Chii chinonzi Isoniazid: Zvazvinoshandiswa, Mishonga, Migumisiro Yakaipa uye Zvimwe

Isoniazid mushonga weantibiotic wakagadzirirwa kurapa fivhiri (TB), hutachiona hwakakomba hwebhakitiriya hunonyanya kukanganisa mapapu. Mushonga uyu unoshanda nekumisa kukura kwebhakitiriya reTB mumuviri wako, uchibatsira immune system yako kurwisa hutachiona hunobudirira.

Unogona kunyorerwa isoniazid kana uine chirwere cheTB chiri kushanda kana kana wakambobatwa neTB uye uchida kurapwa kudzivirira. Imwe yemishonga yakakosha yekutanga-mutsara vanachiremba vanoshandisa kurwisa iyi mamiriro anogona kuisa hupenyu panjodzi, uye yanga ichibatsira vanhu kupora kubva kuTB kwemakumi emakore.

Chii chinonzi Isoniazid?

Isoniazid iantibiotic ine simba iyo iri muboka remishonga inonzi antitubercular drugs. Inonyanya kutarisana nebhakitiriya rinokonzera fivhiri, rinonzi Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mushonga uyu unouya mumhando mbiri huru: mahwendefa kana makapisi aunotora nemuromo, uye mhinduro inojekesa iyo vanopa hutano vanogona kukupa kuburikidza nejekiseni remhasuru. Fomu remuromo rinowanzoitika uye ndiro rinonyanya kushandiswa nevanhu kurapwa kwavo kweTB.

Isoniazid yanga iripo kubvira kuma1950 uye inoramba iri imwe yezvombo zvinobudirira zvatina nazvo kurwisa TB. Inoonekwa semushonga wakakosha neWorld Health Organisation nekuda kwerekodhi yayo yakaratidzwa mukurapa hutachiona hukuru uhu.

Chii chinonzi Isoniazid chinoshandiswa?

Isoniazid inorapa zvese chirwere cheTB chiri kushanda uye inobatsira kudzivirira TB muvanhu vakambobatwa nebhakitiriya. Chiremba wako achasarudza kuti ndeupi rudzi rwekurapa rwaunoda zvichienderana nemamiriro ako chaiwo.

Pachirwere cheTB chiri kushanda, isoniazid inowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete nemimwe mishonga yeTB mune izvo vanachiremba vanodana kuti combination therapy. Iyi nzira inobatsira kuona kuti bhakitiriya haizove nemishonga yekurapa uye inokupa mukana wakanakisa wekupora kwakakwana.

Mushonga uyu unoshandiswawo kurapa chirwere cheTB chakavanda, zvinoreva kuti une mabhakitiriya eTB mumuviri mako asi hausi kurwara. Muchiitiko ichi, isoniazid inobatsira kudzivirira mabhakitiriya kuti asaite basa uye kukukonzera kurwara. Kurapa uku kwekurapa kunokosha kana uine njodzi yakakura yekuwana TB inoshanda nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu akaita seHIV kana chirwere cheshuga.

Isoniazid Inoshanda Sei?

Isoniazid inoshanda nekukanganisa kugona kwemabhakitiriya eTB kuvaka nekuchengetedza masvingo avo emasero. Pasina masvingo akakodzera emasero, mabhakitiriya haagoni kurarama nekuzviparadzanisa mumuviri mako.

Funga nezvazvo sekubvisa hwaro kubva mumba - pasina chimiro ichi chakakosha, mabhakitiriya haagoni kungovapo. Iyi nzira yakatarwa inoita kuti isoniazid ive inoshanda zvakanyanya kurwisa mabhakitiriya eTB apo inowanzoita nyoro pamaseru ako ane hutano emuviri.

Mushonga uyu unoonekwa seune simba zvishoma, zvinoreva kuti une simba rakakwana kurwisa TB zvinobudirira asi kazhinji unokonzera mashoma mativi akakomba kupfuura mamwe maantibayoti. Zvisinei, inoda kutarisa zvakanyanya nachiremba wako kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti iri kushanda nemazvo uye haikonzeri matambudziko.

Ndinofanira Kutora Isoniazid Sei?

Tora isoniazid sezvakanyorwa nachiremba wako, kazhinji kamwe chete pazuva mudumbu risina chinhu. Izvi zvinoreva kuitora awa rimwe usati wadyisa kana maawa maviri mushure mekudya, sezvo chikafu chinogona kukanganisa kuti muviri wako unotora sei mushonga.

