Ventricular Septal Defect (Vsd)

Kukanganisika kweventricular septal (VSD) chikomba iri mumoyo. Iri dambudziko rekuzvarwa (kukanganisika kwemoyo kwekuzvarwa). Chikomba chinowanikwa pakati pekamuri dzemoyo dziri pasi (ventricles).

Zviratidzo zvematambudziko emwoyo akakomba anoonekwa pakuumbwa (kukanganisika kwemoyo kwekuzvarwa) kazhinji zvinooneka mumazuva ekutanga, mavhiki kana mwedzi youpenyu hwemwana.

Zviratidzo zvekuvhunduka kweventricular septal (VSD) zvinoenderana nehukuru hweroora uye kana paine mamwe matambudziko emwoyo. VSD duku harigone kukonzera zviratidzo.

Kazhinji, zviratidzo zveVSD mwana zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kudya kushoma
• Kukura kwakaderera kana kusakurira (kusakwanisa kukura)
• Kufema kukurumidza kana kushaya mweya
• Kuneta nyore
• Inzwi rekuvhunduka painoteerera kumoyo ne stethoscope (kuchema kwemoyo)

Zviratidzo zvekuvhunduka kweventricular septal muvakuru zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kushaya mweya, kunyanya kana uchiita zvemitambo
• Inzwi rekuvhunduka painoteerera kumoyo ne stethoscope (kuchema kwemoyo)

Danawo chiremba wako kana mwana wako:

• Aneta nyore nyore panguva yekudya kana kutamba
• Haakuri uremu
• Anofema nekukakavara panguva yekudya kana kuchema
• Anofema nekukurumidza kana kushaya mweya

Danawo chiremba wako kana zviratidzo izvi zvikabuda:

• Kushaya mweya
• Kurova kwemoyo nekukurumidza kana kusina kururama
• Kuneta kana kushaya simba

Kukanganisika kweventricular septal (VSD) kunoitika sezvo mwoyo wemwana uri kukura panguva yekuzvitakura. Madziro ane tsandanyama anoparadzanisa mwoyo kuva divi rekuruboshwe nekurudyi haaumbiki zvizere, achisiya gomba rimwe kana kupfuura. Saizi yegomba kana magomba inogona kusiyana.

Kazhinji hapana chikonzero chakajeka. Genetics nezvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvinogona kutamba basa. VSDs inogona kuitika yoga kana nemamwe matambudziko emwoyo aripo pakuumbwa. Zvisingawanzoitika, kukanganisika kweventricular septal kunogona kuitika gare gare muhupenyu mushure mekurwara kwemwoyo kana mamwe maitiro emwoyo.

Zvinokonzera ventricular septal defect zvinosanganisira:

• Kuzvarwa usati wasvika nguva
• Down syndrome nedzimwe nyaya dzemajini
• Nhoroondo yemhuri yematambudziko emoyo aripo kubva pakuzvarwa (congenital heart defects)

Mwana anozvarwa aine ventricular septal defect angave aine mamwe matambudziko emoyo, akadai se:

• Atrial septal defect
• Coarctation of the aorta
• Double outlet syndrome
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Tetralogy of Fallot

Kana watova nevana vane congenital heart defect, genetic counselor anogona kukurukura ngozi yemwana wako anotevera kuva nayo.

Chidiki che ventricular septal defect (VSD) chingasakonzera matambudziko chero api zvawo. Mamwe maVSD epakati kana makuru anogona kutyisidzira hupenyu. Kurapwa kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira matambudziko mazhinji.

Matambudziko e ventricular septal defect anogona kusanganisira:

• Kukundikana kwemoyo. Mumoto une VSD yepakati kana hombe, moyo unoshanda nesimba uye mapapu ane ropa rakawanda rakapompwa kwavari. Pasina kurapwa, kukundikana kwemoyo kunogona kuitika.
• Eisenmenger syndrome. Buri risina kugadziriswa mumoyo rinogona kutungamira pakukonzerwa uku mushure memakore mazhinji. Kuyerera kweropa kusingaenzani kunokonzera kuti midziyero yeropa mumapapu ive yakaoma uye yakamanikana. Kumanikidzwa kweropa kunokwira mumidziyero yeropa yemapapu (pulmonary hypertension). Iyi syndrome inokuvadza zvachose midziyero yeropa mumapapu.
• Endocarditis. Iyi ndiyo komplikati shoma yeVSD. Hutachiona hunoita kuzvimba kunotyisidzira hupenyu kwekunze kwemukati kwemakamuri emoyo nemavharuvhu.
• Matambudziko emwoyo mamwewo. Izvi zvinosanganisira chirwere chemavaruvhu emoyo uye kuzunguzika kwemoyo (arrhythmias).

