Chii Chinonzi Cancer YeGanda? Zviratidzo, Zvinokonzera, Uye Kurapa

Cancer yeganda inoitika kana masero ari muganda rako akakura zvisina kujairika uye asingadzoreki. Icho chaicho rudzi rwakajairika rwekenza, asi heino nhau inofadza: mazhinji emakensa eganda anorapika zvikuru kana akaonekwa pakutanga. Funga nezveganda rako sekuve nesimba rekugadzirisa rakazvivakira iro dzimwe nguva rinoda rubatsiro rudiki kuti ridzoke munzira yakarurama.

Chii chinonzi cancer yeganda?

Cancer yeganda inoitika kana kukuvara kweDNA kuchikonzera kuti masero eganda amere nekukurumidza uye aumbe zvimwe zvinhu zvakaipa. Ganda rako rinobvisa masero ekare uye rinogadzira matsva, asi dzimwe nguva maitiro aya anoenda zvisina kururama.

Kune marudzi matatu makuru, rimwe nerimwe richifamba zvakasiyana. Basal cell carcinoma inokura zvishoma nezvishoma uye haina kupararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri wako. Squamous cell carcinoma inogona kukura nekukurumidza asi ichiri kurapika zvikuru kana ikarapwa nekukurumidza.

Melanoma ndiro rudzi rwakakomba zvikuru nekuti rinogona kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo kana risina kurapwa pakutanga. Zvisinei, kana melanoma ikaonekwa pakutanga, huwandu hwekupona hwakanaka kwazvo pa99%.

Ndeapi marudzi ecancer yeganda?

Marudzi matatu makuru ecancer yeganda ane hunhu hwakasiyana uye maitiro. Kunzwisisa musiyano uyu kunogona kukubatsira kuziva zvekutarisa.

Basal Cell Carcinoma ndiro rudzi rwakajairika, ruchiita anenge 80% yemakensa ese eganda. Kazhinji inoonekwa sechikamu chidiki, chine chiedza, kana chidimbu chakapeta, chinogona kubuda zviri nyore. Rudzi urwu runokura zvishoma nezvishoma uye haruna kupararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri wako.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma inoita anenge 20% yemakensa eganda. Kazhinji inoita sechigadziko chakaoma, chakapeta, chidonda chakavhurika chisingarapiki, kana kukura kwakakwirira nekuora kwakadzika. Kunyangwe ichigona kupararira kana ikasiyiwa isina kurapwa, ichiri kurapika zvikuru kana ikaonekwa pakutanga.

Melanoma ndiro rudzi rushoma asi rine ngozi zvikuru. Inogona kukura kubva kune mole iripo kana kuoneka sechitsiko chitsva cheduku paganda rako. Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti melanoma inorapika zvachose kana ikaonekwa pakutanga, uye kurapwa kwakatsva kuri kubatsira kunyange zviitiko zvakakomba.

Ndeapi zviratidzo zvecancer yeganda?

Zviratidzo zvecancer yeganda zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi, asi kune zviratidzo zvikuru zvekuchengetedza. Chinhu chakakosha chokurangarira ndechekuti chero shanduko iri paganda rako inoda kutarisirwa.

Kune basal uye squamous cell carcinomas, unogona kuona:

• Chikamu chidiki, chine chiedza, chakajeka, kana chikamu chakapeta
• Chikamu chakapeta, chakaoma, chakaita sechigadziko chine chiedza kana chakakwirira zvishoma
• Chidonda chinobuda ropa, chinopfeka, chinorapwa, wobva chavhurwa zvakare
• Chikamu chakaoma, chakapeta chitsvuku kana chakaita brown
• Kukura kwakakwirira nechepamusoro chakaoma uye kuora kwakadzika

Kune melanoma, vanachiremba vanoshandisa mutemo weABCDE kubatsira kuziva ma moles anotyisa:

• Asymmetry: Haisi hafu inofanirwa neimwe hafu
• Border: Makona haana kujairika, asina kujekeswa, kana akapetwa
• Color: Mavara akawanda kana kugoverwa kwakasiyana kwemavara
• Diameter: Kukura kupfuura eraser yepensiri (6mm)
• Evolving: Chero mole inochinja kukura, chimiro, kana ruvara

Dzimwe nguva melanoma inogona kuoneka sechitsiko chitsva cheduku pasi pechigunwe kana tsoka, kunyanya muvanhu vane ganda rakaoma. Chero chidonda chinoramba chiripo, chikamu, kana chikamu chisingarapiki mukati memavhiki mashoma chinofanira kutarisirwa nachiremba.

