Chii chinonzi Spina Bifida? Zviratidzo, Zvinokonzera, & Kurapa

Spina bifida chirwere chekuberekwa apo musana haugadzirwe zvizere panguva yekuzvitakura. Izvi zvinoitika kana tube ye neural, iyo inoita kuti ive spinal cord nehuropi, isingavhariki zvakakwana mumwedzi wokutanga wekuzvitakura.

Zita iri rinoreva "musana wakakamurwa" muchiLatin. Kunyange izvi zvinganzwa zvichitya, vanhu vakawanda vane spina bifida vanorarama hupenyu hwazvo hwese, hwakazara, hwakanangana nekurapa kwakakodzera nekutsigirwa. Chirwere ichi chinoita kuti munhu wese ave akasiyana, kubva kune zviitiko zvishoma zvausingatombooni kusvika kune zvakaoma zvinoda kutarisirwa kwenguva refu.

Ndeapi marudzi eSpina Bifida?

Kune marudzi matatu makuru e spina bifida, imwe neimwe ichikanganisa musana nenzira dzakasiyana. Kunzwisisa marudzi aya kunobatsira kutsanangura kuti nei zviratidzo zvichisiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune munhu mumwe chete.

Spina bifida occulta ndiyo fomu yakapfava. Pano, pane chinhambwe chidiki mumusana, asi spinal cord nemitsipa kazhinji inowanzova yakajairwa. Vanhu vazhinji havazivi kuti vane izvi nekuti zvisingawanzoitika zvinokonzera matambudziko. Ungangozviziva chete panguva ye X-ray yechimwe chinhu.

Meningocele inosanganisira bhegi remvura inomanikidza kuburikidza nekuvhurwa mumusana. Spinal cord pachayo inoramba iripo, ndosaka rudzi urwu kazhinji rusingakonzere matambudziko akawanda. Bhegi rinoratidzika sekuzvimba kumashure kwavanachiremba vanogona kugadzirisa nekurapa.

Myelomeningocele ndiyo fomu yakakomba zvikuru. Zvose spinal cord nemitsipa zvinomanikidza kuburikidza nekuvhurwa, zvichiita bhegi kumashure. Fomu iyi kazhinji inokonzera matambudziko makuru nekuti spinal cord yakaratidzwa inogona kukuvadzwa.

Ndeapi zviratidzo zveSpina Bifida?

Zviratidzo zvaunogona kuona zvinoenderana zvachose nerudzi rwe spina bifida munhu ane uye kwaari mumusana. Ndichakuendesa kuburikidza nezvinowanzocherechedzwa nemhuri.

Ye spina bifida occulta, zviratidzo kazhinji zvinenge zvishoma kana kuti hazvisipo. Vamwe vanhu vangave ne dimple diki, bvudzi, kana chiratidzo chekuberekwa pamusoro penyaya yemusana kwaari gap iri. Vanhu vazhinji vane rudzi urwu vanorarama hupenyu hwakanaka zvachose pasina matambudziko.

Ne meningocele, chiratidzo chakajeka ndicho bhegi rinokwira kumashure, kazhinji rinofukidzwa neganda. Kuenda uye kutonga kwematumbo kazhinji kunowanzova kwakajairwa, kunyange vamwe vanhu vangave nematambudziko maduku ekurongeka kana kusiyana kwekuziva.

Myelomeningocele inoratidza zviratidzo zvinonyanya kuonekwa izvo mhuri kazhinji dzinoona pakutanga. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kushaya simba kana kuora mhasuru mumakumbo, kuoma nekutonga kwematumbo nemarara, uye matambudziko nekuenda. Danho remusana kwaari kuvhurwa kuri kunoona kuti mabasa api akakanganiswa.

Vamwe vana vane zvimwe zvakakomba vangavewo vane hydrocephalus, uko mvura inoungana muuropi. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti musoro uoneke ukuru kupfuura zvakajairwa uye zvinogona kukanganisa kudzidza nekukura.

Chii chinokonzera Spina Bifida?

