Patent Ductus Arteriosus (Pda)

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) chirwere chinopfuurira kuvhurwa pakati pematanda maviri makuru eropa anobva pamoyo. Iwo matanda ndiwo aorta ne pulmonary artery. Chirwere ichi chinovapo kubva pakuzvarwa.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) chirwere chinoramba chakavhurwa pakati pematanda maviri makuru eropa anobva pamoyo. Dambudziko remoyo rinoonekwa kubva pakuzvarwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ndicho chirwere chemoyo chinovapo kubva pakuzvarwa.

Kuvhurwa kunonzi ductus arteriosus chikamu chehurongwa hweropa remwana ari mudumbu. Kazhinji kunozaruka pashure pekunge azvarwa. Kana chikaramba chakavhurwa, chinonzi patent ductus arteriosus.

Patent ductus arteriosus duku kazhinji haina matambudziko uye ingangoda kurapwa. Zvisinei, patent ductus arteriosus huru isina kurapwa inogona kuita kuti ropa risina oksijeni riende nzira isiriyo. Izvi zvinogona kusimbisa tsandanyama yemoyo, zvichikonzera kutadza kwemoyo nezvimwe zvinetso.

Sarudzo dzekurapa patent ductus arteriosus dzinosanganisira kuongororwa kwehutano nguva dzose, mishonga, uye nzira kana kuvhiya kuvhara kuvhurwa.

Zviratidzo zve patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) zvinoenderana nehukuru hwekuvhurwa nemakore emumwe munhu. PDA diki inogona kusakonzera zviratidzo. Vamwe vanhu havaoni zviratidzo kusvika vakura. PDA hombe inogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvekutadza kwemoyo nekukurumidza mushure mekuberekwa.

PDA hombe inowanikwa panguva yeucheche kana udiki inogona kukonzera:

• Kudya kushoma, kunotungamira kukukura kushoma.
• Kupererwa neperspiration panguva yekuchema kana kudya.
• Kufema kukurumidza kana kushaya mweya nguva dzose.
• Kuneta nyore.
• Kuwanda kwemoyo.

Taura nachiremba kana mwana wako mudiki kana mukuru:

• Aneta nyore nyore pakudia kana kutamba.
• Haakuri.
• Anobva afa nekufema pakudia kana kurira.
• Anofemera nokukurumidza nguva dzose kana kushaya mweya.

Zvikonzero chaizvo zvekushaya kwezvipembenene zvemoyo hazvina kujeka. Mukati mevhiki matanhatu ekutanga nepamuviri, moyo wemwana anotanga kuumbwa uye kurova. Midziyo mikuru yeropa inoenda kuenda kumoto inokura. Panguva ino ndapo panogona kutanga kukura zvimwe zvikanganiso zvemoyo.

Tisati taberekwa, kuvhurwa kwenguva pfupi kunonzi ductus arteriosus kuri pakati pemidziyo miviri huru yeropa inobva pamoyo wemwana. Midziyo iyoyo ndiyo aorta ne pulmonary artery. Kuvhurwa kunodiwa kuti ropa remwana riyerere usati aberekwa. Inofambisa ropa kubva kumapapu emwana pavanenge vachikura. Mwana anowana oksijeni kubva muropa raamai.

Mushure mekuberekwa, ductus arteriosus haichadiwi. Kazhinji inovharwa mukati kwemazuva maviri kusvika matatu. Asi muvana vacheche vamwe, kuvhurwa hakugone kuvharwa. Kana ikagara yakavhurwa, inonzi patent ductus arteriosus.

Zvinokonzera ngozi dze patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) zvinosanganisira:

• Kuzvarwa usati wasvika nguva. Patent ductus arteriosus inowanzoitika muvana vanozvarwa vasati vasvika nguva pane vana vanozvarwa vachinge vasvika nguva.
• Nhoroondo yemhuri nedzimwe mamiriro ezvemagariro. Nhoroondo yemhuri yematambudziko emwoyo anowanikwa pakuvapo inogona kuwedzera njodzi yePDA. Vana vanozvarwa vane chromosome ye21 yakawedzerwa, mamiriro anozivikanwa seDown syndrome, zvakare vane mukana mukuru wekuva nemamiriro aya.
• Kusangana neGerman measles panguva yekuzvitakura. Kuva neGerman measles, inozivikanwawo se rubella, panguva yekuzvitakura kunogona kukonzera matambudziko mukukura kwemwoyo wemwana. Kuongororwa kweropa kunoitirwa usati wava nepamuviri kunogona kuona kana uri immune ku rubella. Jekiseni iripo kune avo vasiri immune.
• Kuzvarwa uri pakakwirira. Vana vanozvarwa pamusoro pemamita 2,499 vane njodzi yakakura yePDA pane vana vanozvarwa pazasi.
• Kuve musikana. Patent ductus arteriosus inowanzowanikwa kaviri pane vasikana.