Chii chinokonzera cancer yeganda?

Cancer yeganda inoitika kana ultraviolet (UV) radiation ikuvadza DNA iri mumasero eganda rako. Kukuvara uku kunogona kubva kune zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, asi zuva ndiro chikonzero chikuru.

Zvinokonzera zvikuru zvinosanganisira:

• Kuonekwa kwezuva kwenguva refu, kunyanya panguva dzezuva (10 AM kusvika 4 PM)
• Sunburns, kunyanya sunburns dzine mablister muhudiki
• Mabhedha ekuve nechiedza chezuva uye mwenje yezuva
• Ganda rakajeka rinopisa nyore nyore
• Kurarama munzvimbo dzakakwirira kana munzvimbo dzine zuva
• Kuonekwa kune zvimwe zvinhu senge arsenic
• Kurapwa kwe radiation therapy
• Kunetseka kwenguva refu kwemhando yeganda kana hutachiona

Zvimwe zvinokonzera zvisingawanzoitika zvinogona kusanganisira zvirwere zvemageneti zvakadai se xeroderma pigmentosum, izvo zvinoita kuti vanhu vave vanonzwa zvikuru kune chiedza cheUV. Mimwe mishonga inodzora sisitimu yako yekudzivirira inogona zvakare kuwedzera njodzi yako.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti cancer yeganda inogona kukura kunyange munzvimbo dzisingawanzotarirwi nezuva. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti UV radiation inogona kupinda mukati memhando yezvipfeko negirazi, uye kukuvara kwakawanda kunounganidzwa kwemakore mazhinji usati waoneka.

Rini unofanira kuona chiremba nekuda kwe cancer yeganda?

Unofanira kuona chiremba chero nguva paunoona chitsva kana chinhu chinoshingaira paganda rako. Kuonekwa pakutanga kunoita kuti kurapwa kuve kwakanyanya kushanda uye kusina kuoma.

Rongedza musangano kana ukaona chero chinhu chiri kukura, kubuda ropa, kukwenya, kana kuchinja ruvara. Kunyangwe uchifunga kuti zvinogona kunge zvisina chinhu, zviri nani nguva dzose kuva nerunyararo rwepfungwa.

Ona chiremba pakarepo kana uine mole kana chinhu chinorwadza, chine muganhu usingajairiki, kana kutanga kubuda ropa kana kubuda. Chero chidonda chisingarapiki mukati memavhiki matatu chinodawo kutarisirwa nachiremba.

Kana uine ma moles mazhinji, nhoroondo yemhuri ye cancer yeganda, kana wambova ne cancer yeganda kare, funga nezvekutarisa ganda gore negore ne dermatologist. Aya maonero ekutanga anogona kubata matambudziko usati asvika pamwero wakakomba.

Ndeapi njodzi dze cancer yeganda?

Zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinogona kuwedzera mikana yako yekuwana cancer yeganda, asi kuva nenjodzi hazvirevi kuti uchawana kenza. Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kunokubatsira kutarisira ganda rako zvirinani.

Njodzi dzakajairika dzinosanganisira:

• Ganda rakajeka, bvudzi rakajeka, uye maziso akajeka
• Nhoroondo ye sunburns kana kuonekwa kwezuva kwakanyanya
• Ma moles mazhinji kana ma moles asingawanzoitika
• Nhoroondo yemhuri ye cancer yeganda
• Nhoroondo yako pachako ye cancer yeganda
• Sisitimu yekudzivirira yakasimba
• Makore anopfuura 50
• Murume (varume vanowana cancer yeganda zvishoma nezvishoma)

Zvimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzoitika zvinosanganisira kuonekwa kune radiation, zvimwe zvinhu, kana kuva wamboita opresheni yekudyara nhengo. Vanhu vane zvimwe zvirwere zvemageneti senge albinism kana xeroderma pigmentosum vane njodzi yakakwira zvikuru.

Kuva neganda rakaoma kunopa kuchengetedzwa kwemhando yezvakatipoteredza kubva kune UV radiation, asi cancer yeganda inogona kuitika. Muvanhu vane ganda rakaoma, melanoma kazhinji inoonekwa munzvimbo dzine pigment shoma, senge maoko, pasi petsoka, kana pasi pekunyatsotarisa.