Spina bifida inoitika kana tube ye neural isingavhariki zvakakwana mukati memwedzi wokutanga wekuzvitakura, kazhinji usati wazivana kuti uri nepamuviri. Chikonzero chaicho cheizvi hachisi pachena nguva dzose, asi zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinogona kuwedzera mukana.

Kushayikwa kwe folic acid ndicho chikonzero chakanzwisisika zvikuru. Iyi vitamin B inokosha pakukura kwakakodzera kwe neural tube. Kana pasina folic acid yakakwana panguva yekuzvitakura kwekutanga, mukana we spina bifida unowedzera zvakanyanya. Ndosaka vanachiremba vachikurudzira folic acid supplements kune vakadzi vanogona kuva nepamuviri.

Genetics zvinoramba zvichiita basa, kunyange spina bifida isingagari nhaka zvakananga sekuruvara kwemaziso. Kana uine mwana mumwe chete ane spina bifida, mukana wekuva nemwana mumwe akakanganiswa wakakwirira zvishoma kupfuura avhareji. Kuva nemhuri ine nhoroondo ye neural tube defects kunogonawo kuwedzera njodzi.

Mishonga yakati wandei inogona kukanganisa kuti muviri unoshandisa sei folic acid. Mishonga yekurwisa kurwara, kunyanya valproic acid, inogona kuwedzera njodzi. Kana uchitora mishonga iyi uye uri kuronga pamuviri, taura nachiremba wako nezve sarudzo dzakachengeteka.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuita kuti zviwedzere zvinosanganisira chirwere cheshuga chisingadzoreki zvakanaka panguva yekuzvitakura, kuzara, uye tembiricha yepamusoro yemuviri kubva kumusoro kana kushandisa hot tub panguva yekuzvitakura kwekutanga. Nekudaro, vana vazhinji vane spina bifida vanoberekwa kunaamai vasina chero chezvinhu izvi zvinokonzera njodzi.

Ndeapi njodzi dzeSpina Bifida?

Kunzwisisa njodzi kunogona kukubatsira kuita sarudzo dzakachenjera, kunyanya kana uri kuronga pamuviri. Yeuka kuti kuva nenjodzi hazvirevi kuti spina bifida ichaitika zvechokwadi.

Njodzi huru ndeyekusatora folic acid yakakwana usati watanga uye panguva yekuzvitakura kwekutanga. Muviri wako unoda iyi vitamin kuti ubatsire neural tube kuvharwa zvakakodzera. Vakadzi vasina kutora folic acid supplements kana kudya zvokudya zvine folate vane njodzi yakakwirira.

Kuzvitakura kwapfuura ne neural tube defect kunowedzera njodzi yako yekuzvitakura kwenguva yemberi. Kana uine mwana ane spina bifida, chiremba wako achakurudzira zvikamu zvakakwirira zve folic acid kune ramangwana pamuviri uye anogona kukurudzira bvunzo yakawedzerwa.

Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogonawo kuwedzera njodzi. Chirwere cheshuga chisingadzoreki zvakanaka panguva yekuzvitakura chinoita kuti mwana akure sei. Zvimwe zvirwere zvemajini zvinoita kuti muviri wako ushandise folate zvinogonawo kuita kuti njodzi iwedzere.

Zera nemarudzi anoita basa duku. Vakadzi vari pasi pemakore 20 nemakore anopfuura 35 vane njodzi yakakwirira zvishoma, uye vakadzi veHispanic vane huwandu hwakakwirira hwe neural tube defects kana tichienzanisa nemamwe marudzi. Nekudaro, zvinhu izvi zvishoma zvakakosha kupfuura kutora folic acid.

Rini unofanira kuona chiremba nezve Spina Bifida?

Kana uri nepamuviri, kutarisirwa kwenguva dzose kwekuzvitakura kunosanganisira kuongororwa kwe spina bifida. Chiremba wako achapa bvunzo yeropa ne ultrasounds inogona kuona neural tube defects pakutanga kwekuzvitakura, kazhinji pakati pevhiki 15-20.