Kana ukaona kusagadzikana mudumbu, chiremba wako angakutendera kuti uitore nechikafu, asi izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa chete pasi pekutungamirirwa kwavo. Gara uchimedza mahwendefa kana makapisi ese negirazi remvura izere - usapwanye, kuputsa, kana kuitsenga kunze kwekunge wairairwa.

Kuti uwane mibairo yakanaka, edza kutora mushonga wako panguva imwe chete zuva rega rega. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza mazinga akagadzikana emushonga mumuviri wako uye zvinoita kuti zvikuyeuchire nyore dose yako yezuva nezuva. Kana uri kugamuchira majekiseni, nyanzvi yehutano ichavaendesa zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwako hwekurapa.

Ndinofanira Kutora Isoniazid Kwenguva Yakareba Sei?

Kureba kwekurapa kwako isoniazid kunoenderana nekuti uri kurapa TB inoshanda kana kuidzivirira kuti isaitike. YeTB inoshanda, iwe unowanzo tora isoniazid kwemwedzi mitanhatu kusvika kumapfumbamwe sechikamu chechirongwa chekurapa chakasanganiswa.

Kana uri kutora isoniazid kudzivirira TB (latent TB kurapwa), iwe unowanzoichida kwemwedzi mipfumbamwe. Vamwe vanhu vangangoda kosi pfupi yemwedzi mitanhatu, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvavo zvakakosha zverisiko uye nhoroondo yezvokurapa.

Zvakakosha kuti upedze kosi yese yekurapa, kunyangwe ukatanga kunzwa zviri nani usati wapedza. Kumira kare kunogona kutungamira mabhakitiriya kuti ave nemishonga, zvichiita kuti kurapwa kwemunguva yemberi kuve kwakaoma uye kunogona kuva nenjodzi.

Ndezvipi Zvakaipa zveIsoniazid?

Semishonga yese, isoniazid inogona kukonzera mhedzisiro, kunyangwe kwete munhu wese anoiziva. Mazhinji emhedzisiro akapfava uye anogoneka, asi zvakakosha kuziva zvekutarisa.

Mhedzisiro yakajairika yaungasangana nayo inosanganisira:

• Nausea kana dumbu rinogumbuka
• Kurasikirwa nechido
• Kuneta kana kunzwa kuneta
• Rash yeganda yakapfava
• Dizziness
• Musoro

Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzoita nani sezvo muviri wako uchigadzirisa kumushonga. Zvisinei, unofanira kubata chiremba wako kana vakava vanonetsa kana kusapera mushure memavhiki mashoma.

Vamwe vanhu vanogona kusangana nemhedzisiro yakakomba inoda kutarisirwa kwekurapa nekukurumidza:

• Kusvava kweganda rako kana maziso (jaundice)
• Weti yakasviba kana tsvina yakachenuruka
• Kurwadziwa kwakanyanya mudumbu
• Kurutsa kusingaperi
• Kuvava kana kunzwa sematsitsi mumawoko kana tsoka
• Kuchinja kwemaziso
• Kuitika kweganda kwakanyanya

Izvi zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya hazviwanzoitiki asi zvinogona kuratidza matambudziko echiropa kana kukuvadzwa kwetsinga. Kana ukaona chero zviratidzo izvi, rega kumwa mushonga uye taura nachiremba wako nekukasira.

Chimwe chinhu chisingawanzoitiki asi chakakomba chekuziva ihepatitis inokonzerwa nemishonga, iyo inokanganisa chiropa. Izvi zvinoitika kune vanhu vanenge 1-2% vachitora isoniazid uye zvinowanzoitika kune vanhu vanopfuura makore 35, avo vanonwa doro nguva dzose, kana vanhu vane matambudziko echiropa aripo.

Ndiani Asingafaniri Kutora Isoniazid?

Isoniazid haina kukodzera munhu wese, uye chiremba wako achanyatsoongorora nhoroondo yako yezvokurapa asati akunyora. Hau faniri kutora mushonga uyu kana uchiziva kuti une allergy kuisoniazid kana wakambove nematambudziko akakomba echiropa munguva yakapfuura.