Ndeapi matambudziko anogona kuitika ecancer yeganda?

Mazhinji emakensa eganda anokonzera matambudziko mashoma kana akarapwa pakutanga, asi zvinobatsira kunzwisisa zvingaitika kana kenza ikasiyiwa isina kurapwa. Ruzivo urwu harusi rwekutya, asi kuratidza kuti nei kurapwa nekukurumidza kuchikosha.

Kune basal cell carcinoma, dambudziko guru ndiro kukuvara kwemhando yezvinhu. Kana ikasiyiwa isina kurapwa kwemakore mazhinji, inogona kukura mukati meganda, tsandanyama, uye kunyange mapfupa, ichikonzera kukuvara munzvimbo yakabatwa.

Squamous cell carcinoma inogona kupararira kune lymph nodes iri pedyo uye, zvishoma, kune dzimwe nhengo. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana kenza ikasiyiwa kwenguva yakareba kana ikaitika munzvimbo dzine njodzi senge miromo, nzeve, kana nhengo dzepabonde.

Matambudziko eMelanoma anogona kuva akakomba zvikuru nekuti kenza iyi inogona kupararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri wako, kusanganisira nhengo dzakakosha senge chiropa, mapapu, kana uropi. Zvisinei, kufambira mberi uku kunowanzoita nguva, ndosaka kuonekwa pakutanga kwakakosha kwazvo.

Muitiko ushoma, kukuvara kwakanyanya kwezuva kunogona kukonzera kuti makensa mazhinji eganda awanikwe nekufamba kwenguva. Vamwe vanhu vanonzwawo kuora kana kuchinja kwemavara eganda mushure mekurapwa, kunyangwe nzira dzazvino dzinoderedza zvinhu izvi.

Cancer yeganda inogona kudzivirirwa sei?

Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti cancer yeganda inogona kudzivirirwa zvikuru nemamwe maitiro ari nyore ezuva nezuva. Mazhinji emaitiro ekudzivirira anotarisa pakuchengetedza ganda rako kubva kune UV radiation.

Chirongwa chako chekuchengetedza zuva chezuva chinofanira kusanganisira:

• Kushandisa sunscreen yakafara-spectrum ine SPF 30 kana yakakwira zuva nezuva
• Kuisa sunscreen maawa maviri ega ega uye mushure mekushambira kana kuita zvemitambo
• Kutsvaga mumvuri panguva dzezuva (10 AM kusvika 4 PM)
• Kupfeka mbatya dzinodzivirira, makavha ane mahombekombe akareba, uye magirazi anodzivirira UV
• Kudzivisa mabhedha ekuve nechiedza chezuva zvachose

Kuongorora kwemwedzi wega wega kunokubatsira kuziva ganda rako uye kuona chero shanduko pakutanga. Shandisa giraidhi kuti uongorore nzvimbo dzisingaonekwi nyore, kana kukumbira nhengo yemhuri kuti ikubatsire.

Kuongororwa kwakanaka kwemhando yeganda kunokosha zvikuru kana uine njodzi. Chiremba wako anogona kuona shanduko dzisingaonekwi kwauri uye kupa mazano ekudzivirira akakodzera.

Cancer yeganda inoongororwa sei?

Kuongorora cancer yeganda kazhinji kunotanga nekuongororwa kwemaziso nachiremba wako kana dermatologist. Vachatarisa nzvimbo inotyisa uye vanogona kushandisa chishandiso chekuwedzera chinonzi dermatoscope.

Kana chinhu chacho chiri kunetseka, chiremba wako achaita biopsy. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubvisa chikamu chidiki chetishu inotyisa, iyo inoongororwa pasi pemikroskopu nesainzi anonzi pathologist.

Kune marudzi akawanda e biopsies, zvichienderana nehukuru uye nzvimbo yechinhu. Shave biopsy inobvisa mapazi epamusoro, nepo punch biopsy ichitora sampuli yakadzika, yakakomberedzwa. Excisional biopsy inobvisa nzvimbo yese inotyisa.

Mhinduro dze biopsy kazhinji dzinodzoka mukati mevhiki kana maviri. Kana kenza ikawanikwa, bvunzo dzakawanda dzinogona kudiwa kuti dzizive kana yakapararira, kunyanya kune melanoma.