Kune mhuri ine mwana ane spina bifida, kutarisirwa kwakajairwa kwemishonga kunokosha. Uchada kuona timu yemwana wako yekurapa kana ukaona kuchinja mukuenda, kushaya simba kwitsva mumakumbo, kana matambudziko ekutonga kwematumbo kana marara anoratidzika akasiyana nemazuva ose.

Zviratidzo zvinoda kutarisirwa kwemishonga nekukurumidza zvinosanganisira kurwadziwa kwemusoro kwakanyanya, kurutsa, kuchinja kwekuona, kana kusurukirwa kwakasiyana. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza matambudziko akadai se hydrocephalus kana matambudziko eshunt anoda kurapwa nekukurumidza.

Kana uri kuronga pamuviri uye une njodzi, taura nachiremba wako usati watanga kuedza kuva nepamuviri. Vanogona kukubatsira kugadzirisa hutano hwako uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti uri kutora folic acid yakakwana.

Ndeapi matambudziko anogona kuitika eSpina Bifida?

Kunyangwe kufunga nezve matambudziko kunogona kunzwa kuchinetesa, kunzwisisa kunokubatsira kuziva zvekutarisa uye kuti mapoka ekurapa anogona sei kubatsira kudzora zvakakodzera.

Hydrocephalus chimwe chezvinhu zvakajairika zvinokonzera matambudziko, zvichiita kuti vana vanenge 80% vane myelomeningocele. Izvi zvinoitika kana mvura yemusana ichivakwa muuropi, zvichiita kuti pave nekunetseka kwekuvandudzika kana matambudziko ekudzidza. Shunts dzakagadzirwa nekuvhiya dzinogona kudzora mamiriro ezvinhu aya zvakanaka muzviitiko zvakawanda.

Matambudziko ekufamba anosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nekwakakanganiswa musana. Vamwe vana vanoenda vega, vamwe vanoshandisa mabhuresi kana vokuenda, uye vamwe vanoshandisa macheya. Kurapa kwemuviri uye midziyo inogadzirwa inobatsira kuwedzera kuzvimiririra pasinei nekuenda.

Matambudziko ekutonga kwematumbo nemarara akajairika nemafomu akakomba. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti mitsipa inodzora mabasa aya inogona kukanganiswa. Nzira dzakawanda dzekudzora, kusanganisira mishonga ne catheterization, dzinogona kubatsira vanhu kurarama zvakanaka uye nechivimbo.

Kusiyana kwekuziva kunoitika kune vamwe vana, kunyanya avo vane hydrocephalus. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuoma nekunyatsoteerera, kuita basa, kana kuronga mabasa. Kuita zvinhu pakutanga nekutsigirwa kwekurima kunogona kuita musiyano mukuru mukubudirira kwechikoro.

Matambudziko asingawanzoitiki anosanganisira matambudziko eganda kubva pakuona kushoma, matambudziko emapfupa akadai se scoliosis kana matambudziko ehip, uye kushaya simba kwe latex kubva pakurapwa kwakawanda. Timu yako yekurapa ichaongorora izvi uye ichapa kutarisirwa kwakakodzera kana zvichidiwa.

Spina Bifida inogona sei kudzivirirwa?

Nzira inonyanya kushanda yekudzivirira spina bifida ndeyekutora folic acid usati watanga uye panguva yekuzvitakura kwekutanga. Danho iri rakareruka rinogona kuderedza njodzi ye neural tube defects kusvika ku 70%.

Vakadzi vose vane makore ekubereka vanofanira kutora 400 micrograms ye folic acid zuva nezuva, kunyange kana vasiri kuronga pamuviri. Sezvo kukura kwe neural tube kunoitika pakutanga, kazhinji usati wazivana kuti uri nepamuviri, kuva nemapoka akakwana e folic acid usati watanga kunokosha.

Kana uine pamuviri yapfuura yakakanganiswa ne spina bifida, chiremba wako achakurudzira chikamu chakakwirira che folic acid, kazhinji 4,000 micrograms zuva nezuva, kutanga kamwe chete pamwedzi usati watanga kuita zvepabonde. Iyi dose yakakwirira inoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekudzoka.

