Chii chinonzi Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG) Vaccine: Zvayinoshandiswa, Dosage, Side Effects uye Zvimwe

The Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG) vaccine mushonga une mabhakitiriya mhenyu, akapera simba anobatsira kudzivirira kubva ku tuberculosis (TB). Mushonga uyu wakashandiswa zvakachengeteka kweanenge zana remakore uye une chimiro chakachinjwa che mabhakitiriya ane hukama neTB asingakwanise kukonzera chirwere chaicho asi anorovedza immune system yako kuti izive uye kurwisa.

The BCG vaccine inopiwa sejojo rimwe chete pasi peganda, kazhinji muruoko rwekumusoro. Kunyange zvisiri zvakajairika kushandiswa muUnited States, chishandiso chakakosha chehutano hweveruzhinji munyika zhinji uko TB yakajairika.

Chii chinonzi BCG Vaccine?

The BCG vaccine inogadzirwa kubva kumhando mhenyu asi yakapera simba ye mabhakitiriya anonzi Mycobacterium bovis. Vanyanzvi veFrench Albert Calmette naCamille Guérin vakagadzira mushonga uyu mukutanga kwema1900 vachinyatso pedza simba mabhakitiriya kwemakore mazhinji kusvika akwanisa kumutsa immune system pasina kukonzera chirwere.

Funga nezvazvo sekudzidziswa kwe immune system yako. Paunogamuchira mushonga, muviri wako unodzidza kuziva uye kuyeuka mabhakitiriya eTB, saka kana iwe ukambosangana nechinhu chaicho, immune system yako inogona kupindura nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira.

Mushonga uyu unoonekwa se

Mushonga uyu unoshanda zvakanaka kana ukapiwa kuvana vadiki nevaya vari mudiki. Hausi kushanda zvakanyanya pakudzivirira mhando yeTB inobata mapapu muvanhu vakuru, ndosaka mitemo yekudzivirira ichisiyana zvakanyanya pakati penyika zvichienderana nemitengo yavo yeTB.

Mushonga weBCG Unoshanda Sei?

Mushonga weBCG unoonekwa semushonga unoshanda zvishoma, unoshanda nekudzidzisa muviri wako kuti uzive mabhakitiriya eTB. Kana mabhakitiriya akapera simba apinda mumuviri wako, maseru ako ekudzivirira anovaongorora uye anogadzira ndangariro yekuti TB inoita sei.

Muviri wako unogadzirawo maantibodies uye unoshandisa maseru akakosha ekudzivirira anonzi T-cells anogona kupindura nekukurumidza kana ukasangana nemabhakitiriya chaiwo eTB gare gare. Ndangariro iyi yekudzivirira inogona kugara kwemakore mazhinji, kunyangwe ichigona kupera simba nekufamba kwenguva.

Mushonga uyu unoshanda zvakanyanya pakudzivirira mhando dzeTB dzakakomba, dzinotyisa upenyu, kunyanya muvana. Inopa dziviriro inenge 70-80% kubva kuTB meningitis uye TB yakapararira, asi inongopa dziviriro inenge 50% kubva kuTB yepulmonary (mapapu) muvanhu vakuru.

Ndingatora Sei Mushonga weBCG?

Mushonga weBCG unopiwa sejojo rimwe chete pasi peganda (intradermal injection) muruoko rwekumusoro. Munhu anopa hutano achashandisa tsono yakakosha kuisa mushonga pakati pematete eganda rako, kwete mukati memhasuru.

Haufaniri kuita chero chinhu chakakosha kuti ugadzirire mushonga. Unogona kudya zvakajairika usati watora jojo uye mushure mekuitora, uye haufaniri kuitora nechikafu kana mvura sezvo isiri mushonga wemuromo.

Nzvimbo yekujojo inofanira kuchengetwa yakachena uye yakaoma. Usaise chero makirimu, mafuta, kana mabhandeji panzvimbo iyi kunze kwekunge munhu anopa hutano achikurudzira izvozvo. Nzvimbo yekujojo inogona kukudziridza bundu diki uye inogona kuumba scab mumavhiki anotevera.

