Chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia: Zviratidzo, Zvinokonzera, uye Kurapa

Chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia chirwere cheropa chinogara munzvimbo dzemagene umo masero matsvuku eropa anochinja kubva pakukora kwavo kwakajairwa kuita chimiro chemwedzi kana kuti "sickle". Aya masero asina kukwana haakwanisi kutakura oksijeni zvakanaka sezvinoita masero ane hutano uye anowanzonamira muma capillaries maduku, zvichikonzera kurwadziwa nezvimwe zvinetso.

Ichi chirwere chinotapura mamiriyoni evanhu pasi rose uye chinhu chaunoberekwa nacho, kwete chinhu chaunogona kubata kubva kune vamwe. Kunyange zvazvo iri chirwere chehupenyu hwese chinoda kutarisirwa kwenguva refu, vanhu vakawanda vane chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia vanorarama hupenyu hwakazara, hunoshanda nekuvhiyiwa kwakakodzera nekutsigirwa.

Chii Chinonzi Sickle Cell Anemia?

Chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia chirwere chinogara munzvimbo dzemagene chinotapura hemoglobin mumaselo matsvuku eropa. Hemoglobin ndiyo puroteni inotakura oksijeni kubva mumapapu kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Kune vanhu vane hutano, masero matsvuku eropa akakora uye anogona kufamba nyore nyore mumatunhu eropa. Kana uine chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia, masero ako matsvuku eropa anoita mahara, anonamira, uye ane chimiro chemwedzi kana kuti sickle. Aya masero asina kukwana anoputsika nyore nyore uye haararami kwenguva refu sezvinoita masero matsvuku eropa ane hutano.

Masero ane chimiro chemwedzi anogonawo kunamira pamwe chete uye kudzivirira kuyerera kweropa muma capillaries maduku. Izvi zvinodzivirira oksijeni kusvika kune tishu ne nhengo dzako, izvo zvinokonzera kurwadziwa nezvimwe zvinetso zvinobatanidzwa nechirwere ichi.

Zviratidzo zveSickle Cell Anemia Ndezvipi?

Zviratidzo zvechirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia zvinowanzoratidzika mugore rekutanga rehupenyu, kunyange vamwe vanhu vangasave nezviratidzo zvakakomba kusvika gare gare. Kuomarara uye kuwanda kwezviratidzo kunogona kusiyana zvikuru kubva kumunhu kune mumwe.

Aya ndiwo mazviratidzo anowanzoitika aunogona kuona:

• Kurwadziwa kwenguva pfupi (crises): Kurwadziwa kwenguva pfupi, kwakakomba muchipfuva, musana, maoko, makumbo, kana mudumbu kunogona kugara maawa kusvika kumazuva.
• Kuneta nekushaya simba: Kunzwa kuneta nyore nekuda kwekushaya masero matsvuku eropa ane hutano anotakura oksijeni.
• Kushaya mweya: Kunetseka kufema, kunyanya panguva yekurovedza muviri.
• Ganda rakacheneruka, misumari, kana maziso mukati: Zviratidzo zveanemia kubva pakushaya masero matsvuku eropa.
• Kutemwa kwemaoko nemakumbo: Kazhinji chimwe chezviratidzo zvepakutanga muvana vacheche nevana vaduku.
• Kuwanzoita zvirwere: Kuita zvirwere kazhinji kupfuura zvakajairwa nekuti masero ane chimiro chemwedzi anogona kukuvadza spleen yako.
• Kukura kwakaderera: Vana vanogona kukura zvishoma pane shamwari dzavo.
• Matambudziko ekuona: Kuona kusapfava kana kurasikirwa nekuona kana masero ane chimiro chemwedzi akadzvinyirira ropa mumaziso ako.

Zviratidzo zvisingawanzoitika asi zvakakomba zvinogona kusanganisira kuita yero kweganda nemaziso (jaundice), izvo zvinoitika kana masero ane chimiro chemwedzi aputsika nekukurumidza kupfuura muviri wako unogona kuzvigadzirisa. Vamwe vanhu vanogonawo kuona maronda emukumbo anorapa zvishoma kana zviratidzo zvakafanana ne stroke kana kuyerera kweropa kuuropi kwadzvinyiririka.

Chii Chinokonzera Sickle Cell Anemia?

Chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia chinokonzerwa nechinhu chinowanikwa munzvimbo dzemagene (mutation) muchikamu chegene chinotaura muviri wako kuti uite hemoglobin. Iyi shanduko yemagene chinhu chaunowana kubva kuvabereki vako, kwete chinhu chinokura panguva yehupenyu hwako.

Kuti uve nechirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia, unofanira kuwana ma kopi maviri egene reSickle Cell, imwe kubva kumubereki mumwe nemumwe. Kana ukawana kopi imwe chete, une chinonzi sickle cell trait, iyo kazhinji haina zviratidzo asi zvinoreva kuti unogona kupasa gene kuvana vako.

Mutation inokonzera muviri wako kugadzira rudzi rwakaipa rwehemoglobin rinonzi hemoglobin S. Kana hemoglobin S ikasunungura oksijeni, inoumba matanda marefu, akasimba anochinja chimiro chesero retsvuka eropa kubva pakukora kuita chimiro chemwedzi.

Ichi chirwere chinowanzoitika kune vanhu vane mhuri dzakabva kuAfrica, nzvimbo yeMediterranean, Middle East, kana India. Aya marudzi akagadzira gene reSickle Cell sekuchengetedza kubva kumarearia, chirwere chinopararira nemakonzo chinowanzoitika munzvimbo idzi.

Rini Unofanira Kuona Chiremba Nekuda kweSickle Cell Anemia?

Unofanira kutsvaga rubatsiro rwekukurumidza kubva kuchiremba kana ukaona zviratidzo zvinogona kuratidza zvinetso zvakakomba. Aya mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kutarisirwa nekukurumidza uye haafanire kuregererwa.

Fonera chiremba wako nekukurumidza kana kuenda kuchipatara kana uine:

• Kurwadziwa kwakakomba: Kurwadziwa kusina kunaka ne mishonga yako yakajairwa yekurwadziwa kana mishonga yekumba.
• Fivha pamusoro pe101.3°F (38.5°C): Kunyange fivha shoma inogona kuratidza chirwere chakakomba.
• Kunetseka kufema: Kushaya mweya, kurwadziwa muchipfuva, kana kufema nekukurumidza.
• Kurwadziwa kwakakomba kwemusoro: Kunyanya kana kuchifambidzana nekusanzwisisa, kushaya simba, kana kuchinja kwekuona.
• Kuchinja kwekuona kwenguva pfupi: Kuona kusapfava, nzvimbo dzisina kuoneka, kana kurasikirwa nekuona.
• Kushaya simba kana kunzwa kusagadzikana: Kunyanya kurutivi rumwe rwemiviri yako.
• Kurwadziwa kwakakomba mudumbu: Kunyanya kana mudumbu rako richinzwa rakanyanyisa kana kuti rine marwadzo.
• Zviratidzo zve stroke: Kutaura kusapfava, kumeso kuderera, kana kunetseka kufamba.

Kuongororwa nguva dzose nechikwata chehutano hwako kunokosha kunyange kana uchinzwa zvakanaka. Aya maonero anobatsira kutarisira mamiriro ako uye kudzivirira zvinetso usati zvaoma.

Zvinhu Zvinowedzera Njodzi yeSickle Cell Anemia Ndezvipi?

Sezvo chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia chiri chirwere chinogara munzvimbo dzemagene, chinhu chikuru chinowedzera njodzi ndicho magene ako. Zvisinei, kunzwisisa aya magene kunogona kukubatsira kuita sarudzo dzakachenjera pamusoro pekuzvarwa kwemhuri nekutarisira hutano.

Zvinhu zvikuru zvinowedzera njodzi zvinosanganisira:

• Nhoroondo yemhuri: Kuve nevabereki vanotakura gene reSickle Cell.
• Rudzi: Kuva weAfrica, Mediterranean, Middle East, kana Indian.
• Nzvimbo yekubva: Kuve nemadzitateguru kubva kunzvimbo umo malaria iri kana yaimbovapo.

Kana vabereki vako vese vachitakura gene reSickle Cell, une mukana we25% wekuva nechirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia, mukana we50% wekuva neSickle Cell trait, uye mukana we25% wekusava nechero chimwe chezviviri. Kuongororwa kwemagene kunogona kukubatsira kunzwisisa aya njodzi zviri nani kana uri kuronga kuva nevana.

Zvinetso Zvinogona Kuitika neSickle Cell Anemia Ndezvipi?

Chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia chinogona kukanganisa chero chikamu chemuviri wako nekuti chinoderedza kuunzwa kweoksijeni kune tishu dzako. Kunyange zvazvo zvinetso zvakawanda zvinogona kutarisirwa nekuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera, kuziva nezvazvo kunokubatsira kushanda nechikwata chehutano hwako kudzivirira kana kurapa pakutanga.

Zvinetso zvakajairwa zvaunogona kusangana nazvo zvinosanganisira:

• Acute chest syndrome: Mamiriro ezvinhu akakomba umo masero ane chimiro chemwedzi anodzivirira ropa mumapapu, zvichikonzera kurwadziwa muchipfuva nekunetseka kufema.
• Stroke: Njodzi yakakwira nekuda kwema capillaries akadzvinyiririka muuropi.
• Kukuvadzwa kwenhengo: Itsvo, chiropa, uye spleen zvinogona kukuvadzwa nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwekuvhara kwenguva dzose.
• Zvirwere: Kuwedzera kwekugamuchira zvirwere, kunyanya pneumonia nezvimwe zvirwere zvemabhakitiriya.
• Maronda emukumbo: Maronda akavhurika anorapa zvishoma, kazhinji anowanikwa padzinotsvedza.
• Gallstones: Zvinowanzoitika nekuda kwekuwedzera kuputsika kwemasero matsvuku eropa.
• Matambudziko emaziso: Kukuvadzwa kwe retina kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nekuona.
• Priapism: Kuvarume, kurwadziwa, kusimudzwa kwenguva refu kunoda kurapwa nekukurumidza.

Zvinetso zvisingawanzoitika asi zvakakomba zvinosanganisira avascular necrosis, umo tishu dzemapfupa dzinofa nekuda kwekushaya ropa, uye pulmonary hypertension, iyo inokanganisa ma capillaries mumapapu. Kuongororwa nguva dzose kunobatsira kubata aya matambudziko pakutanga apo ari kurapika zvikuru.

Chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia Chinoongororwa Sei?

Chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia chinowanzonzi chinoongororwa nekuongororwa kweropa kunogona kuona kuvapo kwehemoglobin yeSickle Cell. Munyika dzakawanda, purogiramu dzekuongorora vacheche vanoberekwa dzinoongorora vacheche vese pashure pekuberekwa, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nekuongororwa nekurapwa pakutanga.

Kuongororwa kukuru kunosanganisira hemoglobin electrophoresis, iyo inoparadzanisa marudzi akasiyana ehemoglobin kuziva hemoglobin yeSickle Cell. Chiremba wako anogonawo kuraira kuverenga kweropa kwakakwana kuongorora anemia nezvimwe zvinhu zvisina kukwana zvemukati meropa.

Kana uri mukuru asina kuongororwa semwana, kana uri kuronga kuva nevana, kuongororwa kwemagene kunogona kuona kana uchitakura gene reSickle Cell. Iyi ruzivo inokosha pakuronga mhuri nekunzwisisa njodzi yako yekupasa chirwere kuvana vako.

Kuongororwa kwepamuviri panguva yekuzvitakura kunogonawo kuona chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia muvana vasati vaberekwa. Iyi bvunzo inowanzopiwa kumakapa anova vatakuri vegene reSickle Cell.

Kurapa kweSickle Cell Anemia Ndeapi?

Kurapa kwechirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia kunotarisa pakudzivirira kurwadziwa kwenguva pfupi, kutarisira zviratidzo, uye kudzivirira zvinetso. Kunyange zvazvo pasina mushonga wakakwana, kurapwa kwakawanda kunogona kuvandudza zvikuru hupenyu hwako uye nguva yekurarama.

Chirongwa chako chekurapa chinowanzo sanganisira:

• Hydroxyurea: Mishonga inowedzera kugadzirwa kwe fetal hemoglobin, ichideredza zviitiko zve sickle.
• Kutarisira kurwadziwa: Mishonga yekurwadziwa ye over-the-counter neye prescription yekurwadziwa kwenguva pfupi.
• Blood transfusions: Kuunzwa kweropa nguva dzose kuwedzera masero matsvuku eropa ane hutano.
• Antibiotics: Antibiotics ekudzivirira kuderedza njodzi yezvirwere, kunyanya muvana.
• Vaccines: Vaccines zvakawanda kudzivirira zvirwere spleen yako inorwisa kazhinji.
• Folic acid supplements: Kubatsira muviri wako kugadzira masero matsvuku eropa matsva.