Kurapa kwe cancer yeganda ndekupi?

Kurapa kwe cancer yeganda kunoenderana nerudzi, kukura, nzvimbo, uye nhanho yekenza. Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti mazhinji emakensa eganda anogona kurapwa zvachose nemabatiro ari nyore.

Kune basal uye squamous cell carcinomas, kurapwa kwakajairika kunosanganisira:

• Surgical excision: Kukamura tumor nekumucheto kwezvinhu zvakasimba
• Mohs surgery: Kubvisa kenza zvishoma nezvishoma uchiongorora mahombekombe
• Cryotherapy: Kufungisa masero ekensa ne liquid nitrogen
• Electrodesiccation uye curettage: Kukwenya uye kupisa tumor
• Mishonga yekunze kune makensa ekutanga kana ari pamusoro

Kurapa kweMelanoma kazhinji kunosanganisira kubviswa kwemhando yezvinhu nemahombekombe akakura. Kana melanoma yakapararira, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira immunotherapy, targeted therapy, chemotherapy, kana radiation therapy.

Kurapwa kwakawanda kwe cancer yeganda kunogona kuitwa muhofisi yechiremba wako ne local anesthesia. Kupora kunowanzoita nekukurumidza, nevanhu vazhinji vanodzokera kumabasa avo emazuva ese mukati memavhiki mashoma kusvika kumavhiki.

Maitiro ekutarisira iwe pachako panguva yekurapwa kwe cancer yeganda?

Kutarisira iwe pachako panguva yekurapwa kunobatsira muviri wako kupora uye kunogona kuita kuti maitiro ave akanaka. Mazhinji ekurapa kwe cancer yeganda ndiwo maitiro ekunze ane nguva shoma yekuzorora.

Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, chengetedza ronda racho rakajeka uye rakaoma sezvakarayirwa nachiremba wako. Iwe uchava nemirayiridzo chaiyo pamusoro pekuchinja mabhandeji uye kana iwe uchigona kushambira kana kugeza.

Chengetedza nzvimbo yakarapwa kubva kune kuonekwa kwezuva panguva yekupora, sezvo ganda idzva rinonzwa zvikuru. Shandisa mafuta akajeka, asina kunhuhwirira kuchengetedza nzvimbo yacho ichifadza sezvo ichipora.

Tarisa zviratidzo zvehutachiona senge kuwedzera kutsvuku, kupisa, kuzvimba, kana pus. Taura nachiremba wako kana ukaona chero shanduko dzinotyisa kana kurwadziwa kukura zvakanyanya mushure memazuva ekutanga.

Idya chikafu chine hutano chine michero nemiriwo kubatsira sisitimu yako yekudzivirira uye kupora. Gara wakanyorova uye zorora zvakakwana kubatsira muviri wako kupora zvinobudirira.

Unofanira kugadzirira sei musangano wako nachiremba?

Kugadzirira musangano wako kunobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti unowana zvakanyanya kubva kumushumo wako uye kupa chiremba wako ruzivo runobatsira. Kugadzirira zvishoma kunogona kuderedza chero kunetseka kwaunogona kuve nako.

Usati wasvika, nyora pasi kana wakazviona kekutanga uye chero shanduko dzawakaona. Tora mifananidzo kana chinhu chiri munzvimbo yakaoma kuona, sezvo izvi zvichigona kubatsira chiremba wako kutevera shanduko nekufamba kwenguva.

Gadzira runyorwa rwemishonga yese, zvinowedzerwa, uye mavhitamini aunotora. Cherechedzawo nhoroondo yemhuri ye cancer yeganda kana mamwe makensa, sezvo ruzivo urwu ruchibatsira kutungamira kutarisirwa kwako.

Gadzira mibvunzo yaunoda kubvunza, senge kuti ndeipi mikana yekurapa iripo, zvekutarisira panguva yekupora, uye kazhinji ungada kuongororwa zvakare. Usazengurire kubvunza nezve chero chinhu chinokunetsa.

Svika usina makeup, nail polish, kana zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kuongororwa. Pfeka mbatya dzakakodzera dzinoita kuti zvive nyore kuwana nzvimbo inotyisa.

Chii chinonyanya kukosha pamusoro pe cancer yeganda?