Sezvo chikonzero chisingazivikanwi, zvingasava nyore kudzivirira chirwere che ventricular septal defect (VSD). Asi kuwana kuchengetedzwa kwakanaka kwepamuviri kunokosha. Kana uine VSD uye uri kuronga kuva nepamuviri, rongedza rwendo nemunyanzvi wehutano hwako uye utevedze matanho aya:

• Tora kuchengetedzwa kwepamuviri pakutanga, kunyangwe usati wava nepamuviri. Taura nemupi wako usati wava nepamuviri nezvehutano hwako uye kurukura chero shanduko dzehupenyu izvo chiremba wako angakurudzira kuti uve nepamuviri une hutano. Uyewo, iva nechokwadi chekuti wakataura nachiremba wako nezve mishonga ipi zvayo yaunotora.
• Tora multivitamin ine folic acid. Kutora 400 micrograms ye folic acid zuva nezuva kwakaratidzwa kuderedza zvikanganiso zvekuzvarwa mubongo nemuchidziro. Zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza njodzi yezvikanganiso zvemoyo zvakare.
• Dzivisa doro. Kunwa doro panguva yepamuviri kunowedzera njodzi yezvikanganiso zvemoyo zvekuzvarwa.
• Usafume kana kushandisa zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo. Kana uchifuma, rega. Kufuma panguva yepamuviri kunowedzera njodzi yechikanganiso chemoyo chekuzvarwa mwana. Dzivisa kushandisa zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo sezvo zvingakuvadza mwana ari kukura.
• Tora jekiseni dzakakurudzirwa. Iva nechokwadi chekuti wakazara pane ese majekiseni ako usati wava nepamuviri. Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kukuvadza fetus iri kukura. Semuenzaniso, kuva nerubella (German measles) panguva yepamuviri kunogona kukonzera matambudziko mukukura kwemoyo wemwana. Kuongororwa kweropa kunoitirwa usati wava nepamuviri kunogona kuona kana uri immune ku rubella. Jekiseni iripo kune avo vasiri immune.
• Chengeta chirwere cheshuga chichiongororwa. Kutonga zvakanaka kweshuga yeropa usati wava nepamuviri uye panguva yepamuviri kunogona kuderedza njodzi yezvikanganiso zvemoyo zvekuzvarwa mwana. Chirwere cheshuga chinokura panguva yepamuviri (gestational diabetes) kazhinji hachiwedzeri njodzi yemwana. Kana uine chirwere cheshuga, shanda nemupi wako kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti chakaringana usati wava nepamuviri.
• Tarisa nemupi wako usati watora mishonga ipi zvayo. Mishonga yakawanda inogona kukonzera zvikanganiso zvekuzvarwa. Udza mupi wako nezvemishonga yese yaunotora, kusanganisira iyo inotenga pasina chinyorwa. Kana uine nhoroondo yemhuri yezvinetso zvemoyo zviripo pakuziva, funga kutaura nemukurukuri we genetic uye chiremba wemoyo (cardiologist) usati wava nepamuviri.

Zvimwe zvirwere zveventricular septal defects (VSDs) zvinoonekwa nekukurumidza mushure mokunge mwana aberekwa. Zvisinei, ventricular septal defects (VSDs) zvingasawanikwa kusvika gare gare muupenyu. Dzimwe nguva ventricular septal defect (VSD) inogona kuonekwa ne ultrasound yekuzvitakura usati mwana aberekwa.

Kana ventricular septal defect iripo, mutariri wehutano anogona kunzwa inzwi rekuchema (heart murmur) paanoteerera mwoyo ne stethoscope.

