Retinoblastoma

Ziso rako ndiro rudzi rwakaoma uye rwakasimba rine masendimita maviri nehafu (2.5) pakureba. Rinogamuchira mamiriyoni mashoko nezve nyika yepasi, ayo anokurumidza kugadziriswa nehuropi hwako.

Retinoblastoma rudzi rwekenza yeziso rinoita sekukura kwema cell muretina. Retina ndiro ganda rinonzwa chiedza riri mukati meziso.

Retina yakagadzirwa ne tishu dzenerve dzinoona chiedza sezvinopinda kubva pamberi peziso. Chiedza chinoita kuti retina itumire masaini kuhuropi. Uropi hunodudzira masaini iwayo se mifananidzo.

Retinoblastoma kazhinji inoitika kuvana vaduku. Kazhinji inoonekwa usati wasvika makore maviri. Kazhinji inokanganisa ziso rimwe chete. Dzimwe nguva inoitika muziso zvose.

Kune kurapwa kwakawanda kwe retinoblastoma. Kuvana vazhinji, kurapwa hakufanirwi kubvisa ziso kuti ubvise kenza. Tarisiro yevana vanorwara ne retinoblastoma yakanaka kwazvo.

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zveRetinoblastoma zvinosanganisira:

• Ruvara rwechena pakati peye rinopenya kana chiedza chakanangidzirwa mumeso. Zvingaratidzawo mumifananidzo ine flash.
• Kutsvukira kweziso.
• Kuchema kweziso.
• Maziso anotarisa kumatendekere akasiyana.
• Kurasikirwa nekuona.

Enda kunotarisa nachiremba kana mumwe munyanzvi wehutano kana ukaona chero shanduko mumaziso emwana wako inokunetsa.

Retinoblastoma inokonzerwa nekuchinja mukati memasero ari mumaziso. Hazvisi pachena nguva dzose kuti chii chinokonzera kuchinja kunotungamira kururerwa urwu rwemaziso.

Retinoblastoma inotanga kana masero ari mumaziso akawana kuchinja muDNA yavo. DNA yese inobata mirairo inoudza sero kuti riite sei. Mumasero ane hutano, DNA inopa mirairo yekukura nekukura nekukurumidza kwakatarwa. Mirairo inoudzawo masero kuti afe panguva yakatarwa. Mumasero ecanser, kuchinja kweDNA kunopa mirairo yakasiyana. Kuchinja kunoudza masero ecanser kuti aite masero akawanda nekukurumidza. Masero ecanser anogona kuramba achirarama kana masero ane hutano afa. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nemasero akawanda zvakanyanya.

Muretinoblastoma, kukura uku kwemasero kunoitika muretina. Retina ndiro ganda rinonzwa chiedza riri mukati memaziso. Retina yakagadzirwa nenyama yetsinga inonzwa chiedza sezvo ichipinda kubva pamberi pemaziso. Chiedza chinoita kuti retina itumire zviratidzo kuuropi. Uropi hunodudzira zviratidzo se mifananidzo.

Sezvo masero ecanser achivakwa muretina, anogona kuumba gomba, rinonzi tumor. Tumor inogona kukura kuti ipinde uye inoparadza tishu remuviri rine hutano. Panguva yakati, masero ecanser anogona kuputsika uye kupararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri. Kana kenza ikapararira, inonzi metastatic cancer. Retinoblastoma haina kupararira kazhinji, kunyanya kana yakawanikwa nekukurumidza.

Panyaya dzakawanda dze retinoblastoma, hazvisi pachena kuti chii chinokonzera kuchinja kweDNA kunotungamira kukenza. Zvisinei, zvinogoneka kuti vana vanogona kugara vachichinja DNA kubva kuvabereki vavo. Kuchinja uku kunogona kuwedzera njodzi ye retinoblastoma.

Zvinokonzera retinoblastoma zvinosanganisira:

• Kuve mudiki kwazvo. Retinoblastoma inowanzoitika kuvana vaduku kwazvo. Inowanzoonekwa nemakore maviri ekuberekwa. Retinoblastoma inoitika gare gare muhupenyu haina kujairika.
• Kushanduka kweDNA kunofamba mumhuri. Kushanduka kweDNA kunowedzera njodzi ye retinoblastoma kunogona kupfuudzwa kubva kuvabereki kuenda kuvana. Vana vane aya mashanduko eDNA anogara nhaka vanowanzova ne retinoblastoma panguva yavakari kudiki. Vanowanzovawo ne retinoblastoma mumaziso maviri.