Ndingatora Mushonga weBCG Kwenguva Yakareba Sei?

Mushonga weBCG unowanzo kupiwa semushonga mumwe chete, kazhinji muvana vadiki kana vana vadiki. Kusiyana nemamwe majekiseni anoda madosi akawanda kana ma boosters, vanhu vazhinji vanongoda jekiseni rimwe reBCG muhupenyu hwavo.

Dziviriro kubva kumushonga weBCG inogona kugara kwemakore gumi kusvika makumi maviri, kunyangwe izvi zvichisiyana kubva kumunhu nemunhu. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, majekiseni e booster haakurudzirwi kana kudikanwa kune vanhu vese.

Zvisinei, kana uri kushandisa BCG sechishandiso chegomarara rebladder, unogona kuda madosi akawanda anopiwa zvakananga mubladder kwemavhiki akati wandei kana mwedzi. Chiremba wako weoncologist achagadzira chirongwa chekurapa chakatarwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ako ega.

Ndezvipi Zvipingamupinyi zveMushonga weBCG?

Vanhu vazhinji vanowana zvipingamupinyi zvishoma kubva kumushonga weBCG izvo zvakajairika zvachose uye zvinoratidza kuti immune system yako iri kupindura. Mhinduro inowanzoitika ndeyekupinda jekiseni, kwaunenge uchiita shanduko mumavhiki mashoma anotevera.

Hezvino zvaunogona kutarisira semhinduro dzakajairika panzvimbo yekupinda:

• Bumpy diki tsvuku inooneka mukati memavhiki 2-6
• Bumpy inogona kuwedzera uye dzimwe nguva inova diki, ulcer isina kudzika
• Scab inogona kuumba uye pakupedzisira inodonha, ichisiya chironda chidiki
• Imwe mvura yakajeka kana yakanyanya makore inogona kubuda panzvimbo yacho
• Kunyorova zvishoma kana kurwadziwa muruoko

Izvi zviitiko zvemunharaunda zviratidzo zvechokwadi zvekuti mushonga uri kushanda uye muviri wako uri kuvaka immunity. Maitiro ekupora anogona kutora mwedzi 2-6 kuti apedze.

Zvisingawanzoitiki asi zvakadaro zvakajairika zvipingamupinyi zvinosanganisira:

• Lymph nodes yakazvimba mumapfupa pepadivi rimwe chete rekupinda
• Fivha yakapfava (kazhinji yakaderera-giredhi)
• Kuneta kwakajairika kana kunzwa kusagadzikana kwezuva rimwe kana maviri

Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzoenda zvega uye hazvidi kurapwa.

Zvipingamupinyi zvakakomba hazviwanzoitiki asi zvinogona kuitika. Bata chiremba wako kana iwe ukaona:

• Fivha yakanyanya (inodarika 101°F kana 38.3°C) inotora mazuva anopfuura 2-3
• Kuzvimba kwakanyanya kana kurwadziwa panzvimbo yekujowa
• Zviratidzo zvehutachiona zvakaita semitsara mitsvuku ichibva panzvimbo yekujowa
• Maronda makuru kana anoramba aripo panzvimbo yekujowa (akakura kupfuura 1 cm)
• Mavhuvhu akazvimba anova makuru kana kurwadza

Zvisingawanzoitiki zvinosanganisira hutachiona hwakapararira hweBCG, hunogona kuitika muvanhu vane immune system dzakanyanya kudzikira. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei mushonga usingapiwe kuvanhu vane matambudziko eimune system.

Ndiani Asingafaniri Kutora Mushonga weBCG?

Mushonga weBCG hauna kuchengeteka kune vese, kunyanya avo vane immune system dzakaderera. Sezvo iine mabhakitiriya mhenyu, inogona kukonzera hutachiona hwakakomba muvanhu avo miviri isingakwanise kurwisa mabhakitiriya akaderera.

