Thyroid Nodules

Zvipuka zve thyroid ndizvo zvidumbu zvakasimba kana kuti zvakazara nemvura zvinoumbwa mukati me thyroid yako, uyo uri musumbu mudiki uri pazasi pehuro yako, pamusoro pechifuva chako.

Matombo mazhinji e thyroid haana zviratidzo kana zvimwe zvirwere. Asi dzimwe nguva mamwe matombo anokura zvokuti anogona:

• Kunzwika
• Kuonekwa, kazhinji semvura iri pasi pe mutsipa wako
• Kudzvanya pa windpipe yako kana esophagus, zvichikonzera kushomeka kwemhepo kana kuoma kumeza

Panyaya dzimwe, matombo e thyroid anogadzira thyroxine yakawanda, hormone inobudiswa ne thyroid gland yako. Thyroxine yakawandisa inogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvekuwanda kwehomoni dze thyroid (hyperthyroidism), dzakadai se:

• Kurasikirwa nehuremu pasina tsananguro
• Kuwedzera kwekuita
• Kuchema
• Kusagadzikana
• Kurova kwemoyo nekukurumidza kana kusina kururama

Chete nhamba shoma yematombo e thyroid ndiyo inokonzera kenza. Asi kuziva kuti matombo api ane kenza hakuitiki nokungotarisa zviratidzo zvako chete. Matombo mazhinji e thyroid ane kenza anokura zvishoma nezvishoma uye anogona kunge ari madiki kana chiremba wako akaawana. Kenza ye thyroid inokurumidza kukura haina kujairika ine matombo anogona kunge ari makuru, akasimba, akabatirira uye anokura nekukurumidza.

Kunyangwe mazhinji emaronda etsinga harisi kenza uye haana matambudziko, bvunza chiremba wako kuti aongorore chero kuzvimba kusina kujairika mumutsipa wako, kunyanya kana uine dambudziko rokufema kana kurova. Zvakakosha kuongorora mukana wekenza.

Tsvaka kurapwa kwechiremba kana ukawana zviratidzo nezvikamu zve hyperthyroidism, zvakadai se:

• Kurasikirwa nekukurumidza kweuremu kunyangwe chido chako chekudya chiri chakajairika kana chakawanda
• Mwoyo unorova zvakasimba
• Dambudziko rokuroora
• Kushaya simba kwemhasuru
• Kusagadzikana kana hasha

Onawo chiremba wako kana uine zviratidzo nezvikamu zvinogona kureva kuti tsinga yako haigadzire homoni inokwana yetsinga (hypothyroidism), izvo zvinosanganisira:

• Kunzwa kutonhora
• Kunzwa kuneta nyore nyore
• Ganda rakanyanya kuoma
• Matambudziko ekurangarira
• Kuora mwoyo
• Kuvimbiswa

Zvirwere zvakati wandei zvinogona kukonzera kuti ma nodules aburuke mu gland yako ye thyroid, kusanganisira:

• Kukura kwakanyanya kwe tishu ye thyroid yakajairwa. Kukura kwakanyanya kwe tishu ye thyroid yakajairwa kunonzi dzimwe nguva thyroid adenoma. Hazvina kujeka kuti izvi zvinoitika sei, asi hachisi kenza uye hachifungidzirwi kuva chakakomba kunze kwekunge chikakonzera zviratidzo zvinonetsa nekukura kwaro.

  Mamwe ma thyroid adenomas anotungamira ku hyperthyroidism.

• Thyroid cyst. Makamuri azere nemvura (cysts) mu thyroid kazhinji anobva ku degenerating thyroid adenomas. Kazhinji, zvinhu zvakasimba zvinosanganiswa nemvura mu thyroid cysts. Cysts kazhinji haisi kenza, asi dzimwe nguva ine zvinhu zvakasimba zvekenza.

• Kutemwa kwenguva refu kwe thyroid. Hosha ye Hashimoto, chirwere che thyroid, inogona kukonzera kuzvimba kwe thyroid uye kuburitsa ma nodules makuru. Izvi kazhinji zvinosanganisirwa ne hypothyroidism.

• Multinodular goiter. Izwi rokuti goiter rinoshandiswa kurondedzera chero kukura kwe gland ye thyroid, izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa nekushaikwa kwe iodine kana chirwere che thyroid. Multinodular goiter ine ma nodules akawanda akasiyana-siyana mukati me goiter, asi chikonzero chayo hachizivikanwi.

