Mhete Dzemidziyo Yeropa

Zvindori zvemidziyo yeropa

Zvindori zvemidziyo yeropa zvinoitika kana chikamu che artery huru yemuviri, inonzi aortic arch, kana kuti mapazi ayo akagadzira denderedzwa riri kutenderedza trachea kana esophagus kana ese ari maviri. Mwoyo wakajairwa unoratidzwa kuruboshwe. Muenzaniso wezvindori zvemidziyo yeropa — double aortic arch — unoratidzwa kurudyi.

Zvindori zvemidziyo yeropa dambudziko remoyo riripo kubva pakuberekwa. Izvo zvinoreva kuti ndicho chirwere chemoyo chekuberekwa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, chikamu che artery huru yemuviri kana kuti mapazi ayo anoita denderedzwa riri kutenderedza windpipe, chubhu yekuruma chikafu kana ese ari maviri.

• Artery huru yemuviri inonzi aorta. Iyo mamiriro anoita kuti chikamu che aorta chinonzi aortic arch chibude.
• Chubhu yekuruma chikafu inotungamira kubva mumuromo kuenda mudumbu. Inonzi esophagus.
• Windpipe inonziwo trachea.

Zvindori zvemidziyo yeropa zvinogona kupera kana kusapedza.

• Zvindori zvemidziyo yeropa zvakakwana zvinoita denderedzwa riri kutenderedza ese esophagus ne trachea.
• Zvindori zvemidziyo yeropa zvisina kukwana hazviendi zvakakwana kutenderedza esophagus kana trachea.

Kuoperezwa kunowanzodikanwa kurapa zvindori zvemidziyo yeropa.

Zviratidzo zve vascular ring zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kuwanda kwehutachiona hwemhepo.
• Kuchema.
• Kukosora.
• Dambudziko rekumera.
• Kuomerwa kudya.
• Kuita manyoka.

Vamwe vanhu vakaberekwa ne vascular ring vanogonawo kuva nedzimwe nyaya dzemoyo panguva yekuberekwa. Zviratidzo zvakakosha zvinoenderana nerudzi rwenyaya dzemoyo dziripo.

Chiremba anoita bvunzo yemuviri uye anobvunza mibvunzo nezvezviratidzo. Kuongororwa kunoitirwa kuona vascular ring kunogona kusanganisira:

• Kuongororwa kwemifananidzo. X-ray yechipfuva inogona kuratidza kuchinja mumhepo inogona kuratidza vascular ring. Kuongororwa kunogonawo kuratidza divi remuviri rakafukidzwa ne aortic arch.

  Kuongororwa kwemifananidzo kunogona kusanganisira echocardiogram, CT angiogram kana MRI scan. Vachiremba vanogonawo kushandisa aya kuongororwa kuronga kurapwa.

• Barium swallow. Kuongororwa uku kunosanganisira kumira chimwe chinhu chinonzi barium. X-rays inotorwa kuona kuti chinhu ichocho chinofamba sei kubva mumuromo kuenda mudumbu. Kuongororwa kunogona kuratidza kuchinja muumboo we esophagus izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa ne vascular rings.

• Upper endoscopy. Chubhu refu, inotsvedza ine kamera inoshandiswa kuongorora esophagus. Chishandiso ichocho chinonzi endoscope. Chiremba anochiisa kuburikidza nemuromo uye muhuro. Kamera duku iri pakuguma inotumira mifananidzo kune video monitor.

• Bronchoscopy. Mukuyongororwa uku, chiremba anoisa chubhu duku, inotsvedza kuburikidza nemuromo kana mhino kuenda kumapapu. Chiedza nekamera duku yakabatanidzwa kuchubhu inobvumira chiremba kuona mukati memhepo uye nzira dzemapapu. Kuongororwa uku kunogona kuratidza kana vascular ring iri kudzvanya trachea.

Kuongororwa kwemifananidzo. X-ray yechipfuva inogona kuratidza kuchinja mumhepo inogona kuratidza vascular ring. Kuongororwa kunogonawo kuratidza divi remuviri rakafukidzwa ne aortic arch.

Kuongororwa kwemifananidzo kunogona kusanganisira echocardiogram, CT angiogram kana MRI scan. Vachiremba vanogonawo kushandisa aya kuongororwa kuronga kurapwa.