Vana vane retinoblastoma vanogona kuwana matambudziko. Mushure mekurapa, kune njodzi yekuti kenza ingadzokera zvakare mumaziso kana pedyo nayo. Nechikonzero ichi, timu yekutarisira utano yemwana wako ichaita purogiramu yekuongororwa kwenguva dzose. Purogiramu yekuongororwa kwenguva dzose yemwana wako ichaenderana nekurapa kwakaitwa mwana wako. Purogiramu yakajairwa ingasanganisira bvunzo dzemaziso mwedzi mishoma yemakore ekutanga mushure mekurapa.

Vana vane retinoblastoma inogona kuenderera kumhuri vanogona kunge vane njodzi yakakwira yekuwana mamwe marudzi ekenza.

Njodzi yemakemba aya yakawedzera:

• Kenza yemapfupa.
• Kenza yeura.
• Kenza yemazamu.
• Hodgkin lymphoma.
• Kenza yepfupa.
• Melanoma.
• Pineoblastoma.
• Soft tissue sarcoma.

Timu yekutarisira utano yemwana wako inogona kukurudzira bvunzo dzekuongorora mamwe marudzi aya ekenza.

Hapana nzira yekudzivirira retinoblastoma. Mamwe retinoblastomas anokonzerwa nekushanduka kweDNA kunofamba mumhuri. Kana retinoblastoma iri mumhuri yako, taura nachiremba wako. Pamwe chete mungafunga nezvekutarisa majeni kuti muone kusiyana muDNA yako kunowedzera njodzi ye retinoblastoma. Chiremba wako angakutungamira kune anopa mazano nezvemajeni kana mumwe chiremba anodzidziswa nezvemajeni. Munhu uyu anogona kukubatsira kusarudza kana uchida kuita bvunzo yemajeni. Kana vana vako vakawedzera njodzi ye retinoblastoma, kuchengetedza kunogona kurongwa kudzora njodzi iyoyo. Semuenzaniso, bvunzo dzemaziso dzinogona kutanga nekukurumidza mushure mekuberekwa. Nenzira iyoyo, retinoblastoma inogona kuonekwa nekukurumidza. Aya ma bvunzo ekutarisa angawana kenza kana iri duku uye ine mukana mukuru wekurapwa. Kana usati wambava nevana, asi uri kuronga kuva navo, taura nechikwata chako chehutano nezve nhoroondo yemhuri yako ye retinoblastoma. Kuongororwa kwemajeni kunogona kukubatsira iwe nemumwe wako kunzwisisa kana paine njodzi yekupasa kusiyana kweDNA kuvana venyu vemurambe. Chikwata chako chehutano chingave nemamwe maitiro ekukubatsira kudzora njodzi iyi.

Kuongororwa kwe retinoblastoma kazhinji kunotanga nekuongororwa kweziso. Kuongororwa kwemifananidzo kunogona kubatsira kuratidza ukuru hweri.

Munhu anehutano anoongorora maziso emwana wako zvakanyatsonaka panguva yekuongororwa kweziso. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuyedza kuona kwemwana wako uye kushandisa chiedza chakakosha kutarisa mukati meziso. Dzimwe nguva vana vaduku zvikuru vanoona zvakaoma kugara vasingafambi pakuongororwa kwakakwana kweziso. Timu yako yekuchengetedza utano inogona kukurudzira mushonga wekuisa mwana munzvimbo yekurara kuti bvunzo igone kupera. Mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kweziso inopa timu yako yekuchengetedza utano mazano nezve zviri kukonzera zviratidzo zvemwana wako.

Kuongororwa kwemifananidzo kunotora mifananidzo yemukati memuviri. Kune retinoblastoma, kuongororwa kwemifananidzo kunoshandiswa kutarisa ziso nenzvimbo iri pedyo naro. Mifananidzo inogona kuratidza ukuru hweri uye kana yakakura kupfuura ziso. Kuongororwa kwemifananidzo kunogona kusanganisira ultrasound uye MRI, pakati pevamwe.

Kuongororwa kwemajini kunoshandisa sampuli yeropa kana mate kutsvaga shanduko muDNA. Kuongororwa kwemajini kwe retinoblastoma kunotsvaga shanduko muchikamu cheDNA chinonzi RB1 gene.

