Chii chinonzi SARS? Zviratidzo, Zvinokonzera, & Kurapa

SARS inoreva Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, chirwere chakakomba chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hunokanganisa mapapu nehurongwa hwemhepo. Chirwere ichi chakaonekwa muna 2003 ndokubva chapararira nekukurumidza munyika dzakawanda usati chadzorwa nekuedza kwehutano hwenyika yose.

Kunyangwe SARS ichinzwa ichitya, kunzwisisa kuti chii uye mashandiro ayo kunogona kukubatsira kunzwa wakanyatsoziva uye wakagadzirira. Mashoko akanaka ndeakuti hapana zviitiko zveSARS zvakataurwa pasi rose kubvira muna 2004, zvichiita kuti zvive zvisingawanzoitiki nhasi.

Chii chinonzi SARS?

SARS chirwere chekufema chinokonzerwa ne coronavirus inonzi SARS-CoV. Utachiona uhwu hunorwisa hurongwa hwako hwekufema, uchitanga nezviratidzo zvakafanana nechirwere chemafuru uye zvichida uchifambira mberi kusvika pakunetsa kwakakura kwekufema.

Iyo mamiriro akawana zita rayo nekuti inogona kukonzera matambudziko akakomba, kana kuti angangoitika kamwe kamwe, nemaparu ako. Kana munhu ane SARS, hurongwa hwake hwekuzvidzivirira hwemuviri hunopindura zvakasimba kurwisa utachiona, asi kupindura uku kunogona dzimwe nguva kuita kuti kufema kuve kwakaoma.

SARS inopararira kunyanya kuburikidza nematonhodzo emhepo kana munhu ane chirwere achikosora kana kukwenya. Unogonawo kuibata nekubata zvinhu zvakasvibiswa neutachiona wobva wabata chiso chako, kunyange izvi zvisingawanzoitiki.

Ndeapi zviratidzo zveSARS?

Zviratidzo zveSARS zvinowanzoonekwa muzvikamu, zvichiita zvishoma uye zvichida zvichiwedzera kukomba nekufamba kwenguva. Zviratidzo zvepakutanga zvinowanzoita sekufanana nechirwere chemafuru, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuziva pakutanga.

Ngatiendei kuburikidza nezvaunogona kuona kana wakabata SARS, uchifunga kuti zviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana kubva kune munhu mumwe chete:

• Fivha yakakwira (kazhinji pamusoro pe100.4°F kana 38°C)
• Kurwadziwa kwemusoro nemuviri
• Kunzwa kusagadzikana kana kusanzwa zvakanaka
• Manyoka mune dzimwe nguva
• Kukosora kwakaoma kunouya mushure memazuva 2-7
• Kushomeka kwemhepo kana kuoma kufema
• Kurwadziwa pachipfuva kana kurwadziwa

Matambudziko ekufema anowanzoonekwa gare gare muchirwere, kazhinji mushure mekunge fivha yavepo kwemazuva akawanda. Vanhu vakawanda vane SARS vanowana pneumonia, iyo kuzvimba mumapapu kunoita kuti kufema kuve kwakaoma.

Mune zviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, vamwe vanhu vanogona kuona matambudziko akakomba akadai sekukundikana kwekufema, uko mapapu asingakwanisi kupa oksijeni yakakwana kumuviri. Ndosaka kurapwa kwemishonga kuchikosha kana SARS ichifungidzirwa.

Chii chinokonzera SARS?

SARS inokonzerwa ne coronavirus chaiyo inonzi SARS-CoV. Utachiona uhwu hungangove hwakabva kumhuka usati hwapinda kuvanhu, nzira masayendisiti anonzi "zoonotic transmission."

Vatsvakurudzi vanotenda kuti utachiona hwakafamba kubva kubats kuenda kune dzimwe mhuka, zvichida makati ecivet, usati wapinda kuvanhu. Izvi zvakaita kuchamhembe kweChina kumavambo kwa2002, zvichiratidza kutanga kweSARS outbreak.

Utachiona hunopararira pakati pevanhu nenzira dzakawanda:

• Kufema madonhwe kana munhu ane SARS achikosora kana kukwenya pedyo
• Kubata zvinhu zvakasvibiswa wobva wabata muromo wako, mhino, kana maziso
• Kusangana pedyo nevanhu vane chirwere, kunyanya vanoshanda muhutano kana mhuri

Chakaita kuti SARS ive yakaoma ndechekuti vanhu vaigona kuparadzira utachiona kunyange vasati vanzwa zvakanyanya kurwara. Nekudaro, vanhu vaive vane hutachiona zvikuru kana zviratidzo zvavo zvaive zvakanyanya.