Rudzi rwakakosha rwemishonga runoenderana nerudzi rwenyaya dzemoyo dziripo.

Vanhu vakaberekwa ne vascular ring vanoda kuongororwa kwehutano nguva dzose kweupenyu hwavo kuti vadzivise matambudziko.

Nyanzvi yezvemwoyo yevana, Jonathan Johnson, M.D., inopindura mibvunzo inonyanya kubvunzwa nezvekusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa kwemwana.

Mamwe marudzi maduku kwazvo ekusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa, senge maburi madiki kwazvo mumwoyo kana kuvhara kwakapfava kwazvo kwemavalves emwoyo akasiyana angangoda kungoteverwa makore maviri ega ega neimwe mhando yekutarisa mifananidzo senge echocardiogram. Mamwe marudzi akakomba ekusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa angada kuvhiya kunogona kuitwa nekuvhiya kwemwoyo wakavhurika, kana kuti kunogona kuitwa mulaboratori yekuisa catheter yemwoyo uchishandisa zvishandiso zvakasiyana kana matekiniki akasiyana. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akakomba kwazvo, kana kuvhiya kusina kukwanisa kuitwa, kupandikirwa kunogona kuratidzwa.

Zviratidzo zvakakosha izvo mwana angave nazvo kana vakave nekusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa zvinoenderana chaizvo nezera remwana. Kune vacheche, chikonzero chavo chikuru chekushandisa macalorie chaizvoizvo pavanenge vachidya. Uye saka zviratidzo zvakawanda zvekukundikana kwemwoyo kuberekwa kana kukundikana kwemwoyo zvinouya pavanenge vachidya. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kushomeka kwemhepo, kuoma kufema, kana kunyange kupererwa neperspiration pavanenge vachidyisa. Vana vaduku vanowanzoratidza zviratidzo zvine chekuita nehurongwa hwavo hwemudumbu. Vangave vane kurutsa, kurutsa nekuidya, uye vangawana zviratidzo izvozvo nemabasawo. Teenagers vakuru, pakati pezvo, vanowanzoratidza zviratidzo zvakadai sekurwadziwa pachipfuva, kupera simba kana palpitations. Vangaratidzawo zviratidzo panguva yekurovedza muviri kana basa. Uye izvozvo chaizvoizvo chiratidzo chikuru kwazvo kwandiri senhengo yekurapa mwoyo. Kana ndikanzwa nezvemwana, kunyanya teenager ane kurwadziwa pachipfuva, kana apere simba nemabasa kana nekurovedza muviri, ndinofanira chaizvo kuona mwana iyeye uye ndinofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti anowana basa rakakodzera.

Kazhinji kana mwana wako angobva kuongororwa nekusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa, zvakaoma kuyeuka zvese zvataurwa kwauri pakuona kwekutanga. Unogona kunge uri mukukuvadzwa wakangonzwa nhau iyi. Uye kazhinji unogona kusa yeuka zvese. Saka zvakakosha pakuona kwekutevera kubvunza mibvunzo iyi. Makore angu mashanu anotevera akaita sei? Kune mamwe maitiro achafanirwa mumakore mashanu iwayo? Kuvhiya kupi? Mhando ipi yekuyedza, mhando ipi yekutevera, mhando ipi yekushanya kuchipatara ichafanirwa? Izvi zvinorevei kune mabasa emwana wangu, zvemitambo, nezvinhu zvakasiyana zvavanoda kuita zuva nezuva. Uye chinonyanya kukosha, tingashanda sei pamwe kuti mwana uyu akwanise kuva nehupenyu hunowanzoita sezvinowanzoita kunyangwe nechirwere ichocho chekusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa.

Unofanira kubvunza chiremba wako mhando yemaitiro inogona kudikanwa yemhando iyi yekusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa mune ramangwana. Zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa kuvhiya kwemwoyo wakavhurika, kana kuti zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa catheterization yemwoyo. Kune kuvhiya kwemwoyo wakavhurika, zvakakosha kubvunza chiremba wako nezve nguva yekuvhiya kwacho. Kune marudzi akasiyana, akakosha ekusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa, kune nguva dzakati dzatinofanira kuita kuvhiya kupfuura dzimwe kuti tive nemhedzisiro yakanaka kwazvo, zvese pfupi- uye refu-nguva yemwana iyeye. Saka bvunza chiremba wako kana paine nguva yakati inoshanda zvakanaka kune chirwere ichocho uye kune mwana wako.