Kudya zvokudya zvine folate zvinobatsirawo, kunyange zvakaoma kuwana zvakakwana kubva muzvokudya chete. Zvinhu zvakanaka zvinosanganisira miriwo yakasvibira, michero ye citrus, nzungu, uye zviyo zvakasimbiswa. Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zveupfu zvinosimbiswa ne folic acid chaiyo kubatsira kudzivirira neural tube defects.

Kudzorera zvimwe zvirwere usati watanga pamuviri kunokoshawo. Kana uine chirwere cheshuga, shanda nachiremba wako kuti uwane kudzora kwakanaka kweglucose usati watanga kuita zvepabonde. Dzivisa mishonga inokanganisa folic acid kunze kwekunge zvichidikanwa, uye kurukura nezvimwe zvinhu nachiremba wako.

Spina Bifida inoziviswa sei?

Spina bifida kazhinji inozivikanwa panguva yekuzvitakura kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwenguva dzose kwekuzvitakura, kunyange dzimwe nguva inowanikwa pakuva nepamuviri kana kunyange gare gare muhupenyu hwezviitiko zvishoma.

Panguva yekuzvitakura, chiremba wako achapa bvunzo yeropa inonzi AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) screening pakati pevhiki 15-20. Zvikamu zvakakwirira kupfuura zvakajairwa zvinogona kuratidza neural tube defect. Kana bvunzo iyi ikaratidza zvikamu zvakakwirira, chiremba wako achakurudzira bvunzo yakawedzerwa kuti awane mufananidzo wakajeka.

Ultrasound imaging inopa maonero akakwana emwana wako ari kukura musana uye inogona kazhinji kuona spina bifida zvakananga. Ultrasounds dzakakwirira-resolution dzinogona kuratidza kuvhurwa mumusana uye kubatsira kuona rudzi uye kukomba kwechirwere ichi.

Amniocentesis, uko huwandu hudiki hwemvura yemukati hunoongororwa, hunogona kusimbisa chirwere ichi uye kupa ruzivo rwakawedzerwa nezve mamiriro emwana. Bvunzo iyi kazhinji inopiwa kana bvunzo dzakawedzerwa dzikaratidza matambudziko anogona kuitika.

Mushure mekuberekwa, vanachiremba vanogona kazhinji kuona spina bifida nekuongororwa kwemuviri. Vachatarisa zviratidzo zvinooneka senge bhegi kumashure kana kuchinja kwe ganda pamusana. Bvunzo dzakawedzerwa senge MRI kana CT scans dzinobatsira kuona huwandu hwechirwere ichi uye kuronga kurapa.

Kurapa kweSpina Bifida ndekupi?

Kurapa kwe spina bifida kunoenderana nerudzi nekukomba, asi chinangwa nguva dzose ndechekubatsira vanhu kurarama zvakazvimirira uye zvakanaka sezvinobvira.

Ye spina bifida occulta, kurapa kazhinji hakudikanwi sezvo iyi fomu yakapfava isingawanzoitika matambudziko. Chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kuongororwa panguva yehudiki kuti atarise chero kuchinja, asi vanhu vazhinji havadi kurapwa kwakakosha.

Meningocele kazhinji inoda kuvhiya kuvharisa kuvhurwa uye kubvisa bhegi rakazara nemvura. Kuvhiya uku kazhinji kunobudirira, uye vana kazhinji vanokura zvakanaka mushure mezvo nemigumisiro shoma yehupenyu hurefu.

Myelomeningocele inoda kutarisirwa kwakakwana kutanga pakarepo mushure mekuberekwa. Kuvhiya mukati memazuva mashoma ekutanga ehupenyu kunovhara kuvhurwa kudzivirira hutachiona nekuvadza kwemitsipa. Mamwe ma centers ekurapa anopa kuvhiya kwefetal panguva yekuzvitakura, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza migumisiro yevana vakati wandei.

Kana hydrocephalus ikakura, vanachirurgi vanoisa system yeshunt kudurura mvura yakawandisa kubva muuropi. Iyi tube diki inotungamira mvura kune imwe chikamu chemuviri kwaingogona kunyura zvakachengeteka. Kuongororwa kwenguva dzose kunoita kuti shunt irambe ichishanda zvakanaka.