Cancer yeganda yakajairika, asi inorapika zvikuru kana ikaonekwa pakutanga. Chinhu chakakosha chaunogona kuita ndechekutarisa ganda rako uye kuona chiremba nekukurumidza kana ukaona chero shanduko.

Kuchengetedza zuva zuva nezuva ndiro dziviriro yako yakanakisa pakukura kwe cancer yeganda pakutanga. Maitiro ari nyore senge kupfeka sunscreen uye mbatya dzinodzivirira zvinogona kuderedza njodzi yako zvakanyanya.

Rangarira kuti kuva nechinhu chinotyisa hazvirevi kuti une kenza. Shanduko dzakawanda dzeganda hadzina njodzi, asi chiremba chete ndiye anogona kuita izvozvo zvakachengeteka.

Kana wakazivikanwa ne cancer yeganda, ziva kuti kurapwa kunoshanda zvikuru, kunyanya kana kenza ikaonekwa pakutanga. Vanhu vazhinji vanorarama hupenyu hwakanaka, hune hutano mushure mekurapwa.

Mibvunzo inobvunzwa kazhinji pamusoro pe cancer yeganda

Cancer yeganda inogona kuoneka munzvimbo dzisingawanzotarirwi nezuva here?

Hungu, cancer yeganda inogona kukura munzvimbo dzisingawanzotarirwi nezuva, kusanganisira pakati pezvigunwe, pamaoko, pasi petsoka, uye kunyange pasi pekunyatsotarisa. Kunyangwe kuonekwa kwezuva kuri chikonzero chikuru, zvimwe zvinhu senge mageneti, mamiriro esisitimu yekudzivirira, uye kuonekwa kwe radiation kare zvinogona kuita basa. Ndosaka kuongororwa kwese kwemuviri kwakakosha, kwete kungoongorora nzvimbo dzakatariswa nezuva.

Cancer yeganda inopararira nekukurumidza sei?

Kukurumidza kunoenderana zvikuru nerudzi. Basal cell carcinoma inokura zvishoma nezvishoma pamwedzi kana makore uye haina kupararira. Squamous cell carcinoma inokura nekukurumidza asi inowanzoita mwedzi kuti ikure. Melanoma inogona kupararira nekukurumidza, ndosaka kuongororwa nekukurumidza kwema moles anochinja kwakakosha. Zvisinei, mazhinji emakensa eganda anokura zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichikupa nguva yekutsvaga kurapwa.

Cancer yeganda inogona kuve nhaka here?

Kunyangwe mazhinji emakensa eganda achibva pakukuvara kwezuva, mageneti ane basa. Kuva nemuenzi kana munun'una ane melanoma kuwedzera njodzi yako, uye zvimwe zvirwere zvemageneti zvinowedzera njodzi ye cancer yeganda zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, nhoroondo yemhuri haigone kuvimbiswa kuti uchawana cancer yeganda. Pasinei nenjodzi yako yemageneti, kuchengetedza zuva uye kuongororwa kwakajairika kwemhando yeganda zvinoramba zviri zano rako rakanakisa rekudzivirira.

Musiyano uri pakati pe mole ine kenza ne mole yakajairika chii?

Ma moles akajairika kazhinji akaenzana, ane miganhu yakapfava, ruvara rwakafanana, ari madiki kupfuura eraser yepensiri, uye anoramba akasimba nekufamba kwenguva. Ma moles anotyisa angave asina kuenzana, ane miganhu isina kujairika, mavara akawanda, ari makuru kupfuura 6mm, kana kuratidza shanduko muhukuru, chimiro, kana ruvara. Mutemo weABCDE unobatsira kuziva ma moles anogona kuva nematambudziko, asi chero mole inochinja inofanira kuongororwa nachiremba.

Vanhu vane ganda rakaoma vanogona kuwana cancer yeganda here?

Hungu, vanhu vane ganda rakaoma vanogona kuwana cancer yeganda, kunyangwe njodzi yavo iri pasi nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwemhando yezvakatipoteredza kubva kune melanin. Kana cancer yeganda ikaitika muvanhu vane ganda rakaoma, kazhinji inowanikwa munzvimbo dzine pigment shoma senge maoko, pasi petsoka, mabhedi enzara, uye mucous membranes. Zvinosuwisa kuti cancer yeganda muvanhu vane ganda rakaoma kazhinji inoonekwa panguva dzakapfuura, zvichiita kuti kuziva uye kuonekwa pakutanga zvikuru.