Uyu chaizvoizvo mubvunzo unonyanya kubvunzwa wandinowana kubva kuvabereki nevana mushure mekunge taita chirwere chekusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa. Zvemitambo zvakakosha kwazvo muhupenyu hwevana vazhinji ava, kumagrupo avo eshamwari uye maitiro avanoshamwaridzana nevanhu vavo. Mumaitiro mazhinji ekusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa, tinoita zvese zvatinogona kuti tione nzira yavanogona kuramba vachitaura nayo. Pane mamwe marudzi ekusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa, zvisinei, apo mamwe mitambo ingave isina kurairwa. Semuenzaniso, kune vamwe varwere vedu, vangave vane imwe mhando yehutachiona hwemajini hunoita kuti masvingo emar arteries avo ave asina simba. Uye varwere ivavo, hatidi kuti vaite weightlifting kana kuita chero rudzi rwekumanikidza kukuru kunogona kukonzera kuti arteries idzodzo dzikure uye dzikwanise kuputika. Muzviitiko zvakawanda zvisinei, tinokwanisa kuona nzira yekuita kuti vana vatambe mitambo yavanoda zuva nezuva.

Kune varwere vedu vane kusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa, sezvo vakura, kazhinji tinovaraira kuti mamwe marudzi ekusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa anogona kuwira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana mubereki ane kusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa, pane njodzi shoma kuti mwana wavo angave ane kusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa. Izvi zvinogona kunge iri mhando imwechete yekusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa iyo mubereki wavo ane, kana kuti inogona kunge yakasiyana. Saka, kana varwere ivavo vakaita nhumbu, tinofanira kuvatevera pedyo panguva yekuzvitakura, kusanganisira kuita scans yakawanda yefetus uchishandisa echocardiography panguva yekuzvitakura. Nenzira yakanaka, vazhinji vevarwere vedu vane kusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa vanokwanisa kuva nevana vavo pachavo munguva ino.

Ukama pakati pemurwere, mhuri yavo uye nyanzvi yemwoyo zvakakosha kwazvo. Kazhinji tinoitevera varwere ava kwemakumi emakore sezvo vakura. Tinovatarisa vachibva kuvana kuenda kuvakuru. Kana chimwe chinhu chikaitika icho hausi pachena nezvacho, asi izvo hazvina kunzwisisika kwauri, bvunza mibvunzo. Ndapota usatya kusvika. Unofanira kugara uchizvibata kuti ubate timu yako yekurapa mwoyo uye uvabvunze chero mibvunzo inogona kusimukira.

Ultrasound ye2D fetal inogona kubatsira nyanzvi yako yehutano kuongorora kukura kwemwana wako nekukura.

Kusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa kunogona kuongororwa panguva yekuzvitakura kana mushure mekuberekwa. Zviratidzo zvekusakwana kwemwoyo zvinogona kuonekwa pane bvunzo yekuzvitakura ultrasound (fetal ultrasound).

Mushure mekunge mwana aberekwa, nyanzvi yehutano ingafunga kuti kune kusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa kana mwana ane:

• Kukura kunonoka.
• Kuchinja kwemavara mumaperero, miturikirwa kana misumari.

Nyanzvi yehutano inogona kunzwa ruzha, rinonzi murmur, pavanenge vachinzwa mwoyo wemwana ne stethoscope. Mazhinji murmurs haana mhosva, zvinoreva kuti hakuna kusakwana kwemwoyo uye murmur haina ngozi kune hutano hwemwana wako. Zvisinei, mamwe murmurs anogona kukonzerwa nekuchinja kwekuyerera kweropa kuenda uye kubva mumwoyo.