Rini unofanira kuona chiremba nekuda kweSARS?

Sezvo SARS isina kutaurwa kubvira muna 2004, mukana wekuisangana nhasi wakaderera kwazvo. Nekudaro, kana ukawana zviratidzo zvakakomba zvekufema, kunyanya mushure mekuenda kunzvimbo umo zvirwere zvakafanana zvaitika, kutsvaka kurapwa kwemishonga nguva dzose kunokosha.

Unofanira kubata nehutano hwehutano kana ukaona:

• Fivha yakakwira pamwe chete nekukosora kwakakomba uye matambudziko ekufema
• Zviratidzo zvinowedzera nekukurumidza kwemazuva mashoma
• Kunetseka kufema kana kurwadziwa pachipfuva
• Kuenda kunzvimbo dzine zvirwere zvekufema zvakataurwa zvichangobva kuitika

Kana uri kunetseka nezvechirwere chekufema chero chipi zvacho, usambofa wakarega kubata nachiremba wako. Vanogona kukubatsira kuona chiri kukonzera zviratidzo zvako uye kupa kurapwa kwakakodzera.

Ndeapi njodzi dzeSARS?

Panguva yekupararira kwa2003, zvinhu zvimwe zvakaita kuti vamwe vanhu vave nemukana mukuru wekubata SARS kana kuwana zviratidzo zvakakomba. Kunzwisisa izvi kunogona kubatsira kuisa mamiriro acho munzvimbo.

Njodzi huru dzinosanganisira:

• Kusangana pedyo nevarwere veSARS, kunyanya nhengo dzemhuri kana vanoshanda muhutano
• Kugara kana kuenda kunzvimbo dzine SARS transmission iri kuitika
• Kushanda munzvimbo dzehutano panguva yekupararira
• Zera guru, kunyanya avo vane makore anopfuura 60
• Kuve nezvirwere zvekusingaperi zvakadai sedayabeti kana chirwere chemwoyo
• Hurongwa hwekuzvidzivirira hwemuviri husina simba

Vanoshanda muhutano vakatarisana nenjodzi yakakura nekuti vaishandira varwere veSARS usati waziva zvizere uye kuisa matanho ekudzivirira. Nhengo dzemhuri dzakanga dzakatarisanawo nenjodzi yakawedzera nekuda kwekusangana kwepedyo, kwenguva refu nevanhu vane chirwere.

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti njodzi idzi dzakashanda chaiyo panguva yekupararira kwa2003. Nhasi, pasina SARS transmission iri kuitika, njodzi idzi dzakanyanya kuva nhoroondo.

Ndeapi matambudziko anogona kuitika eSARS?

Kunyangwe vanhu vakawanda vakabatwa neSARS panguva yekupararira kwa2003 vakapora, vamwe vakawana matambudziko akakomba. Kunzwisisa izvi kunobatsira kutsanangura kuti nei sangano remishonga rakatora SARS zvakanyanya.

Matambudziko akajairika anosanganisira:

• Pneumonia inokanganisa mapapu ese maviri
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), uko mapapu anozadzwa nemvura
• Kukundikana kwekufema kunoda kufema kwemaitiro
• Matambudziko emwoyo, kusanganisira kurova kwemwoyo kwasinganzwisisiki
• Kukuvadzwa kwechiropa mune dzimwe nguva

Mune zviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, SARS inogona kukonzera kukundikana kwezvikamu zvakawanda zvemuviri, uko zvikamu zvakawanda zvemuviri zvinorega kushanda zvakanaka. Izvi zvaive zvine mukana mukuru wekuitika muvakuru vakuru kana vanhu vane zvirwere zvekare.

Huwandu hwekufa kubva kuSARS hwakanga huri 10%, kunyange izvi zvakasiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nezana remakore uye mamiriro ehutano. Vakomana vaduku, vane hutano hwakanaka vaive nemhedzisiro iri nani kupfuura vakuru vakuru kana avo vane zvirwere zvekusingaperi.

SARS yakarongwa sei?