Patent ductus arteriosus duku inogona kusakonzera matambudziko. Kukanganisa kukuru, kusina kurapwa kunogona kukonzera:

• Kukundikana kwemoyo. Zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi chakakomba zvinosanganisira kufema nekukurumidza, kazhinji nekufema kwakasimba, uye kukura kwemuviri kusina kunaka.
• Hutachiona hwemoyo, hunonzi endocarditis. Patent ductus arteriosus inogona kuwedzera njodzi yekutapukirwa kwemamiriro emwoyo. Utachiona uhwu hunonzi endocarditis. Hunogona kutyisidzira hupenyu.

Zvinogoneka kuva nepamuviri unobatsira ne patent ductus arteriosus duku. Zvisinei, kuva nePDA hombe kana matambudziko akadai sekukundikana kwemoyo, kurova kwemoyo kusina kururama kana kukuvara kwemapapu kunowedzera njodzi yematambudziko akakomba panguva yepamuviri.

Usati wava nepamuviri, taura nachiremba wako nezvenjodzi dzepamberi uye matambudziko. Mimwe mishonga yemoyo inogona kukonzera matambudziko akakomba kumwana ari kukura. Chiremba wako anogona kurega kana kuchinja mishonga yako usati wava nepamuviri.

Pamuviri munogona kukurukura uye kuronga chero hanya chaiyo inodiwa panguva yepamuviri. Kana uri panjodzi yakakwira yekuve nembabwa ine dambudziko remwoyo riripo pakuberekwa, bvunzo dzemajini uye kuongororwa kunogona kuitwa panguva yepamuviri.

Hapana nzira inozivikanwa yekudzivirira patent ductus arteriosus. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuita zvese zvinogoneka kuti uve nepamuviri une hutano. Heano mamwe emagadzirirwo akakosha:

• Tsvaga kutarisirwa kwepamberi nepamuviri, kunyangwe usati wava nepamuviri. Kurega kusvuta, kuderedza kushushikana, kumisa mushonga wekudzivirira mimba — aya ndiwo mamwe ezvinhu zvekukurukura nachiremba wako usati wava nepamuviri. Udza chiremba wako nezvemishonga yose yaunotora, kusanganisira iyo inotengeswa pasina chinyorwa.
• Idya zvokudya zvine hutano. Sanganisira zvokudya zvine vitamini zvine folic acid. Kutora 400 micrograms ye folic acid zuva nezuva usati wava nepamuviri uye panguva yepamuviri kwakaratidzwa kuderedza matambudziko emuviri nemuromo wemwana. Zvinogona zvakare kubatsira kuderedza njodzi yematambudziko emwoyo.
• Ita zvemitambo nguva dzose. Shanda nemutariri wako wehutano kuti ugamuchire chirongwa chekurovedza muviri chakakodzera kwauri.
• Usanwe kana kusvuta. Aya mararamiro anogona kukuvadza hutano hwemwana. Dzivisawo utsi hwekusvuta.
• Tora mishonga inokurudzirwa. Dzokorora mishonga yako usati wava nepamuviri. Marudzi akati wandei ehutachiona anogona kukuvadza mwana ari kukura.
• Dzora shuga yeropa. Kana uine chirwere cheshuga, kudzora zvakanaka shuga yeropa kunogona kuderedza njodzi yematambudziko emwoyo usati wazvarwa.

Chiremba anoita bvunzo yemuviri uye anobvunza mibvunzo nezve nhoroondo yako yezvokurapa. Mupi wekutarisirwa anganzwa inzwi remoyo rinonzi murmur panguva yekuteerera moyo ne stethoscope.

bvunzo dzinogona kuitwa kuti dzizive patent ductus arteriosus dzinosanganisira:

• X-ray yepafupa rechipfuva. Bvunzo iyi inoratidza mamiriro emoyo nemapapu.
• Electrocardiogram. Bvunzo iyi inokurumidza uye iri nyore inotora zviratidzo zvemagetsi zvinoita kurova kwemoyo. Inoratidza kuti moyo uri kurova nekukurumidza kana zvishoma.
• Cardiac catheterization. Bvunzo iyi kazhinji haidiwi kuti iongorore PDA. Asi inogona kuitwa kana PDA ikaitika nemamwe matambudziko emoyo. Chubhu refu, yakasimba uye yakapfava (catheter) inoiswa mudziya ropa, kazhinji muhudyu kana ruoko, uye inotungamirwa kumoto. Panguva yebvunzo iyi, mupi wekutarisirwa angakwanisa kuita kurapwa kuti avhare patent ductus arteriosus.