Kurapa kwemuviri kunotanga pakutanga uye kunoramba kuripo panguva yehudiki uye kupfuura. Vanachiremba vanobatsira vana kukura simba, kurongeka, uye hunyanzvi hwekufamba. Vanodzidzisawo mhuri maekisesaizi nematekiniki ekutsigira kukura kwemwana wavo pamba.

Occupational therapy inotarisa pane hunyanzvi hwekurima hwezuva nezuva, kubatsira vana kudzidza kupfeka, kudya, uye kudzora mabasa ekuzvichengeta zvakazvimirira. Vanachiremba vanokurudzirawo midziyo inogadzirwa inoita kuti mabasa ezuva nezuva ave nyore uye ari nyore kudzora.

Ungadzorera sei Spina Bifida pamba?

Kudzorera spina bifida pamba kunosanganisira kugadzira maitiro anotsigira hutano hwemwana wako nekuzvimirira uchichengeta hupenyu hwemhuri hwakanaka.

Kutarisira ganda kunokosha zvikuru kune vana vane kunzwa kushoma mumakumbo avo. Tarisa zuva nezuva kuti uone kana paine makatsi, mabhuru, kana maronda, kunyanya kana mwana wako achishandisa mabhuresi kana chigaro chekuenda. Chengeta ganda rakaoma uye rakaoma, uye ita shuwa kuti shangu dzakakodzera kudzivirira kukuvara.

Kudzorera kwematumbo nemarara kunova chikamu chezuva rako nezuva. Vana vazhinji vanodzidza kushandisa catheters kana kutevera maitiro ekushandisa imba yekugezera. Shanda nechikwata chako chekurapa kuti uwane nzira inoshanda zvakanaka kwemwana wako nemhuri yako.

Kuita maekisesaizi nemabasa emuviri kunokosha pakuchengetedza simba uye kudzivirira matambudziko. Kushambira kazhinji kunowanzova kurovedza muviri kwakanaka kune vana vane spina bifida, sezvo kusimbisa pasina kuisa kumanikidza pamasumbu. Kurudzira mabasa akakodzera ezera anomufadza mwana wako.

Tarisa zviratidzo zvinogona kuratidza matambudziko, akadai sekuchinja kwemufambiro, kushaya simba kwitsva, kana matambudziko ekushanda kweshunt kana mwana wako aine imwe. Vimba nepfungwa dzako semubereki - unoziva mwana wako zviri nani uye unogona kazhinji kuona kuchinja usati vamwe vachiona.

Chengeta misangano yemishonga nguva dzose kunyangwe zvese zvichiita sekufamba zvakanaka. Timu yemwana wako yekurapa inogona kubata matambudziko anogona kuitika pakutanga uye kugadzirisa kurapa sezvo mwana wako achikura uye achikura.

Ungagadzirira sei misangano yako yechiremba?

Kugadzirira misangano yemishonga kunobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti unowana zvakanyanya kubva panguva yako nechikwata chekurapa uye usakanganwa mibvunzo yakakosha kana zvinetso.

Chengeta rondedzero ye chero kuchinja kwaona mumwana wako mamiriro, kusanganisira zviratidzo zvitsva, kuchinja mukuenda, kana kusiyana mumaitiro ematumbo kana marara. Kunyange kuchinja kudiki kunogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha kune timu yako yekurapa.

Uya nerondedzero yazvino yemishonga yese, kusanganisira zvikamu uye kuti inotorwa sei kazhinji. Sanganisira chero zvinowedzerwa kana mishonga isina kunyorwa nachiremba inotorwa nemwana wako nguva dzose.

Nyora mibvunzo usati waenda kumusangano. Zviri nyore kukanganwa zvawaida kubvunza kana uri kufunga nezvezviri kutaurwa nachiremba. Usanetseka kukumbira kuti ujekese kana usinganzwisisi chimwe chinhu.