Panguva yekupararira kwa2003, kuongorora SARS kwakabatanidza zviratidzo zvechirwere nekuongororwa kwemishonga uye kudzidza kwemifananidzo. Madokota aifanira kuunganidza mazano akawanda kuti aite kuongororwa kwakakwana.

Nzira yekuongorora kazhinji yaisanganisira:

• Nhoroondo yakakwana yemishonga, kusanganisira rwendo rwachangobva kuitika uye zvinhu zvinogona kuitika
• Kuongororwa kwemuviri kunotarisa pakufema uye kurira kwemapapu
• Chest X-rays kutarisa pneumonia
• Kuongororwa kweropa kutarisa zviratidzo zvehutachiona
• Kuongororwa kwakakosha kutsvaga utachiona hweSARS

Chimwe chezvinetso chaive chekuti zviratidzo zveSARS zvakafanana nezvimwe zvirwere zvekufema senge mafuru kana pneumonia. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuziva zviitiko nekukurumidza, kunyanya pakutanga kwekupararira.

Madokota akavimbawo nezvinhu zvekutsvaga, senge kana varwere vakanga vasangana nevanhu vane SARS kana vakanga vaenda kunzvimbo dzakabatwa. Iyi basa rekutsvaga raive rakakosha pakutsvaga uye kudzora kupararira.

Kurapa kweSARS kwakanga kuri sei?

Panguva yekupararira kwa2003, hakuna mushonga chaiwo we antiviral wakaratidzwa kuti unoshanda pane SARS. Kurapa kwakatarisa pakutsigira muviri nepo hurongwa hwekuzvidzivirira huchirwisa hutachiona.

Nzira huru dzekurapa dzinosanganisira:

• Oxygen therapy kubatsira nematambudziko ekufema
• Mechanical ventilation yezviitiko zvakakomba
• Mishonga yekuderedza fivha uye kudzora zviratidzo
• Steroids kuderedza kuzvimba kwemapapu mune dzimwe nguva
• Antibiotics kana hutachiona hwebhakitiriya hwakabuda pamwe chete neSARS

Varwere vakawanda vaida kurapwa kwakakomba, kunyanya avo vakawana matambudziko akakomba ekufema. Chinangwa chechikwata chekurapa chaive chekuchengeta varwere vakadzikama nepo miviri yavo ichipora zvakasikwa.

Kurapa kwakawanda kwakaitwa, kusanganisira mishonga ye antiviral uye vachasimudzira hurongwa hwekuzvidzivirira, asi hapana chakaratidzwa kuti chinoshanda. Kupora kwakavimba zvikuru nehutano hwemunhu uye kugona kwemuviri wake kurwisa hutachiona.

SARS yakadzivirirwa sei?

Kupararira kweSARS kwa2003 kwakadzorwa nekuita matanho ehutano hwevanhu pane mishonga kana kurapwa kwakakosha. Aya matanho ekudzivirira akaratidza kuti anoshanda zvikuru pakumisa kupararira.

Matanho makuru ekudzivirira anosanganisira:

• Kuisa varwere vane SARS vanofungidzirwa uye vakasimbiswa
• Kuisa vanhu vakanga vasangana neSARS
• Contact tracing kutsvaga zviitiko zvinogona kuitika
• Miganho yekufamba uye kuongororwa kwehutano paminda yendege
• Kudzorwa kwakawedzerwa kwehutachiona muma hospital
• Dzidzo yevanhu nezviratidzo uye kudzivirira

Vanoshanda muhutano vakashandisa michina yekudzivirira yakakosha, kusanganisira N95 masks, magorovhosi, uye nguo, pavanotarisa varwere veSARS. Izvi zvakaderedza zvakanyanya kupararira munzvimbo dzemishonga.

Kupindura kwenyika yose kwakabatana zvikuru, nyika dzichigovana ruzivo nekukurumidza uye kuisa matanho ekudzora akafanana. Kubatana uku kwenyika yose kwakakosha pakudzora SARS mukati memwedzi mishoma.

Ungagadzirira sei kuona chiremba nezve zviratidzo zvekufema?

Kana uri kunetseka nezvechirwere chekufema chero chipi zvacho, kugadzirira kuona chiremba wako kunogona kubatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti unowana kurapwa kwakanakisa kunobvira. Kunyangwe SARS isiri hanya yenguva ino, mazano aya anoshanda kune chero zviratidzo zvine chekuita nekufema.