Haufaniri kugamuchira mushonga weBCG kana uine:

• HIV hutachiona kana AIDS
• Kenza inokanganisa immune system (yakaita se leukemia kana lymphoma)
• Primary immunodeficiency disorders
• Uri kutora mishonga inodzvinyirira immune system (yakaita se high-dose steroids kana chemotherapy)
• Wakambove ne organ transplant
• Uri kugamuchira radiation therapy

Mushonga wacho haukurudzirwiwo kune:

• Vakadzi vane pamuviri (kunyangwe zvakachengeteka panguva yekuyamwisa)
• Vanhu vane hutachiona hweTB hunoshanda
• Avo vane chirwere chakakomba chisingaperi kana fivha
• Munhu chero upi zvake ane mamiriro eganda akakomba panzvimbo yekujowa
• Vanhu vakambove nemaitiro akakomba ekuita allergic kumushonga weBCG wakamboitwa

Mukuwedzera, vacheche vakaberekwa nevanaamai vane HIV havafaniri kugamuchira mushonga weBCG kusvikira mamiriro avo eHIV azivikanwa, sezvo vachigona kunge vakagara nhaka matambudziko eimune system.

Mazita eBrand eMushonga weBCG

Mushonga weBCG unowanikwa pasi pemazita akawanda emhando pasi rose, kunyangwe kuwanikwa kuchisiyana nenyika. MuUnited States, kana ichishandiswa kurapa gomarara rebladder, inowanzozivikanwa nemazita emhando seTICE BCG kana TheraCys.

Vagadziri vakasiyana vanogona kugadzira mhando dzakasiyana zvishoma dzehutachiona hweBCG, asi vese vanoshanda nenzira imwechete. Mupi wako wehutano achashandisa chero vhezheni iripo uye yakakodzera mamiriro ako chaiwo.

Kana uri kufamba kunze kwenyika uye uchida marekodhi ekudzivirira, ita shuwa kuti unocherechedza kuti ndechipi chaicho mushonga weBCG wawakagamuchira, sezvo dzimwe nyika dzingave dzichida mhando dzakasiyana kana vagadziri.

Zvimwe Zvingashandiswa Panzvimbo peMushonga weBCG

Parizvino, hapana zvimwe zvingashandiswa zvakapararira kumushonga weBCG wekudzivirira fivhiri. Nepo vatsvagiri vachishanda pakugadzira majekiseni matsva eTB, BCG inoramba iri iyo chete mushonga une rezinesi wekudzivirira TB pasi rose.

Kune vanhu vasingakwanise kugamuchira mushonga weBCG nekuda kwematambudziko emuviri, kudzivirira kunotarisa kudzivirira kusangana neTB uye kuwana kuongororwa nguva dzose. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kutora maantibayoti ekudzivirira kana wakasangana nemunhu ane TB inoshanda.

Panyaya yekurapa gomarara rebladder, zvimwe zvingashandiswa kune BCG zvinosanganisira mamwe maimmunotherapies, mishonga yekemotherapu inoiswa zvakananga mubladder, kana maitiro ekuvhiya. Oncologist wako anogona kukurukura izvi sarudzo kana BCG isina kukodzera iwe.

Ko Mushonga weBCG Wakanaka Kupfuura Dzimwe Nzira dzeKudzivirira TB Here?

Mushonga weBCG parizvino ndicho chishandiso chakanakisa chiripo chekudzivirira mhando dzakakomba dzeTB muvana, asi haisi yakakwana. Inoshanda zvakanyanya kana yakabatanidzwa nedzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira TB pane kushandiswa yega.

Kana tichienzanisa nekusavhiwa, BCG inoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yeTB meningitis uye TB yakapararira muvana. Zvisinei, inopa dziviriro shoma pamusoro peTB yemumapapu, kunyanya muvanhu vakuru, ndicho chikonzero nei nyika zhinji dzine huwandu hweTB hwakaderera dzisingaiise muzvirongwa zvavo zvekudzivirira zvezuva nezuva.

Kudzivirira TB kunonyanya kushanda kunobatanidza kubaiwa kweBCG (kana zvakakodzera) pamwe nekudzora hutachiona hwakanaka, kuona nekukurumidza nekurapa nyaya dzeTB dzinoshanda, uye kurapa kudzivirira vanhu vari panjodzi huru yekuvandudza TB.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo Bvunzwa Pamusoro peBCG Vaccine

Ko BCG Vaccine Yakachengeteka Kune Vanhu vane Chirwere cheShuga?