• Kenza ye thyroid. Mikana yekuti nodule ive kenza yakaderera. Zvisinei, nodule iri hombe uye yakaoma kana inokonzera kurwadziwa kana kusagadzikana inotyisa zvikuru. Ungada kuizoongororwa nachiremba wako.

  Zvinhu zvimwe zvinosimudzira njodzi yako yekenza ye thyroid, sekunge nhoroondo yemhuri ye thyroid kana mamwe ma endocrine cancers uye kuva nenhoroondo yekuratidzwa kwemwaranzi kubva pakurapa kana kubva pakadonha kwe nyukliya.

• Kushayikwa kwe iodine. Kushayikwa kwe iodine mune zvaunodya kungakonzera kuti gland yako ye thyroid ibudise ma thyroid nodules. Asi kushayikwa kwe iodine hakufungiwi kuUnited States, uko iodine inowedzerwa nguva dzose mumunyu wetafura nezvimwe zvekudya.

Zvinetso zvinowirirana nemamwe ma nodules e thyroid zvinosanganisira:

• Zvinetso pakuruma kana kufema. Ma nodules makuru kana multinodular goiter inogona kukanganisa kuruma kana kufema.

• Hyperthyroidism. Zvinetso zvinogona kuitika kana nodule kana goiter ichigadzira thyroid hormone, zvichiita kuti pave nehomoni yakawanda mumuviri. Hyperthyroidism inogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nehuremu, kushaya simba kwemhasuru, kusashivirira kupisa, nekushushikana kana kushatirwa.

  Zvinetso zvinogona kuitika zve hyperthyroidism zvinosanganisira kurova kwemoyo kusina kururama, mapfupa asina simba uye thyrotoxic crisis, iri ngozi shoma asi inogona kuuraya inowedzera zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvinoda kurapwa nekukurumidza kwechiremba.

• Zvinetso zvine chekuita nekuvhiya kwe thyroid nodule. Kana chiremba wako akakurudzira kuvhiya kubvisa nodule, ungada kutora kurapwa kwehomoni ye thyroid kweupenyu hwako hwese.

Mukutarisa bofu kana nodule muhuro yako, chimwe chezvinangwa zvikuru chechiremba wako ndechekubvisa mukana wekenza. Asi chiremba wako achazoonawo kana thyroid yako iri kushanda zvakanaka. Kuongororwa kunosanganisira:

Kuongororwa kwemuviri. Chiremba wako angakukumbira kuti umira kudya apo iye ari kuongorora thyroid yako nekuti nodule iri mu thyroid gland kazhinji inofamba kumusoro nekudzika panguva yekumera.

Ch iremba wako achaonawo zviratidzo nezvikonzero zve hyperthyroidism, senge tremor, reflexes inoshanda zvakanyanya, uye kurova kwemoyo kunokurumidza kana kusina kururama. Iye achaonawo zviratidzo nezvikonzero zve hypothyroidism, senge kurova kwemoyo kunononoka, ganda rakaoma uye kuzvimba kumeso.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Nodules kazhinji inobayiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hapana kenza iripo. Panguva yekurapa, chiremba wako anopinda nenzira ine tsono yakasimba mu nodule uye anobvisa sampuli yesero.

Kurapa kunowanzoitwa muhofisi yechiremba wako, kunotora anenge maminitsi makumi maviri uye kune njodzi shoma. Kazhinji, chiremba wako anoshandisa ultrasound kuti atungamire kuiswa kwetsono. Chiremba wako anozotumira sampuli ku laboratori kuti aongororwe pasi pe microscope.

Thyroid scan. Chiremba wako angakurudzira thyroid scan kuti akupe ruzivo nezve thyroid nodules. Panguva yekuongororwa uku, isotope ye radioactive iodine inoiswa mumutsinga uri muruoko rwako. Ipapo unovata patafura apo kamera chaiyo inogadzira mufananidzo we thyroid yako pachiratidziri chekombuta.

Nodules inogadzira thyroid hormone yakawanda — inonzi hot nodules — inoratidzwa pane scan nekuti inotora isotope yakawanda kupfuura tishu ye thyroid inowanzoita. Hot nodules kazhinji haina kenza.

Mu zvimwe zviitiko, nodules inotora isotope shoma — inonzi cold nodules — ine kenza. Zvisinei, thyroid scan haigoni kusiyanisa pakati pe cold nodules ine kenza neaya isina kenza.

• Kuongororwa kwemuviri. Chiremba wako angakukumbira kuti umira kudya apo iye ari kuongorora thyroid yako nekuti nodule iri mu thyroid gland kazhinji inofamba kumusoro nekudzika panguva yekumera.