Munhu wese ane retinoblastoma ane shanduko muRB1 gene mumasero avo erima. Asi vamwe vana vane retinoblastoma vane shanduko dzeRB1 gene mumasero ese emuviri wavo. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana vabereki vakapasa shanduko dzeDNA kumwana wavo. Shanduko dzinogonawo kuitika kana chimwe chinhu chichichinja RB1 gene sezvo mwana achikura mudumbu.

Kana kuongororwa kwemajini kukaratidza kuti mwana wako ane shanduko muRB1 gene mumasero ese emuviri, izvi zvinobatsira timu yekuchengetedza utano kuronga kurapwa kwemwana wako. Kuve neshungu muRB1 gene mumasero ese kunowedzerawo njodzi yemhando dzakasiyana dzekenza. Kuongororwa kunogona kubatsira kutarisa dzimwe mhando dzekenza idzodzo.

Kurapa kwakajairika kwe retinoblastoma kunosanganisira chemotherapy, kurapa nechando uye kurapa ne laser. Kurapa ne radiation kunogona kunge kuri imwe sarudzo. Kuvhiya kubvisa ziso kunogona kurapa retinoblastoma, asi kunoshandiswa chete mumamiriro ezvinhu akati wandei.

Kurapa kupi kuri nani kune retinoblastoma yemwana wako kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakati wandei. Izvi zvinhu zvinosanganisira saizi nekwakagara kenza, uye kana kenza yakapararira kupfuura ziso. Timu yako yekuchengetedza utano inofungawo nezveutano hwemwana wako uye zvaunoda iwe pachako.

Chemotherapy inorapira kenza mishonga ine simba. Kazhinji ndiyo kurapa kwekutanga kwe retinoblastoma. Kurapa kwakasiyana kunogona kudikanwa mushure me chemotherapy kuuraya chero masero ekenza achiripo.

Marudzi e chemotherapy anoshandiswa kurapa retinoblastoma anosanganisira:

• Chemotherapy inofamba mumuviri wose. Mishonga ye chemotherapy inogona kupiwa kuburikidza ne tsinga kana mune fomu yepiritsi. Mishonga iyi inofamba mumuviri wose kuuraya masero ekenza. Kupa mishonga nenzira iyi kunonzi systemic chemotherapy. Kurapa kazhinji kunopiwa kamwe chete pamwedzi kwemavhiki akawanda.
• Chemotherapy inoiswa mu artery iri pedyo nekenza. Mishonga ye chemotherapy inogona kuiswa mu artery iri pedyo neziso. Kuti mushonga uende kunzvimbo yakakodzera, chubhu duku inoiswa kuburikidza neganda uye mu artery iri mu groin. Chubhu inofambiswa mumuviri kusvika yasvika pedyo neziso. Wobva wapisa mushonga kuburikidza nechubhu. Kupa mushonga nenzira iyi kunonzi intra-arterial chemotherapy. Inobvumira timu yekuchengetedza utano kupa mushonga zvakananga kuziso. Kurapa kazhinji kunoitirwa kamwe chete pamwedzi kwemavhiki mashoma.
• Chemotherapy inoiswa muziso. Dzimwe nguva mishonga ye chemotherapy inoiswa muziso ne tsono. Nzira iyi yekupa mishonga inonzi intravitreal chemotherapy. Kazhinji inoshandiswa mushure memamwe marudzi e chemotherapy. Inogona kushandiswa kana kenza yakasara mushure memamwe kurapa kana kenza ikadzoka.

Kurapa nechando, kunonziwo cryotherapy, kunoshandisa chando chakasimba kukuvadza masero ekenza. Kazhinji inoshandiswa mushure me chemotherapy kuuraya chero masero ekenza achiripo. Kune retinoblastomas diki diki, cryotherapy inogona kunge ndiyo kurapa chete kunodikanwa.

Panguva yekurapa nechando, chishandiso chine chando chakasimba chinoiswa paziso. Izvi zvinoita kuti masero ari pedyo afunge. Kana masero afunga, chishandiso chinobviswa. Izvi zvinoita kuti masero ashanduke. Maitiro ekufunga nekushanduka anodzokororwa kanenge katatu mune imwe nguva yekurapa nechando.

Kurapa ne laser kunoshandisa chiedza che laser kupisa nekukuvadza masero ekenza. Zita rezvekurapa rechirongwa ichi ndere transpupillary thermotherapy. Kazhinji inoshandiswa mushure me chemotherapy kuuraya chero masero ekenza achiripo. Kune retinoblastomas diki diki, kurapa ne laser kunogona kunge ndiyo kurapa chete kunodikanwa. Kurapa kazhinji kunodzokororwa mazuva ese mashoma kusvika pasina zviratidzo zvekenza inoshanda muziso.