Kurapa patent ductus arteriosus kunoenderana nemakore emurwere. Vamwe vanhu vane PDAs diki dzisingakonzere matambudziko vanongoda kuongororwa utano nguva dzose kuti vatarisire matambudziko. Kana mwana asati azvarwa aine PDA, mutariri wehutano anoita kuongororwa nguva dzose kuona kuti inovhara.Mishonga inonzi nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inogona kupiwa vana vasati vazvarwa kuti vaparadze PDA. Mishonga iyi inodzivirira mamwe makemikari emuviri anoramba PDA yakavhurika. Zvisinei, mishonga iyi haizovhari PDA muvana vakazara, vana kana vakuru.Mukare, vatariri vehutano vakaudza vanhu vakaberekwa ne PDA kuti vatore mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya usati waita basa rezino nemamwe mabasa ekurapa kudzivirira mamwe hutachiona hwemoyo. Izvi hazvichakurudzirwi kune vanhu vakawanda vane patent ductus arteriosus. Bvunza mutariri wehutano wako kana mishonga inodzivirira inodiwa. Inogona kukurudzirwa mushure memamwe maitiro emoyo.Kurapa kwakakwirira kuvhara patent ductus arteriosus kunosanganisira:- Kushandisa chubhu diki inonzi catheter uye plug kana coil kuvhara kuvhurika. Kurapa uku kunonzi catheter procedure. Inobvumira kugadziriswa kuitwa pasina kuvhiya kwemoyo.- Kuita kuvhiya kwemoyo kuvhara PDA. Kurapa uku kunonzi surgical closure. Kuvhiya kwemoyo kunogona kudiwa kana mushonga usingashande kana PDA iri hombe kana ichikonzera matambudziko.Chiremba anoita kucheka duku pakati pemashizha kuti asvike pamoyo wemwana. Kuvhurika kunovharwa uchishandisa stitches kana clips. Zvinotora mavhiki mashoma kuti mwana adzorere zvizere kubva kuvhiya uku.Kushandisa chubhu diki inonzi catheter uye plug kana coil kuvhara kuvhurika. Kurapa uku kunonzi catheter procedure. Inobvumira kugadziriswa kuitwa pasina kuvhiya kwemoyo.Panguva yekurapa kwe catheter, mutariri wehutano anopinda chubhu diki mutsinga yeropa iri mu groin uye anoitungamira kumoyo. Plug kana coil inopfuura ne catheter. Plug kana coil inovhara ductus arteriosus. Kurapa hakuwanzodi kuzorora husiku muchipatara.Vana vasati vazvarwa vaduku kwazvo pakurapa kwe catheter. Kana PDA isingakonzere matambudziko, kurapa kwe catheter kuvhara kuvhurika kunogona kuitwa kana mwana akura.Kuita kuvhiya kwemoyo kuvhara PDA. Kurapa uku kunonzi surgical closure. Kuvhiya kwemoyo kunogona kudiwa kana mushonga usingashande kana PDA iri hombe kana ichikonzera matambudziko.Chiremba anoita kucheka duku pakati pemashizha kuti asvike pamoyo wemwana. Kuvhurika kunovharwa uchishandisa stitches kana clips. Zvinotora mavhiki mashoma kuti mwana adzorere zvizere kubva kuvhiya uku.Vamwe vanhu vakaberekwa ne PDA vanoda kuongororwa utano nguva dzose kweupenyu hwese, kunyangwe mushure mekurapa kuvhara kuvhurika. Panguva yekuongororwa uku, mutariri wehutano anogona kuita bvunzo kuti aone matambudziko. Taura nemupi wehutano wako nezvechirongwa chako chekurapa. Zvakanaka, zvakanaka kutsvaga kurapwa kubva kumupi akadzidziswa kurapa vakuru vane matambudziko emoyo vasati vazvarwa. Mupi werudzi urwu anonzi congenital cardiologist.

Munhu wese akaberekwa ane patent ductus arteriosus anofanira kutora matanho ekurinda moyo uine hutano uye kudzivirira matambudziko. Aya mazano anogona kubatsira:

• Usafume. Fodya ndicho chinhu chikuru chinokonzera chirwere chemoyo nemamwe matambudziko emoyo. Kurega ndicho chinhu chakanakisisa chekuderedza njodzi. Kana uchida rubatsiro rwekurega, taura nachiremba wako.
• Idya zvokudya zvine hutano. Idya michero yakawanda, miriwo nemagorosi ese. Dzora shuga, munyu mafuta akawanda.
• Ita kuchena kwakanaka. Geza maoko ako nguva dzose, ushambidze uye ushandise floss mazino ako kuti urambe uine hutano.
• Bvunza nezvemiganho yemitambo. Vamwe vanhu vakaberekwa vane dambudziko remoyo vanogona kuda kudzora kurovedza muviri kana mabasa emitambo. Bvunza chiremba wako kuti mitambo ipi uye marudzi ekurovedza muviri ari akachengeteka kwauri kana mwana wako.