  Ch iremba wako achaonawo zviratidzo nezvikonzero zve hyperthyroidism, senge tremor, reflexes inoshanda zvakanyanya, uye kurova kwemoyo kunokurumidza kana kusina kururama. Iye achaonawo zviratidzo nezvikonzero zve hypothyroidism, senge kurova kwemoyo kunononoka, ganda rakaoma uye kuzvimba kumeso.

• Kuongororwa kwe thyroid function. Kuongororwa kunoyera mazinga eropa e thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) uye mahomoni anogadzirwa ne thyroid gland yako kunogona kuratidza kana une hyperthyroidism kana hypothyroidism.

• Ultrasound. Iyi nzira yekuongorora inoshandisa mafungu esound ane simba rakakwirira kugadzira mifananidzo ye thyroid gland yako. Thyroid ultrasound inopa ruzivo rwakanyanya nezve chimiro nechimiro che nodules. Madokota angashandisa kuti aone kusiyana pakati pe cysts ne solid nodules kana kuti aone kana paine nodules dzakawanda. Madokota angazvishandisawo semuenzaniso pakuita fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

• Fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Nodules kazhinji inobayiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hapana kenza iripo. Panguva yekurapa, chiremba wako anopinda nenzira ine tsono yakasimba mu nodule uye anobvisa sampuli yesero.

  Kurapa kunowanzoitwa muhofisi yechiremba wako, kunotora anenge maminitsi makumi maviri uye kune njodzi shoma. Kazhinji, chiremba wako anoshandisa ultrasound kuti atungamire kuiswa kwetsono. Chiremba wako anozotumira sampuli ku laboratori kuti aongororwe pasi pe microscope.

• Thyroid scan. Chiremba wako angakurudzira thyroid scan kuti akupe ruzivo nezve thyroid nodules. Panguva yekuongororwa uku, isotope ye radioactive iodine inoiswa mumutsinga uri muruoko rwako. Ipapo unovata patafura apo kamera chaiyo inogadzira mufananidzo we thyroid yako pachiratidziri chekombuta.

  Nodules inogadzira thyroid hormone yakawanda — inonzi hot nodules — inoratidzwa pane scan nekuti inotora isotope yakawanda kupfuura tishu ye thyroid inowanzoita. Hot nodules kazhinji haina kenza.

  Mu zvimwe zviitiko, nodules inotora isotope shoma — inonzi cold nodules — ine kenza. Zvisinei, thyroid scan haigoni kusiyanisa pakati pe cold nodules ine kenza neaya isina kenza.

Kurapa kunoenderana nerudzi rwenhengo yetitairodi yaunayo.

Kana nhengo yetitairodi isiri kenza, nzira dzekurapa dzinosanganisira:

Kumirira nokungwarira. Kana biopsy ikaratidza kuti une nhengo yetitairodi isiri kenza, chiremba wako angakurudzira kungocherechedza mamiriro ako.

Izvi zvinowanzoita kuti uite bvunzo yemuviri uye bvunzo dzebasa retitairodi panguva dzakatarwa. Zvinogona kusanganisirawo ultrasound. Unogonawo kuita biopsy imwe kana nhengo ikakura. Kana nhengo yetitairodi isina kenza ikasachinja, ungasamboda kurapwa.

Kana nhengo yetitairodi iri kuburitsa mahomoni etitairodi, ichideredza nhanho dzekuita kwehomoni dzetitairodi, chiremba wako angakurudzira kukurapa hyperthyroidism. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:

Kurapa nhengo iri kenza kunowanzoita kuti uite kuvhiya.

Kuvhiya. Kurapa kunozivikanwa kwenhengo dzekenza kubvisa nekuvhiya. Munguva yakapfuura, zvaiva zvakajairwa kubvisa chikamu chikuru chetitairodi — nzira inonzi near-total thyroidectomy. Zvisinei, nhasi kuvhiya kwakaderera kubvisa hafu yetitairodi kungave kwakakodzera kune dzimwe nhengo dzekenza. Near-total thyroidectomy inogona kushandiswa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwerwisano.

Matambudziko ekubviswa kwetitairodi anosanganisira kukuvara kune tsinga inodzora matauriro ako uye kukuvara kune maglands ako eparathyroid — maglands mana madiki ari kumashure kwetitairodi anobatsira kudzora mazinga emuviri weminerari, senge calcium.

Mushure mekubviswa kwetitairodi, uchada kurapwa kwenguva refu ne levothyroxine kuti upe muviri wako hormone yetitairodi. Nyanzvi yako yetitairodi ichakubatsira kuona huwandu hwakakodzera kutora nekuti zvinogona kuda kupfuura kutsiva hormone kudzora njodzi yako yekenza.

