muuropi hwako.

• Neuromyelitis optica. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kuzvimba kunokanganisa optic nerve ne spinal cord. Neuromyelitis optica ine kufanana ne multiple sclerosis, asi neuromyelitis optica haikonzere kukuvara kwenerves muuropi kazhinji se multiple sclerosis. Zvisinei, neuromyelitis optica yakakomba kupfuura MS, kazhinji ichikonzeresa kudzoka kwakaderera mushure mekuputika kana ichienzaniswa ne MS.

• Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disorder. Iyi mamiriro ezvinhu inogona kukonzera kuzvimba ku optic nerve, spinal cord kana uropi. Kufanana ne MS ne neuromyelitis optica, kuputika kwakawanda kwekuzvimba kunogona kuitika. Kudzoka kubva pakurwisa kwe myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) kazhinji kuri nani kupfuura kudzoka kubva ku neuromyelitis optica.

Kana zviratidzo zve optic neuritis zvakaoma zvikuru, zvikonzero zvimwe zvine chekuita zvinofanirwa kufungwa, kusanganisira:

• Infections. Zvirwere zvemabhakitiriya, kusanganisira Lyme disease, cat-scratch fever uye syphilis, kana mavhairasi, akadai se measles, mumps uye herpes, zvinogona kukonzera optic neuritis.
• Zvirwere zvimwe. Zvirwere zvakadai se sarcoidosis, Behcet's disease uye lupus zvinogona kukonzera optic neuritis inodzokororwa.
• Mishonga nezvinhu zvine chepfu. Mishonga ne zvinhu zvine chepfu zvakabatana nekuvandudzwa kwe optic neuritis. Ethambutol, inoshandiswa kurapa tuberculosis, uye methanol, chinhu chakajairika mu antifreeze, pende uye solvents, zvine chekuita ne optic neuritis.

Zvinokonzera ngozi yekuwana optic neuritis zvinosanganisira:

• Age. Optic neuritis kazhinji inotapura vanhu vakuru vane makore 20 kusvika ku40.
• Sex. Vakadzi vane mukana wakakura wekuwana optic neuritis kupfuura varume.
• Race. Optic neuritis inoitika kazhinji kuvanhu vachena.
• Genetic mutations. Zvimwe zvinoshanduka zvemajini zvinogona kuwedzera mukana wako wekuwana optic neuritis kana multiple sclerosis.

Zvinetso zvinogona kubva ku optic neuritis zvinosanganisira:

• Kukuvadzwa kwe optic nerve. Vanhu vakawanda vane kukuvara kwenguva refu kwe optic nerve mushure me optic neuritis, asi kukuvara uku kungasakonzera zviratidzo zvenguva refu.
• Kuora kwekuona. Vanhu vakawanda vanodzoka kuona kwakajairwa kana pedyo nekuona kwakajairwa mukati memavhiki mashoma, asi kurasikirwa kwechikamu chekuona mavara kungaramba kuripo. Kune vamwe vanhu, kurasikirwa kwekuona kunoramba kuripo.
• Migumisiro yekurapa. Mishonga yeSteroid inoshandiswa kurapa optic neuritis inodzora sisitimu yako yekudzivirira, izvo zvinoita kuti muviri wako uve nyore kukuvadzwa nehutachiona. Mimwe migumisiro inosanganisira kuchinja kwemanzwiro uye kuwedzera uremu.

Unogona kuona ophthalmologist kuti aongorore, kazhinji zvichibva pane nhoroondo yako yezvokurapa nekuongororwa. Ophthalmologist angaita bvunzo dzemaziso anotevera:

Bvunzo dzimwe dzekuongorora optic neuritis dzinosanganisira:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI scan inoshandisa magnetic field nemapulses e radio wave energy kuita mifananidzo yemuviri wako. Panguva ye MRI yekutarisa optic neuritis, unogona kuiswa mushonga wekuwedzera kuti uite kuti optic nerve nezvimwe zvikamu zveuropi zviratidzike zviri nani pamifananidzo.

MRI inokosha pakutsanangura kana paine nzvimbo dzakakuvadzwa (lesions) muuropi rwako. Lesions dzakadaro dzinoratidza njodzi yakakura yekuwana multiple sclerosis. MRI inogonawo kubvisa zvimwe zvinokonzera kurasikirwa kwekuona, sekunge tumor.

Chiremba wako angakukumbira kuti udzokere kuongororwa kwekuenderera mberi mavhiki maviri kusvika mana mushure mekunge zviratidzo zvako zvatanga kuti uone kuti optic neuritis iripo.

• Kuongororwa kwemaziso kwemazuva ose. Chiremba wemaziso ako achaongorora kuona kwako uye kugona kwako kuona mavara uye kuyeresa kuona kwako kwepiri (peripheral).

• Ophthalmoscopy. Pakuongororwa uku, chiremba wako anopenya chiedza chakajeka mumaziso ako uye anoongorora zvikamu zviri kumashure kwemaziso ako. Bvunzo iyi yemaziso inotarisa optic disk, uko optic nerve inopinda retina mumaziso ako. Optic disk inoputika muvanhu vanenge wechitatu vane optic neuritis.