Vanhu vane chirwere chechiropa chinoshanda kana ma enzymes echiropa akakwira zvakanyanya vanofanira kudzivisa isoniazid, sezvo ichigona kuwedzera matambudziko echiropa. Chiremba wako anogona kuraira bvunzo dzeropa kuti aongorore kushanda kwechiropa chako usati watanga kurapwa.

Kungwarira kwakakosha kunodiwa kana uine mamwe mamiriro anowedzera njodzi yako yemigumisiro:

• Chirwere cheitsvo
• Chirwere cheshuga
• Nhoroondo yekubata
• Peripheral neuropathy (kukuvadzwa kwetsinga)
• Kushandisa doro nguva dzose
• Kushaya chikafu
• HIV utachiona

Kana uine chero mamiriro aya, chiremba wako angangodaro achiri kunyora isoniazid asi achakutarisa zvakanyanya uye pamwe achagadzirisa chirongwa chako chekurapa. Vanogona zvakare kukurudzira zvinowedzera vhitamini B6 kubatsira kudzivirira migumisiro ine chekuita netsinga.

Vakadzi vane pamuviri nevanooyamwisa vanogona kutora isoniazid zvakachengeteka, sezvo ichionekwa seimwe yemishonga yeTB yakachengeteka panguva yekuzvitakura. Zvisinei, chiremba wako achanyatso kuyera mabhenefiti nenjodzi dzemamiriro ako chaiwo.

Mazita eBrand eIsoniazid

Isoniazid inowanikwa pasi pemazita akati wandei ebrand, kunyange zvazvo ichinyanya kunyorerwa semushonga wegeneric. MuUnited States, unogona kuona ichitengeswa seNydrazid, iyo iri imwe yemazita makuru ebrand.

Shanduro yeGeneric inoshanda zvakafanana neshando dzemazita ebrand uye inowanzoita mari shoma. Pharmacy yako inogona kutsiva otomatiki shanduro yegeneric kunze kwekunge chiremba wako achinyatsokumbira zita rebrand.

Mishonga yakati wandei inosanganisa isoniazid pamwe chete nemimwe mishonga yeTB. Izvi zvinosanganisira Rifamate (isoniazid pamwe chete ne rifampin) uye Rifater (isoniazid, rifampin, uye pyrazinamide), iyo inogona kuita kuti kurapwa kuve nyore nekuderedza nhamba yemapiritsi aunoda kutora.

Zvimwe Zvinhu zveIsoniazid

Nepo isoniazid iri kurapwa kwekutanga kweTB, kune dzimwe nzira dziripo kana iwe usingakwanise kuitora kana mabhakitiriya mumamiriro ako achidzivisa. Chiremba wako achasarudza imwe nzira yakanakisa zvichienderana nemamiriro ako chaiwo.

Imwe mishonga yekutanga yeTB inosanganisira rifampin, ethambutol, uye pyrazinamide. Izvi zvinowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete neisoniazid, asi zvinogonawo kushandiswa semamwe maitiro kana isoniazid isina kukodzera iwe.

Kune vanhu vane TB inodzivisa mishonga kana avo vasingakwanise kutsungirira mishonga yekutanga, sarudzo dzechipiri dziripo. Izvi zvinosanganisira mishonga yakaita sefluoroquinolones (yakadai selevofloxacin), mishonga inojekisika yakaita seamikacin, uye mishonga mitsva yakaita sebedaquiline uye delamanid.

Sarudzo yezvimwe zvinotsiva zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita serudzi rwebhakitiriya reTB raunaro, hutano hwako hwese, uye chero mamwe mishonga yaunotora. Chiremba wako achashanda pamwe chete nenyanzvi dzeTB kuti vaone chirongwa chakanakisa chekurapa nyaya yako chaiyo.

Ko Isoniazid iri nani pane Rifampin?

Isoniazid ne rifampin zvose mishonga mikuru yekutanga yeTB, asi inoshanda zvakasiyana uye inowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete panzvimbo pekuenzaniswa sezvimwe zvinotsiva. Imwe neimwe ine simba rayo uye inosarudzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ako chaiwo ekurapa.

Isoniazid inonyanya kushanda mukudzivirira TB muvanhu vane hutachiona hwakavanda uye inowanzo sarudzwa nechinangwa ichi. Iine nhoroondo refu yekuchengeteka uye kushanda, kunyanya kurapa kwekudzivirira kunotora mwedzi mipfumbamwe.