Kune vamwe vanhu, kurapwa kwatsva senge voxelotor (inodzivisa masero matsvuku eropa kubva pakukora) kana crizanlizumab (inoderedza kurwadziwa kwenguva pfupi) inogona kuva sarudzo. Kuisa bone marrow kunoramba kuri mushonga chete unogona kupora, asi kazhinji kunosara kune zviitiko zvakakomba nekuda kwenjodzi dzinosanganisirwa.

Gene therapy ndiyo kurapwa kuri kusimukira kuri kuratidza tariro mukuedzwa kwevanhu. Iri nzira inosanganisira kuchinja masero ako emukati memapfupa kugadzira hemoglobin ine hutano, zvichigona kupa mushonga pasina kudiwa kwemupi.

Nzira Yekutarisira Chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia Kumba Ndeipi?

Kutarisira chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia kumba kunosanganisira tsika dzezuva nezuva dzinogona kudzivirira kurwadziwa kwenguva pfupi uye kukuchengetedza uchinzwa zvakanaka. Aya marongero anoshanda pamwe chete ne kurapwa kwako kwemishonga kuti uve nehutongi hwakanaka pamusoro pemiitiro yako.

Matanho ekutarisira zuva nezuva anosanganisira:

• Rambai muchinwa mvura yakawanda: Inwai mvura yakawanda zuva rese kubatsira kudzivirira sickle.
• Dzivisa tembiricha dzakanyanya: Rambai muchipisa mumamiriro ekunotonhora uye muchitonhora mumamiriro ekupisa.
• Zororai zvakakwana: Edza kurara maawa 7-8 usiku humwe neumwe.
• Rovedzai zvishoma: Kuita maekisesaizi zvishoma kunobatsira, asi dzivisa kuedza zvakanyanya.
• Tarisa kushushikana: Shandisa nzira dzokuzorora nadzo senge kufema kwakadzama kana kufungisisa.
• Tora mishonga sezvakarayirwa: Usambofa wakasiya zvikamu zve mishonga yako yezuva nezuva.
• Dzivisa zvinokonzera: Gara kure ne nzvimbo dzakakwirira, tembiricha dzakanyanya, uye kushaya mvura.

Panguva yekurwadziwa kwenguva pfupi, isa kupisa munzvimbo dzakakuvadzwa, tora mishonga yako yakarayirwa yekurwadziwa sezvakarayirwa, uye zorora. Kana kurwadziwa kuchiomera kana kusina kunaka, usambofa wakarega kubata chiremba wako kana kutsvaga rubatsiro rwekukurumidza.

Chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia Chinogona Kudzivirirwa Here?

Sezvo chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia chiri chirwere chinogara munzvimbo dzemagene, haugone kuchidzivirira kubva kukura kana wakaberekwa nemagene akakanganisika. Zvisinei, kuongororwa kwemagene kunogona kubatsira vabereki vanoda kuva nevana kunzwisisa njodzi yavo yekuva ne mwana ane chirwere ichi.

Kana uri kuronga kuva nevana uye une nhoroondo yemhuri yechirwere cheSickle Cell, kuongororwa kwemagene kunogona kuona kana iwe nemumwe wako muchitakura gene reSickle Cell. Iyi ruzivo inokubvumira kuita sarudzo dzakachenjera pamusoro pekuronga mhuri.

Zvaunogona kudzivirira ndizvo zvinetso zvakawanda nekurwadziwa kwenguva pfupi zvinobatanidzwa nechirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia. Kutevera chirongwa chako chekurapa, kuramba uchinwa mvura yakawanda, kudzivirira zvinokonzera zvinozivikanwa, uye kuchengetedza kurapwa kwenguva dzose kunogona kuderedza njodzi yezvinetso zvakakomba.

Ungagadzirira Sei Kuonana neChiremba Wako?

Kuve wakagadzirira zvakanaka kuonana nechikwata chehutano hwako kunokubatsira kubatsirwa ne nguva yako navo. Kugadzirira kwakanaka kunoita kuti zvinetso zvinokosha zvibvunzwe uye marongero ekurapa aite zvakanaka zvinodiwa nemi.