• Kumirira nokungwarira. Kana biopsy ikaratidza kuti une nhengo yetitairodi isiri kenza, chiremba wako angakurudzira kungocherechedza mamiriro ako.

  Izvi zvinowanzoita kuti uite bvunzo yemuviri uye bvunzo dzebasa retitairodi panguva dzakatarwa. Zvinogona kusanganisirawo ultrasound. Unogonawo kuita biopsy imwe kana nhengo ikakura. Kana nhengo yetitairodi isina kenza ikasachinja, ungasamboda kurapwa.

• Kurapa kwehomoni yetitairodi. Kana bvunzo yebasa retitairodi yako ikaratidza kuti gland yako haisi kuburitsa hormone yetitairodi yakakwana, chiremba wako angakurudzira kurapwa kwehomoni yetitairodi.

• Kuvhiya. Nhengo isina kenza dzimwe nguva inoda kuvhiya kana yakakura zvokuti zvinonetsa kufema kana kunwa. Vanachiremba vanogonawo kufunga kuvhiya kune vanhu vane goiters huru dzinopfuura imwe, kunyanya kana goiters dzakadzvanya nzira dzekufema, esophagus kana midziyero yeropa. Nhengo dzinoonekwa sedzisina kujeka kana dzine mhosva ne biopsy dzinodawo kubviswa nekuvhiya, kuitira kuti dzionekwe kuti dzine zviratidzo zvekenza.

• Iodine inorwisa kenza. Vanachiremba vanoshandisa iodine inorwisa kenza kurapa hyperthyroidism. Inotorwa sekapsul kana mune fomu yemvura, iodine inorwisa kenza inotorwa ne gland yako yetitairodi. Izvi zvinoita kuti nhengo dzidzore uye zviratidzo zve hyperthyroidism zvidzikire, kazhinji mukati memwedzi miviri kusvika mitatu.

• Mishonga inorwisa thyroid. Muzvimwe zviitiko, chiremba wako angakurudzira mushonga unorwisa thyroid senge methimazole (Tapazole) kuderedza zviratidzo zve hyperthyroidism. Kurapa kunowanzova kwenguva refu uye kunogona kuva nematambudziko akakomba pachiropa chako, saka zvakakosha kukurukura njodzi nemabhenefiti ekurapa nechikurapa chako.

• Kuvhiya. Kana kurapwa ne iodine inorwisa kenza kana mishonga inorwisa thyroid isiri sarudzo, unogona kuva munhu anokodzera kuvhiya kubvisa nhengo yetitairodi inoshanda zvakanyanya. Unogona kukurukura njodzi yekuvhiya nechikurapa chako.

• Kucherechedza. Kenza diki diki ine njodzi shoma yekukura, saka zvinogona kukodzera kuti chiremba wako acherechede nhengo dzekenza usati wadzirapa. Chisarudzo ichi chinowanzoitwa ne rubatsiro rwenyanzvi yetitairodi. Kucherechedza kunosanganisira kuongororwa kwe ultrasound uye kuita bvunzo yeropa.

• Kuvhiya. Kurapa kunozivikanwa kwenhengo dzekenza kubvisa nekuvhiya. Munguva yakapfuura, zvaiva zvakajairwa kubvisa chikamu chikuru chetitairodi — nzira inonzi near-total thyroidectomy. Zvisinei, nhasi kuvhiya kwakaderera kubvisa hafu yetitairodi kungave kwakakodzera kune dzimwe nhengo dzekenza. Near-total thyroidectomy inogona kushandiswa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwerwisano.

  Matambudziko ekubviswa kwetitairodi anosanganisira kukuvara kune tsinga inodzora matauriro ako uye kukuvara kune maglands ako eparathyroid — maglands mana madiki ari kumashure kwetitairodi anobatsira kudzora mazinga emuviri weminerari, senge calcium.

  Mushure mekubviswa kwetitairodi, uchada kurapwa kwenguva refu ne levothyroxine kuti upe muviri wako hormone yetitairodi. Nyanzvi yako yetitairodi ichakubatsira kuona huwandu hwakakodzera kutora nekuti zvinogona kuda kupfuura kutsiva hormone kudzora njodzi yako yekenza.

• Alcohol ablation. Imwe sarudzo yekutonga nhengo diki dzekenza ndeye alcohol ablation. Iyi nzira inosanganisira kuisa huwandu hudiki hwemowa munhengo yetitairodi ine kenza kuitira kuiparadza. Mazhinji ekurapa anowanzodiwa.