Kana mwana wako ane shunt, gara wakagadzirira kutaura nezve chero zviratidzo zvinogona kuratidza matambudziko, akadai sekurwadziwa kwemusoro, kurutsa, kana kuchinja kwemufambiro. Kucherechedza kwako pamba kunokosha pakutarisa kushanda kweshunt.

Funga nezvekutora nhengo yemhuri kana shamwari kumisangano yakakosha. Vanogona kukubatsira kuyeuka zvakataurwa uye kupa rutsigiro panguva yekushanya kunogona kunetsa.

Chii chinonyanya kukosha nezve Spina Bifida?

Spina bifida chirwere chinogona kudzorwa chinoita kuti munhu wese ave akasiyana, uye nekurapa kwakakodzera nekutsigirwa, vanhu vane spina bifida vanogona kurarama hupenyu hunofadza, hwazvimiririra.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chekuyeuka ndechekuti kudzivirira kunogoneka. Kutora folic acid usati watanga uye panguva yekuzvitakura kwekutanga kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi ye neural tube defects. Kana uri kuronga pamuviri, tanga kutora folic acid supplements izvozvi.

Kune mhuri dzinorarama ne spina bifida, yeuka kuti hausi wega. Kuenderera mberi mukurapa kuri kuvandudza migumisiro, uye mapoka ekurapa akakwana aripo kukutsigira iwe nemwana wako. Kuita zvinhu pakutanga nekurapa kwenguva dzose kunoita musiyano mukuru mumigumisiro yehupenyu hurefu.

Mwana wese ane spina bifida ane simba nematambudziko akasiyana. Tarisa pane zvinogona kuitwa nemwana wako panzvimbo pemiganhu, uye shanda nechikwata chako chekurapa kuti uwedzere kuzvimiririra uye hupenyu hwakanaka.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve Spina Bifida

Q1: Vanhu vane spina bifida vanogona kuva nevana here?

Hongu, vanhu vakawanda vane spina bifida vanogona kuva nevana. Kubereka kazhinji kunowanzova kwakajairwa, kunyange zvimwe zvinhu zvekuzvitakura nekuberekwa zvingada kutarisirwa kwakakosha kwemishonga. Vakadzi vane spina bifida vanofanira kushanda pedyo nechikwata chavo chekurapa pavanenge vachironga pamuviri kuti vaone kuti migumisiro yakanaka kune amai nemwana.

Q2: Mwana wangu ane spina bifida achakwanisa kuenda here?

Kuenda kunoenderana nerudzi nenzvimbo ye spina bifida. Vana vazhinji vane mafomu akapfava vanoenda zvakanaka, nepo vamwe vangashandisa mabhuresi, vokuenda, kana macheya. Kurapa kwemuviri nemidziyo inogadzirwa kunogona kubatsira kuwedzera kufamba nekuzvimiririra pasinei nekuenda.

Q3: Vanhu vane spina bifida vanorarama kwenguva yakareba sei?

Nekurapa kwakakodzera, vanhu vazhinji vane spina bifida vane hupenyu hwenguva refu kana hwakafanana nehupenyu hwenguva refu. Kuenderera mberi mukurapa, kunyanya pakudzora hydrocephalus uye kudzivirira matambudziko, kwakavandudza zvakanyanya migumisiro yehupenyu hurefu mumakore mashoma apfuura.

Q4: Spina bifida inogona kurapwa here?

Spina bifida haigone kurapwa, asi inogona kudzorwa zvakanaka. Kuvhiya kunogona kuvharisa kuvhurwa mumusana uye kurapa matambudziko akadai se hydrocephalus. Kurapa kwakasiyana-siyana ne kurapa kunobatsira vanhu vane spina bifida kurarama zvakazvimiririra uye kudzora chero matambudziko anouya.

Q5: Spina bifida inogara nhaka here?

Spina bifida haigari nhaka zvakananga sezvimwe zvirwere zvemajini, asi kune njodzi yakakwirira zvishoma kana iri mumhuri yako. Kana uine mwana mumwe ane spina bifida, njodzi yekuzvitakura kwenguva yemberi yakakwirira kupfuura avhareji, asi kutora folic acid yakakwirira kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi iyi.