Rifampin, kune rumwe rutivi, ine simba rakanyanya kurwisa mabhakitiriya eTB uye inokosha pakurapa chirwere cheTB chine simba. Inogonawo kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi yekudzivirira kurapwa (kazhinji mwedzi mina) uye inogona kushivirirwa zviri nani nevamwe vanhu.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda zveTB inoshanda, iwe uchagamuchira mishonga yese pamwe chete nemamwe madhiragi eTB. Iyi nzira yekubatanidza inoshanda zvakanyanya pane kushandisa chero mushonga wega uye inobatsira kudzivirira mabhakitiriya kuti asave nemishonga yekurapa.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo Bvunzwa Nezve Isoniazid

Isoniazid Yakachengeteka Here yeDiabetes?

Hongu, isoniazid inogona kushandiswa zvakachengeteka muvanhu vane chirwere cheshuga, kunyangwe ichida kunyatsoongororwa. Chirwere cheshuga chinogona kuwedzera njodzi yako yekuvandudza peripheral neuropathy (kukuvadzwa kwetsinga) kubva kuisoniazid, saka chiremba wako achakutarisa zvakanyanya kuti uone zviratidzo zveichi chinetso.

Mupi wako wehutano angangokurudzira mavitamini B6 ekubatsira kudzivirira matambudziko etsinga. Vachatarisawo mazinga ako eshuga yeropa kakawanda, sezvo kurapwa kweTB dzimwe nguva kunogona kukanganisa kudzora chirwere cheshuga.

Ndoitei kana ndikashandisa zvakanyanya Isoniazid netsaona?

Kana ukatora isoniazid yakawanda netsaona kupfuura yakanyorwa, taura nachiremba wako kana nzvimbo inobata chepfu nekukasira. Kudya zvakanyanya mushonga uyu kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakakomba zvinosanganisira kusvotwa, kurutsa, dzungu, kuoma kufema, uye kunyange kubatwa nechando.

Usamirira kuti uone kana zviratidzo zvichioneka - tsvaga rubatsiro rwekurapa nekukasira. Uya nebhodhoro remushonga newe kuitira kuti vanopa hutano vazive chaizvo kuti wakatora zvakadii uye rini.

Ndingaita Sei Kana Ndikakanganwa Kudya Mushonga weIsoniazid?

Kana ukakanganwa kudya mushonga, udye paunorangarira, kunze kwekunge yava nguva yechikafu chako chinotevera. Muchiitiko ichocho, rega kudya mushonga wakakanganwa uye uenderere mberi nehurongwa hwako hwenguva dzose - usatore zvikafu zviviri panguva imwe chete kuti ugadzirise chikafu chakakanganwa.

Edza kutora chikafu chako chakakanganwa mukati me12 maawa kubva panguva yaunowanzo chidya. Kana zvapfuura nguva iyoyo, mirira chikafu chako chinotevera uye uenderere mberi sezvakajairika.

Ndingamira Rini Kudya Isoniazid?

Usambomira kutora isoniazid wega, kunyangwe ukanzwa zvakanaka zvachose. Unofanira kupedzisa nzira yese yekurapa sezvakanyorwa nachiremba wako, iyo inowanzoita mwedzi mitanhatu kusvika kumapfumbamwe yeTB inoshanda kana mwedzi mipfumbamwe yeTB yakavanzika.

Chiremba wako achasarudza kuti zvakachengeteka rini kumira zvichibva pakupindura kwako kurapwa, bvunzo dzekutevera, uye mhando chaiyo yeTB yaunayo. Kumira nekukurumidza kunogona kukonzera kukundikana kwekurapa uye kuramba kwemishonga.

Ndinganwa Doro Ndiri Kudya Isoniazid Here?

Zvakanaka kudzivisa doro uchidya isoniazid, sezvo zvese zviri zviviri zvinogona kukanganisa chiropa chako. Kunwa doro kunowedzera njodzi yako yekuvandudza matambudziko echiropa kubva kumushonga, izvo zvinogona kuva zvakakomba.

Kana ukasarudza kunwa dzimwe nguva, taura izvi nachiremba wako kutanga. Vanogona kukurudzira bvunzo dzechiropa dzakawanda kana kuratidza kudzivisa doro zvachose panguva yako yekurapa.