Kuongororwa kunoitirwa kubatsira kuona ventricular septal defect kunosanganisira:

• Echocardiogram. Uyu ndiwo bvunzo inonyanya kushandiswa kuona ventricular septal defect. Ma sound waves anoshandiswa kugadzira mifananidzo yemwoyo uri kufamba. Echocardiogram inogona kuratidza kuti ropa riri kufamba zvakanaka sei mumwoyo nemidziyo yemwoyo.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG). Uyu bvunzo inokurumidza uye isina kurwadza inotora basa remagetsi remwoyo. Inogona kuratidza kuti mwoyo uri kurova nekukurumidza kana zvishoma.
• Chest X-ray. Chest X-ray inoratidza mamiriro emwoyo nemapapu. Inogona kutaura kana mwoyo wakakura uye kana mapapu aine mvura yakawandisa.
• Pulse oximetry. Sensor inoiswa pachigunwe inotora huwandu hwemhepo iri muropa. Kushomeka kwemhepo kunogona kuva chiratidzo chedambudziko remwoyo kana mapapu.
• Cardiac catheterization. Mubvunzo uyu, chubhu chidiki, chinopfava (catheter) chinoiswa mudziya ropa mugumbo kana ruoko uye chinoendeswa kuburikidza nemidziya yeropa kuenda kumwoyo. Kuburikidza ne cardiac catheterization, vanachiremba vanogona kuona zvirwere zvemoyo zvekuzvarwa uye kuona basa remidziyo yemwoyo nemakamuri.
• Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Magnetic fields ne radio waves anoshandiswa kugadzira mifananidzo yakadzama yemwoyo. Mutariri wehutano anogona kukumbira bvunzo iyi kana paine ruzivo rwakawanda rinodiwa mushure me echocardiogram.
• Computerized tomography (CT) scan. Akatevedzana eX-rays anogadzira mifananidzo yakadzama yemwoyo. Inogona kuitwa kana echocardiogram isina kupa ruzivo rwakawanda sezvaidiwa.

Kurapa chirwere che ventricular septal defect kunogona kusanganisira kuongororwa kwehutano nguva dzose, mishonga nekuvhiya. Vacheche vakawanda vanoberekwa ne ventricular septal defect (VSD) diki havazodi kuvhiya kuti vagadzirise gomba racho. Mamwe maVSD madiki anozvivharira oga. Kana VSD iri diki, kuongororwa kwehutano nguva dzose kungave kwakakwana. Mishonga inogona kunyorwa kurapa zviratidzo zvipi zvapi. Vacheche vane maVSD makuru kana vanonetseka nyore pavanodyisa vanogona kuda zvokudya zvakawanda kuti vabatsirwe kukura. Vamwe vacheche vanogona kuda mishonga kubatsira kurapa zviratidzo zvekutadza kwemoyo. Mishonga haigadzirise ventricular septal defect, asi inogona kupiwa kurapa zviratidzo kana zvinetso. Mishonga chaiyo inoshandiswa inotsamira pazviratidzo nezvikonzero zvavo. Mapiritsi emvura (diuretics) anoshandiswa kuderedza huwandu hwemvura mumuviri uye kuderedza kumanikidza pamoyo. Oksijeni inogona kupiwa. Kuvhiya kunogona kuitwa kana VSD iri yepakati kana yakakura kana iri kukonzera zviratidzo zvakakomba. Vacheche vanoda kuvhiya kugadzirisa gomba kazhinji vane nzira yacho pagore ravo rekutanga. Chiremba anogona kuvhara ma ventricular septal defects madiki kana nzvimbo yavo mumoyo ikakonzera kukuvara kune zvimiro zviri pedyo, senge mavaire emoyo. Kuvhiya nemazano ekugadzirisa ventricular septal defect anosanganisira: Mushure mekuvhiya kwe ventricular septal defect, kuongororwa nguva dzose kunodiwa kweupenyu hwese, zviri nani nachiremba wemoyo (cardiologist). Kuongororwa kazhinji kunosanganisira bvunzo dzekuona kuti kuvhiya kuri kushanda zvakanaka sei. * Kuvhiya kwemoyo wakavhurika. Iyi ndiyo nzira inonyanya kufarirwa yekugadzirisa ma ventricular septal defects mazhinji. Chiremba anoshandisa patch kana stitches kuvharira gomba riri pakati pekamuri dzemoyo dziri pasi. Rudzi urwu rwekuvhiya kweVSD runoda muchina wemoyo-mapapu nekucheka pachipfuva. * Nzira yekatheteri. Mamwe ma ventricular septal defects anogona kugadziriswa uchishandisa mabhuru akapfava, akatwasuka (catheters) pasina kudikanwa kwekuvhiya kwemoyo wakavhurika. Mupi wehutano anopinda catheter muropa, kazhinji muhudyu, uye anoitungamira kumoyo. Chishandiso chidiki chinopinda ne catheter kuvharira gomba.