Usati waenda kuonana nechikwata chehutano hwako,unganidza ruzivo nezviratidzo zvako zvichienda mberi, kusanganisira nguva yekurwadziwa kwenguva pfupi, kuomarara kwavo, uye zvinhu zvaitaridza kuzvikonzera. Chengeta bhuku rezviratidzo kana zvichibvira, uchinyora mazinga ekurwadziwa, mabasa, uye mishonga ipi zvayo yawakatora.

Uyai ne rondedzero yakakwana yemishonga yose yauri kutora, kusanganisira mishonga ye over-the-counter ne zvimwe zvinowedzerwa. Uyaiwo mibvunzo kana zvinetso zvaunazvo nezve mamiriro ako, sarudzo dzekurapa, kana marongero ekutarisira zuva nezuva.

Funga kuuya nemhuri kana shamwari inogona kukubatsira kuyeuka ruzivo rwakakosha rwakakurukurwa panguva yekuonana. Usambofa wakarega kubvunza chiremba wako kuti atsanangure chero chinhu chausinganzwisisi zvakanaka.

Chii Chinonyanya Kukosha Nezve Sickle Cell Anemia?

Chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia chirwere chakakomba chinoda kutarisirwa kweupenyu hwese, asi hachifanire kuita kuti hupenyu hwako huve husina maturo. Nekurapwa kwakakodzera, kutarisira kwezuva nezuva, nekutsigirwa kubva kuchikwata chehutano hwako, vanhu vakawanda vane chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia vanorarama hupenyu hwakazara, hunoshanda.

Chinhu chikuru chekubudirira ndechekushanda pedyo nevanopa hutano vanonzwisisa chirwere ichi, kutevera chirongwa chako chekurapa nguva dzose, uye kudzidza kuziva uye kudzivirira zvinokonzera kurwadziwa kwenguva pfupi.

Yeuka kuti sarudzo dzekurapa dzichiri kuvandudza, uye vanoongorora vari kugadzira kurapwa kwakatsva kunopa tariro yemigumisiro iri nani mune ramangwana. Rambai muchibatanidzwa nechikwata chenyu chekurapa, rambai muchiziva nezve mamiriro ako, uye musambofa makarega kutsvaga rubatsiro kana muchiri kuda.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo Bvunzwa Nezve Sickle Cell Anemia

Mubvunzo 1: Chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia chinobatsira here?

Kwete, chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia hachibatsiri. Haugoni kuchibata kubva kune mumwe munhu kana kuchipasa kune vamwe. Ichi chirwere chinogara munzvimbo dzemagene chaunowana kubva kuvabereki vako kuburikidza nemagene avo.

Mubvunzo 2: Vanhu vane chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia vanogona kuva nevana here?

Hongu, vanhu vane chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia vanogona kuva nevana. Zvisinei, pane njodzi yekupasa chirwere kuvana vavo zvichienderana nekuti mumwe wavo anova anotora gene reSickle Cell. Kuongororwa kwemagene kunogona kubatsira makapu kunzwisisa aya njodzi uye kuita sarudzo dzakachenjera.

Mubvunzo 3: Vanhu vane chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia vanorarama kwenguva yakareba sei?

Nguva yekurarama yavandudzwa zvikuru nekurapwa kwakanaka. Vanhu vakawanda vane chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia ikozvino vanorarama kusvika kuma40s, 50s, nezvimwe. Kuongororwa pakutanga, kurapwa kwenguva dzose, uye kutevera marongero ekurapa kunogona kubatsira kuwedzera nguva yekurarama uye kuvandudza hupenyu.

Mubvunzo 4: Chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia chinogona kupora here?

Parizvino, kuisa bone marrow ndiwo mushonga chete wakasimbiswa, asi une njodzi huru uye kazhinji anosara kune zviitiko zvakakomba. Gene therapy inoratidza tariro mukuedzwa kwevanhu uye inogona kupa tariro yekupora mune ramangwana pasina kudiwa kwemupi.

Mubvunzo 5: Chii chiri musiyano uripo pakati pechirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia neSickle Cell trait?

Chirwere cheSickle Cell Anemia chinoitika kana ukawana ma kopi maviri egene reSickle Cell (imwe kubva kumubereki mumwe nemumwe). Sickle cell trait inoitika kana ukawana kopi imwe chete yegene. Vanhu vane sickle cell trait kazhinji havave nezviratidzo asi vanogona kupasa gene kuvana vavo.