Kurapa ne radiation kunorapira kenza nesimba rakasimba. Marudzi ekurapa ne radiation anoshandiswa kurapa retinoblastoma anosanganisira:

• Kuisa chishandiso cherediation paziso. Chishandiso chinoburitsa radiation chinogona kuiswa paziso. Rudzi urwu rweradiation runonzi plaque radiotherapy. Runoshandisa dhisiki diki ine zvinhu zvinoburitsa radiation. Dhisiki inosonwa panzvimbo paziso uye inosiiwa kwemazuva mashoma ichiburitsa radiation zvishoma nezvishoma kuenda kukanza.

Kuisa radiation pedyo nekenza kunoderedza mukana wekuti kurapa kuzokanganisa tishu dzakakombama dzisiri muziso. Rudzi urwu rwekurapa ne radiation kazhinji runoshandiswa kukanza dzisingapindure ku chemotherapy.

• Kushandisa muchina wekutungamira radiation kuziso. Radiation inogona kupiwa ku retinoblastoma uchishandisa muchina unotungamira mabhuru e simba kuenda kukanza. Mabhuru e simba anogona kuitwa ne X-rays, protons kana mamwe marudzi eradiation. Mwana wako ari patafura, muchina unofamba-famba pamwana wako, uchiburitsa radiation. Rudzi urwu rweradiation runonzi external beam radiation. Kurapa kazhinji kunoitika zuva nezuva kwemavhiki akawanda.

External beam radiation inogona kukonzera zvinokanganisa kana mabhuru eradiation asvika kunzvimbo dzakapfava dziri pedyo neziso, senge uropi. Nechikonzero ichi, external beam radiation kazhinji inosara kune vana vane retinoblastoma inopfuura ziso.

Kuisa chishandiso cherediation paziso. Chishandiso chinoburitsa radiation chinogona kuiswa paziso. Rudzi urwu rweradiation runonzi plaque radiotherapy. Runoshandisa dhisiki diki ine zvinhu zvinoburitsa radiation. Dhisiki inosonwa panzvimbo paziso uye inosiiwa kwemazuva mashoma ichiburitsa radiation zvishoma nezvishoma kuenda kukanza.

Kuisa radiation pedyo nekenza kunoderedza mukana wekuti kurapa kuzokanganisa tishu dzakakombama dzisiri muziso. Rudzi urwu rwekurapa ne radiation kazhinji runoshandiswa kukanza dzisingapindure ku chemotherapy.

Kushandisa muchina wekutungamira radiation kuziso. Radiation inogona kupiwa ku retinoblastoma uchishandisa muchina unotungamira mabhuru e simba kuenda kukanza. Mabhuru e simba anogona kuitwa ne X-rays, protons kana mamwe marudzi eradiation. Mwana wako ari patafura, muchina unofamba-famba pamwana wako, uchiburitsa radiation. Rudzi urwu rweradiation runonzi external beam radiation. Kurapa kazhinji kunoitika zuva nezuva kwemavhiki akawanda.

External beam radiation inogona kukonzera zvinokanganisa kana mabhuru eradiation asvika kunzvimbo dzakapfava dziri pedyo neziso, senge uropi. Nechikonzero ichi, external beam radiation kazhinji inosara kune vana vane retinoblastoma inopfuura ziso.

Kana mamwe kurapa asina kushanda kana retinoblastoma iri hombe zvakanyanya kuti irape nezvimwe nzira, kuvhiya kubvisa ziso kunogona kushandiswa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kubvisa ziso kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira kupararira kwenzara kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri. Kuvhiya kubvisa ziso kwe retinoblastoma kunosanganisira:

• Kuvihiya kubvisa ziso rakabatwa. Kuvhiya kubvisa ziso kunonzi enucleation. Vanachirongwa vanobvisa misumbu netishu dziri pedyo neziso uye vanobvisa bhora reziso. Chikamu che optic nerve, chinobva kumashure meziso kuenda kuuropi, chinobviswawo.
• Kuvihiya kuisa implant yeziso. Pakarepo mushure mekunge bhora reziso rabviswa, munachirongwa anoisa bhora rakakosha mu socket yeziso. Bhora rinonzi implant. Misumbu inodzora kufamba kweziso dzimwe nguva inobatanidzwa ne implant.