• Pupillary light reaction test. Chiremba wako angafambisa flashlight pamberi pemaziso ako kuti aone kuti vadzidzi vako vanopindura sei kana vakatarisana nechiedza chakajeka. Kana uine optic neuritis, vadzidzi vako havazoti kanganisa zvakanyanya sevadzidzi mumaziso ane hutano kana vakatarisana nechiedza.

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI scan inoshandisa magnetic field nemapulses e radio wave energy kuita mifananidzo yemuviri wako. Panguva ye MRI yekutarisa optic neuritis, unogona kuiswa mushonga wekuwedzera kuti uite kuti optic nerve nezvimwe zvikamu zveuropi zviratidzike zviri nani pamifananidzo.

  MRI inokosha pakutsanangura kana paine nzvimbo dzakakuvadzwa (lesions) muuropi rwako. Lesions dzakadaro dzinoratidza njodzi yakakura yekuwana multiple sclerosis. MRI inogonawo kubvisa zvimwe zvinokonzera kurasikirwa kwekuona, sekunge tumor.

• Blood tests. Kune bvunzo yeropa inowanikwa yekutarisa hutachiona kana antibodies chaiyo. Neuromyelitis optica inobatanidzwa ne antibody inokonzera optic neuritis yakakomba. Vanhu vane optic neuritis yakakomba vanogona kuita bvunzo iyi kuti vaone kana vangangowana neuromyelitis optica. Kune zviitiko zvisingawanzoitika zve optic neuritis, ropa rinogonawo kuongororwa kuti rione MOG antibodies.

• Optical coherence tomography (OCT). Bvunzo iyi inoyeresa ukobvu hwe retinal nerve fiber layer yemaziso, iyo kazhinji inoshaya ukobvu kubva ku optic neuritis.

• Visual field test. Bvunzo iyi inoyeresa kuona kwepiri kwemaziso ese kuti ione kana paine kurasikirwa kwekuona. Optic neuritis inogona kukonzera chero rudzi rwekuona kwakarasika.

• Visual evoked response. Pakuongororwa uku, unogara pamberi pechidzitiro umo muenzaniso we checkerboard unoratidzwa. Wakabatana nemutsipa wako ndiwo waya ine mapachi madiki ekurekodha mhinduro dzeuropi rwako kune zvaunoona pachidzitiro. Rudzi urwu rwekuongorora runoudza chiremba wako kana magetsi emagetsi kuuropi rwako ari kupfuura zvakajairwa nekuda kwekuvadza kwe optic nerve.

Optic neuritis kazhinji inozvimba pachayo. Muzviitiko zvimwe, mishonga ye steroid inoshandiswa kuderedza kuzvimba kwetsoka ye optic. Migumisiro inobvira kubva pakurapwa kwe steroid inosanganisira kuwedzera uremu, kuchinja kwemanzwiro, kutsvuka kumeso, kurwadziwa mudumbu uye kushaya hope.

Kurapwa kwe steroid kazhinji kunopiwa ne tsinga (intravenously). Kurapwa kwe steroid intravenously kunokurumidza kuporesa kwekutarisa, asi hazvina kuoneka kuti kunokanganisa huwandu hwekutarisa kwaunozowana nekuda kwe optic neuritis yakajairika.

Kana kurapwa kwe steroid kukundikana uye kurasikirwa kwekutarisa kwakanyanya kuchiramba, kurapwa kunonzi plasma exchange therapy kungabatsira vamwe vanhu kudzoreredza kutarisa kwavo. Zvidzidzo zvisati zvasimbisa kuti plasma exchange therapy inoshanda kune optic neuritis.

Kana uine optic neuritis, uye une zvirwere zviviri zvehuropi kana kupfuura zvinoonekwa pane MRI scans, ungabatsirwa nemishonga ye multiple sclerosis, senge interferon beta-1a kana interferon beta-1b, inogona kukanganisa kana kubatsira kudzivirira multiple sclerosis (MS). Mishonga iyi inopfurwa inoshandiswa kune vanhu vane njodzi yakakura yekuwana MS. Migumisiro inobvira inosanganisira kuora mwoyo, kukwakuka panzvimbo yekupfurwa uye zviratidzo zvakafanana nechirwere chemafuru.

Vanhu vazhinji vanodzorerwa kutarisa kwakafanana nekwakajairika mukati memwedzi mitanhatu mushure me optic neuritis episode.

Vanhu vane optic neuritis inodzoka vane njodzi yakakura yekuwana MS, neuromyelitis optica kana myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated disorder. Optic neuritis inogona kudzokazve kune vanhu vasina zvirwere zviripo, uye vanhu ivavo kazhinji vane ramangwana rakanaka kwazvo rekutarisa kwavo kupfuura vanhu vane MS kana neuromyelitis optica.