Usati waenda kuna chiremba, unganidza ruzivo urwu:

• Nguva yekutanga kwezviratidzo uye nzira yavachinja nayo
• Rondedzero yemishonga yese iripo uye zvinowedzerwa
• Nhoroondo yekufamba kwachangobva kuitika, kunyanya rwendo rwenyika
• Kusangana nemunhu chero upi zvawo akanga arwara nguva pfupi yadarika
• Nhoroondo yako yemishonga, kusanganisira zvirwere zvekusingaperi

Nyora mibvunzo chaiyo yaunoda kubvunza chiremba wako. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kunetseka nezviratidzo zvako, bvunzo dzinogona kudiwa, kana nzira yekutarisira mamiriro ako pamba.

Usakanganwa kutaura kana uri kunzwa kunetseka nezviratidzo zvako. Chiremba wako anogona kupa chivimbo uye kubatsira kugadzirisa chero kutya kwaunogona kuve nako nezvehutano hwako.

Chii chinonyanya kukosha nezveSARS?

SARS yaive chirwere chakakomba chekufema chakakonzera kunetseka kukuru muna 2003, asi zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti chakadzorwa uye chakabviswa. Hapana zviitiko zvakataurwa chero kupi zvako munyika kubvira muna 2004.

Kupararira kweSARS kwakatipa zvidzidzo zvinokosha nezvekupindura kune zvirwere zvitsva zvinotapukira. Kwakaonesa kuti hurongwa hwehutano hwenyika yose hunogona kukurumidza kuita basa kana huchitarisana nenjodzi uye kuti matanho ehutano hwevanhu anoshanda sei.

Kunyangwe SARS pachayo isiri hanya zvakare, ruzivo rwakabatsira kugadzirira sangano remishonga kune zvirwere zvekufamba zvinotevera. Zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa zvinoramba zvichiita kuti tizive nzira yatinopindura nayo kune matambudziko matsva ehutano nhasi.

Kana uine chero kunetseka nezviratidzo zvekufema, usambofa wakarega kubata nehutano hwako. Varipo kukubatsira kunzwa zvakanaka uye kugadzirisa chero kunetseka kwaunogona kuve nako nezvehutano hwako.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezveSARS

Q1: Unogona here kuwana SARS nhasi?

Kwete, haugone kuwana SARS nhasi. Nyaya yekupedzisira inozivikanwa yeSARS yakataurwa muna 2004, uye World Health Organization yakazivisa kuti kupararira kwakadzorwa. Utachiona hauchafambi pakati pevanhu chero kupi zvako munyika.

Q2: SARS yakafanana neCOVID-19 here?

Kwete, SARS neCOVID-19 zvirwere zvakasiyana zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi akasiyana, kunyange zvose zviri coronaviruses. SARS yakakonzerwa neSARS-CoV, nepo COVID-19 yakakonzerwa neSARS-CoV-206. Kunyangwe zvakabatana, zvinoita zvakasiyana uye zvine zviratidzo zvakasiyana uye mhedzisiro.

Q3: Kupararira kweSARS kwakagara kwenguva yakareba sei?

Kupararira kweSARS kwakagara kubva munaNovember 2002 kusvika munaJuly 2003, apo World Health Organization yakazivisa kuti kwakadzorwa. Kupararira kwakakwira mukupera kwa2003 uye kwakadzorwa nekuedza kwehutano hwenyika yose mukati memwedzi minomwe.

Q4: Vanhu vangani vakabatwa neSARS?

Maererano neWorld Health Organization, SARS yakabatwa nevanhu vanenge 8,098 pasi rose uye yakakonzera rufu rwevanhu 774 panguva yekupararira kwa2003. Kupararira kwakabatwa nyika 26, nevanhu vakawanda vakabatwa vari kuChina, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, uye Canada.

Q5: Chii chakaita kuti SARS isive nemafuru akajairika?

SARS yakanga yakakomba kupfuura mafuru akajairika, ine huwandu hwakawanda hwe pneumonia uye matambudziko ekufema. Yakanga iine huwandu hwakawanda hwekufa (anenge 10% ichienzaniswa nepashoma pane 1% yemafuru emakore ese) uye yaive nemukana mukuru wekuenda kuchipatara. Kusiyana nemafur, SARS yakanga isina mushonga kana kurapwa kwakaratidzwa panguva yekupararira.