BCG vaccine inowanzo chengeteka kune vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga, chero bedzi chirwere chavo cheshuga chichidzorwa zvakanaka uye vasina mamwe matambudziko emuviri ekudzivirira chirwere. Chirwere cheshuga pachacho hachina simba rekudzivirira chirwere zvakakwana kuti chiite kubaiwa kweBCG kunotyisa.

Zvisinei, vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga vanogona kuva nenjodzi yakakwira zvishoma yekuvandudza zvirwere, saka zvakakosha kutarisa nzvimbo yekubaiwa zvakanyatsonaka kuti uone zviratidzo zvekurapa zvisina kujairika kana hutachiona. Mupi wako wehutano angada kutevera pedyo kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yekubaiwa inopora zvakanaka.

Ndingaita Sei Kana Ndikawana Zvakawandisa zveBCG Vaccine Netsaona?

Hazviiti kuti utambire zvakawandisa zveBCG vaccine netsaona sezvo ichipiwa semadosi imwe chete, anoyereswa zvakanyatsonaka nemupi wehutano. Mushonga uyu unouya mumavhiri akayerwa kare, uye vapi vehutano vanodzidziswa mukushandisa mishonga zvakanaka.

Kana uine hanya nekugamuchira madosi asiri iwo, taura nemupi wako wehutano nekukasira. Vanogona kuongorora mamiriro ako uye kukutarisa chero maitiro asingajairiki, kunyangwe matambudziko akakomba kubva pakukanganisa kwemadosi asingawanzoitiki.

Ndingaita Sei Kana Ndikakanganwa Kubaiwa kweBCG Kwakarongwa?

Sezvo BCG inowanzo kupihwa semushonga mumwe chete, kazhinji hapana mamiriro e“dose yakarasika” semishonga yaunotora nguva dzose. Kana wakarasikirwa nekugadzwa kwejekiseni reBCG, ingo gadzirazve neanokuchengeta hutano nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Kuvana vacheche nevana, BCG inonyanya kushanda kana ichipihwa kare muhupenyu, saka usanonoke zvakanyanya pakugadzirazve. Zvisinei, mushonga uyu unogona kuramba uchibatsira kunyangwe ukapiwa gare gare pane zvakarongwa pakutanga.

Ndingamira Rini Kunetseka Nezve Mhedzisiro yeJekiseni reBCG?

Mhedzisiro yakawanda yejekiseni reBCG inoonekwa mukati memavhiki mashoma ekutanga kusvika kumwedzi mushure mejekiseni. Kuita kwenzvimbo yekujekisira kunowanzo kutanga mavhiki 2-6 mushure mejekiseni uye kunogona kuenderera mberi kwemwedzi 2-6 sezvo muviri wako uchivaka immune.

Kana nzvimbo yekujekisira yapora zvachose uye chero lymph nodes akazvimba adzoka kuhukuru hwavo hwakajairika, unogona kumira kuongorora mhedzisiro ine chekuita nejekiseni. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mukati memwedzi mitanhatu yekujekisira.

Ndingawana Muedzo Weganda weTuberculosis Mushure meJekiseni reBCG?

Jekiseni reBCG rinogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro yemiedzo yeganda yeTB, zvichikonzera mhedzisiro yechokwadi yenguva yakareba mushure mejekiseni. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti immune system yako inogona kuita kumuedzo weganda kunyangwe usina TB inoshanda.

Kana wakambove nejekiseni reBCG, anokuchengeta hutano anogona kusarudza kushandisa bvunzo dzeropa dzinonzi interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) kuti aongorore TB infection, sezvo bvunzo idzi dzisingakwanise kukanganiswa nejekiseni reBCG. Nguva dzose zivisa anokuchengeta hutano nezve chero jekiseni reBCG rakapfuura kana uchiitwa bvunzo yeTB.