Kuongorora kuongorora kusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa kunosanganisira:

• Pulse oximetry. Sensor inoiswa pachigunwe inotora huwandu hwemhepo mumuropa. Kushomeka kwemhepo kunogona kuva chiratidzo chechirwere chemwoyo kana mapapu.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG kana EKG). Iyi bvunzo yekukurumidza inotora basa remagetsi remwoyo. Inoratidza kuti mwoyo uri kurova sei. Mapachi anobatanidza nemasensors, anonzi electrodes, anobatanidzwa pachipfuva uye dzimwe nguva maoko kana makumbo. Matambo anobatanidza mapachi ku komputa, iyo inodhinda kana kuratidza mhedzisiro.
• Echocardiogram. Mawindo esound anoshandiswa kugadzira mifananidzo yemwoyo iri kufamba. Echocardiogram inoratidza kuti ropa rinofamba sei kuburikidza nemwoyo nemavalves emwoyo. Kana bvunzo ikaitwa pamwana asati aberekwa, inonzi fetal echocardiogram.
• Chest X-ray. Chest X-ray inoratidza mamiriro emwoyo nemaparu. Inogona kuratidza kana mwoyo wakakura, kana mapapu ane ropa rakawanda kana mamwe manyoro. Izvi zvinogona kuva zviratidzo zvekukundikana kwemwoyo.
• Cardiac catheterization. Mu bvunyo iyi, chiremba anopinda chubhu yakasimba, inofamba inonzi catheter muropa, kazhinji munzvimbo ye groin, uye anoitungamira kumwoyo. Iyi bvunzo inogona kupa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pekuyerera kweropa uye kuti mwoyo unoshanda sei. Mamwe kurapwa kwemwoyo kunogona kuitwa panguva yekuisa catheter yemwoyo.
• Heart MRI. Inonziwo cardiac MRI, iyi bvunzo inoshandisa magnetic fields nema radio waves kugadzira mifananidzo yakadzama yemwoyo. Cardiac MRI inogona kuitwa kuongorora uye kuongorora kusakwana kwemwoyo kuberekwa muvechidiki nevakuru. Heart MRI inogadzira mifananidzo ye3D yemwoyo, iyo inobvumira kuyerwa kwakanyatsojeka kwemachambers emwoyo.

Kurapa zvirwere zvemoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo kuvana kunoenderana nedambudziko retsitsi remwoyo uye kuti rakaomarara sei.

Mamwe marwere emoyo akaberekwa nazvo haana kukanganisa hutano hwemwana kwenguva refu. Angasiiwe asingarapwe.

Mamwe marwere emoyo akaberekwa nazvo, akadai seburi diki mumoto, angavharwa sezvo mwana achikura.

Marwere emoyo akakomba akaberekwa nazvo anoda kurapwa nekukurumidza mushure mekunge awanikwa. Kurapa kunogona kusanganisira:

• Mishonga.
• Maitiro emoyo.
• Kuopereta kwemoyo.
• Kusimudzirwa kwemoyo.

Mishonga inogona kushandiswa kurapa zviratidzo kana matambudziko emurwere wemoyo akaberekwa nazvo. Inogona kushandiswa yoga kana nemamwe kurapwa. Mishonga yemarwere emoyo akaberekwa nazvo inosanganisira:

• Mapiritsi emvura, anozivikanwawo se diuretics. Rudzi urwu rwemishonga runobatsira kubvisa mvura mumuviri. Anobatsira kuderedza kunetseka kwemoyo.
• Mishonga yekurwisa nhengo dzemoyo, inonzi anti-arrhythmics. Mishonga iyi inobatsira kudzora kurova kwemoyo kwasinganzwisisiki.

Kana mwana wako ane chirwere chakakomba chemwoyo chakaberekwa nacho, maitiro emoyo kana kuopereta kunogona kukurudzirwa.

Maitiro emoyo nekuopereta kunoitirwa kurapa zvirwere zvemoyo zvakaberekwa nazvo zvinosanganisira:

• Cardiac catheterization. Marudzi amwe emhando dzemoyo dzemoyo dzevana dzinogona kugadziriswa uchishandisa mabhuru akapfava, akapfava anonzi catheters. Kurapa kwakadaro kunobvumira vanachiremba kugadzirisa moyo pasina kuopereta kwemoyo. Chiremba anopinda catheter kuburikidza nechombo cherufu, kazhinji muhudyu, uye anoitungamira kumoyo. Dzimwe nguva pane anopfuura imwe catheter inoshandiswa. Kana yave panzvimbo, chiremba anopinda zvidiki zvidiki kuburikidza ne catheter kugadzirisa mamiriro emoyo. Semuenzaniso, chiremba anogona kugadzirisa maburi mumoto kana nzvimbo dzekuomarara. Mamwe maitiro e catheter anofanirwa kuitwa nhanho nhanho kwemakore.
• Kuopereta kwemoyo. Mwana angada kuopereta kwemoyo kwakavhurika kana kuopereta kwemoyo kwakanyanya kuitira kugadzirisa chirwere chemwoyo chakaberekwa nacho. Rudzi rwekuopereta kwemoyo kunoenderana nechinja chaiyo mumoto.
• Kusimudzirwa kwemoyo. Kana chirwere chakakomba chemwoyo chakaberekwa nacho chisingagone kugadziriswa, kusimudzirwa kwemoyo kunogona kudiwa.
• Fetal cardiac intervention. Iri rudzi rwekurapa rwemwana ane dambudziko retsitsi remwoyo rinoitwa usati aberekwa. Inogona kuitwa kugadzirisa chirwere chakakomba chemwoyo kana kudzivirira matambudziko sezvo mwana achikura panguva yekuzvitakura. Fetal cardiac intervention haina kuitwa kazhinji uye inongogoneka mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo chete.

Vamwe vana vakaberekwa nechirwere chemwoyo chakaberekwa nacho vanoda maitiro mazhinji nekuopereta muhupenyu hwavo hwese. Kutarisirwa kwenguva refu kunokosha. Mwana anoda kuongororwa hutano nguva dzose nachiremba akadzidziswa nezvirwere zvemoyo, anonzi cardiologist. Kutarisirwa kwenguva refu kunogona kusanganisira bvunzo yeropa nemafuta kuongorora matambudziko.

[Mimhanzi ichitamba]

Tariro nekuporesa kwemoyo midiki.

Dr. Dearani: Kana ndichitarisa basa rangu, ndinoita kuopereta kwemoyo kwakanyanya kuita. Uye ndakakwanisa kuita izvozvo nekuti ndakadzidza zvese muvanhu vakuru, uko kwakatanga. Saka kuita kuopereta kwemoyo kwe robotic mune vechidiki chimwe chinhu chausingakwanise kuwana muchipatara chevana nekuti havana tekinoroji inowanikwa kwavari kwaigona kuitwa pano.

[Mimhanzi ichitamba]

Kana mwana wako ane chirwere chemwoyo chakazvarwa nacho, kuchinja mararamiro kunogona kukurudzirwa kuchengetedza mwoyo uine hutano uye kudzivirira matambudziko.

• Kudzora mitambo nemabasa. Vamwe vana vane chirwere chemwoyo chakazvarwa nacho vangada kuderedza kurovedza muviri kana mabasa emitambo. Zvisinei, vamwe vakawanda vane chirwere chemwoyo chakazvarwa nacho vanogona kubatanidzwa mumabasa akadaro. Munyanzvi wekutarisira mwana wako anogona kukuudza kuti mitambo neiyiwo marudzi ekurovedza muviri akachengeteka kumwana wako.
• Antibiotics ekudzivirira. Zvimwe zvirwere zvemoyo zvakazvarwa nazvo zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yekutapukirwa mukati memwoyo kana mavharuvhu emoyo, inonzi infective endocarditis. Antibiotics inogona kukurudzirwa usati waita mabasa ezino kudzivirira hutachiona, kunyanya kune vanhu vane vharuvhu yemwoyo yekugadzira. Bvunza chiremba wemwoyo wemwana wako kana mwana wako achida antibiotics ekudzivirira.

Unogona kuwana kuti kutaura nevamwe vanhu vakapfuura nemamiriro ezvinhu akafanana kunounza nyaradzo nekukurudzira. Bvunza timu yako yekuchengetedza utano kana paine mapoka ekutsigira munzvimbo yako.

Kurarama nechirwere chemwoyo chakazvarwa nacho kunogona kuita kuti vamwe vana vanzwe kushushikana kana kunetseka. Kutaura neanopa mazano kunogona kukubatsira iwe nemwana wako kudzidza nzira itsva dzekutonga kushushikana nekunetseka. Bvunza nyanzvi yekuchengetedza utano ruzivo nezvevanopa mazano munzvimbo yako.