Mushure mekunge mwana wako apora, misumbu yeziso ichajaira implant. Inogona kufamba sezvakaita ziso rechisikigo. Zvisinei, implant haigoni kuona.

• Kuisa ziso rekunyepera. Mavhiki mashoma mushure mekuvhiya, ziso rekunyepera rinogona kuiswa pamusoro pe implant yeziso. Ziso rekunyepera rinogona kuitwa kuti rifanane ne chitarisiko cheziso rakanaka remwana wako.

Ziso rekunyepera rinogara shure kwemaziso. Sezvo misumbu yeziso yemwana wako ichifambisa implant yeziso, zvichaita sekunge mwana wako ari kufambisa ziso rekunyepera.

Kuvihiya kuisa implant yeziso. Pakarepo mushure mekunge bhora reziso rabviswa, munachirongwa anoisa bhora rakakosha mu socket yeziso. Bhora rinonzi implant. Misumbu inodzora kufamba kweziso dzimwe nguva inobatanidzwa ne implant.

Mushure mekunge mwana wako apora, misumbu yeziso ichajaira implant. Inogona kufamba sezvakaita ziso rechisikigo. Zvisinei, implant haigoni kuona.

Kuisa ziso rekunyepera. Mavhiki mashoma mushure mekuvhiya, ziso rekunyepera rinogona kuiswa pamusoro pe implant yeziso. Ziso rekunyepera rinogona kuitwa kuti rifanane ne chitarisiko cheziso rakanaka remwana wako.

Ziso rekunyepera rinogara shure kwemaziso. Sezvo misumbu yeziso yemwana wako ichifambisa implant yeziso, zvichaita sekunge mwana wako ari kufambisa ziso rekunyepera.

Matambudziko ekuvhiya anosanganisira hutachiona nekurova ropa. Kubvisa ziso kuchakanganisa kuona kwemwana wako. Vana vazhinji vanojaira kuchinja kwekuona nekufamba kwenguva. Mwana wako achafanira kutora hanya yakawanda kudzivirira ziso rakanaka. Semuenzaniso, mushure mekuvhiya, vana vanofanira kupfeka magirazi ekudzivirira kana magoggles emutambo pavanenge vachitamba mitambo.

Clinical trials ndidzidzo dzekuyedza kurapa kwatsva uye nzira itsva dzokushandisa kurapa kuripo. Kunyangwe clinical trials ichipa mwana wako mukana wekuedza zvinhu zvitsva mukurapa kwe retinoblastoma, hazvigone kuvimbisa kupora.

Bvunza chiremba wemwana wako kana mwana wako akakodzera kubatanidzwa mu clinical trials. Chiremba wemwana wako anogona kukurukura zvakanaka nezvakaipa zvekubatanidzwa mu clinical trial.

Kana mwana wako akaonekwa ane kenza, zvakajairika kunzwa manzwiro akasiyana-siyana. Vabereki dzimwe nguva vanoti vanonzwa kushamisika, kusatenda, mhosva kana hasha mushure mekuonekwa kwemwana wavo. Munhu wese anoona nzira yake yekubata nemamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa. Kusvika wawana chinokushandira, unogona kuedza:

Dzidza zvakakwana nezve retinoblastoma kuti unzwe wakasununguka kuita sarudzo nezvekuchengetedza kwemwana wako. Taura ne timu yekuchengetedza utano yemwana wako. Chengetedza runyorwa rwemibvunzo yekubvunza pakuchikamu chinotevera.

Bvunza timu yako yekuchengetedza utano kuti ungadzidza kupi zvakawanda nezve retinoblastoma. Nzvimbo dzakanaka dzekutanga dzinosanganisira mawebsite eNational Cancer Institute neAmerican Cancer Society.

Tsvaga shamwari nemhuri vanogona kukubatsira sekutsigira. Vanhu vaunoda vanogona kuenda nemwana wako kuzvikwata kana kugara padivi pemubhedha muchipatara kana usingakwanisi kuvapo.

Kana uri nemwana wako, shamwari nemhuri yako vanogona kubatsira nekupedza nguva nevamwe vana vako kana kubatsira kumba kwako.

Tsvaga zviwanikwa zvakakosha zvemihuri ye vana vane kenza. Bvunza vanoshanda vemagariro evanhu vekuchikamu chako nezviripo.

Magroup ekutsigira vabereki nehama anokubatanidza nevanhu vanogona kunzwisisa zvaunonzwa. Mhuri yako inogona kukodzera kumakemu ekuzorora, pekugara kwenguva pfupi nedzimwe rubatsiro.