Shanduko dzehupenyu dzinogona kukurudzirwa kuchengetedza moyo wakanaka uye kudzivirira matambudziko.

Dzivirira hutachiona hwemoyo. Dzimwe nguva matambudziko emoyo anogona kuwedzera njodzi yekutapukirwa mukati memoyo kana mavharuvhu emoyo (endocarditis). Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kukurudzirwa pamberi pekuvhiwa mazino kana uine oksijeni shoma nekuda kweVSD yakakura. Mishonga iyi inogonawo kukurudzirwa kana uine VSD yakagadziriswa nekuvhiya ine chigamba chichiri kuita kuyerera kweropa mukati mayo. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogonawo kukurudzirwa kana uchangobva kugadziriswa VSD ne catheter.

Kune vanhu vazhinji vane ventricular septal defect, hutsanana hwemukanwa uye kuongororwa kwemazino nguva nenguva kunogona kudzivirira endocarditis.

Taura nemupi wako wehutano usati wava nepamuviri. Kana uine ventricular septal defect uye uri nepamuviri kana uchitarisira kuva nepamuviri, taura nemupi wako wehutano nezve njodzi dzinogona kuitika nematambudziko. Pamwe chete munogona kukurukura uye kuronga kuchengetedzwa kwakakosha panguva yekuzvitakura.

VSD diki kana yakagadziriswa isina matambudziko haisi njodzi huru yekuzvitakura. Zvisinei, VSD yakakura, isina kugadziriswa, kusagadzikana kwemoyo, kushaya simba kwemoyo kana pulmonary hypertension zvinowedzera njodzi yekuzvitakura.

Kuzvitakura kunoonekwa sekuva nenjodzi huru kune avo vane Eisenmenger syndrome uye hakukurudzirwi.

• Dzivirira hutachiona hwemoyo. Dzimwe nguva matambudziko emoyo anogona kuwedzera njodzi yekutapukirwa mukati memoyo kana mavharuvhu emoyo (endocarditis). Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kukurudzirwa pamberi pekuvhiwa mazino kana uine oksijeni shoma nekuda kweVSD yakakura. Mishonga iyi inogonawo kukurudzirwa kana uine VSD yakagadziriswa nekuvhiya ine chigamba chichiri kuita kuyerera kweropa mukati mayo. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogonawo kukurudzirwa kana uchangobva kugadziriswa VSD ne catheter.

  Kune vanhu vazhinji vane ventricular septal defect, hutsanana hwemukanwa uye kuongororwa kwemazino nguva nenguva kunogona kudzivirira endocarditis.

• Bvunza nezvezvirambidzo zvekurovedza muviri. Vanhu vazhinji vane ventricular septal defect vanogona kurarama hupenyu hwakanaka, hunoshanda pasina zvirambidzo. Asi vamwe vanogona kuda kudzikamisa kurovedza muviri uye mitambo yemitambo. Bvunza mupi wako wehutano kuti ndeipi mitambo nemhando dzekurovedza muviri dzakachengeteka kwauri kana mwana wako. Vanhu vane Eisenmenger syndrome vanofanirwa kudzivisa kurovedza muviri kwakasimba.

• Taura nemupi wako wehutano usati wava nepamuviri. Kana uine ventricular septal defect uye uri nepamuviri kana uchitarisira kuva nepamuviri, taura nemupi wako wehutano nezve njodzi dzinogona kuitika nematambudziko. Pamwe chete munogona kukurukura uye kuronga kuchengetedzwa kwakakosha panguva yekuzvitakura.

  VSD diki kana yakagadziriswa isina matambudziko haisi njodzi huru yekuzvitakura. Zvisinei, VSD yakakura, isina kugadziriswa, kusagadzikana kwemoyo, kushaya simba kwemoyo kana pulmonary hypertension zvinowedzera njodzi yekuzvitakura.

  Kuzvitakura kunoonekwa sekuva nenjodzi huru kune avo vane Eisenmenger syndrome uye hakukurudzirwi.