Chii chinonzi Carotid Ultrasound? Chinangwa, Matanho/Maitiro & Mhedzisiro

Carotid ultrasound imuedzo wakachengeteka, usingarwadzi unovhura masaisai eruzha kuti agadzire mifananidzo yemidziyo yeropa mumutsipa mako. Midziyo iyi, inonzi carotid arteries, inotakura ropa kubva mumoyo wako kuenda kuuropi hwako, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha zvikuru kuhutano hwako.

Funga nezvazvo sekutora foto, asi panzvimbo yeramuri, vanachiremba vanoshandisa masaisai eruzha anobva pamidziyo yeropa rako. Muedzo uyu unobatsira chiremba wako kuona kuti ropa rinoyerera sei nemumidziyo iyi uye kutarisa chero zvipingamupinyi kana kusvava zvingakanganisa ropa reuropi hwako.

Chii chinonzi carotid ultrasound?

Carotid ultrasound imuedzo wekuongorora usingapindi unotarisa carotid arteries mumutsipa mako. Midziyo miviri mikuru yeropa inofamba kumativi ese emutsipa wako uye inopa ropa rine okisijeni kuropi rwako.

Panguva yemuedzo, nyanzvi inofambisa mudziyo mudiki unonzi transducer pamutsipa wako. Mudziyo uyu unotumira masaisai eruzha akakwirira anogadzira mifananidzo chaiyo yemidziyo yako pachiratidziro chemakomputa. Maitiro ese haana kurwadza zvachose uye anotora maminitsi angangoita 30 kusvika 45.

Chiremba wako anogona kuona chimiro chemadziro emidziyo yako, kuyera kumhanya kweropa, uye kuona chero plaque buildup kana kusvava. Ruzivo urwu runobatsira kuongorora njodzi yako yekurohwa uye mamwe matambudziko akakomba.

Nei carotid ultrasound ichiitwa?

Vanachiremba vanokurudzira carotid ultrasound kunyanya kuti vatarise chirwere checarotid artery, icho chinoitika apo mafuta anonzi plaque anovaka mumidziyo yeropa iyi yakakosha. Kuonekwa kwekutanga kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira sitiroko dzisati dzaitika.

Chiremba wako angakurudzira muedzo uyu kana uine zviratidzo zvinogona kuratidza kudzikiswa kweropa kuropi rwako. Zviratidzo izvi zvekuyambira zvinofanirwa kutariswa nekuti zvinogona kuratidza kuti midziyo yako iri kusvava:

• Kushaya simba kamwe kamwe kana kuoma mitezo pachiso chako, ruoko, kana gumbo, kunyanya rimwe divi
• Kutadza kutaura kana kunzwisisa zvataurwa
• Matambudziko ekuona kamwe kamwe mune rimwe ziso kana maziso ese ari maviri
• Kurwadziwa nemusoro kwakanyanya pasina chikonzero chinozivikanwa
• Dizziness kana kurasikirwa nekuyera
• Zviratidzo izvi zvinongoerekana zvichioneka zvichienda

Miedzo iyi inokoshawo pakuongorora vanhu vane njodzi yekurohwa nechirwere, kunyangwe pavanonzwa zvakanaka. Kuongororwa nguva dzose kunogona kubata matambudziko nekukurumidza apo kurapwa kunonyanya kushanda.

Dzimwe nguva vanachiremba vanoshandisa carotid ultrasound kuongorora varwere vakambovhiyiwa pamitsipa yavo ye carotid. Izvi zvinobatsira kuona kuti kurapwa kuri kushanda zvakanaka uye kunobata chero matambudziko matsva anogona kukura nekufamba kwenguva.

Ndeipi nzira ye carotid ultrasound?

Nzira ye carotid ultrasound yakatwasuka uye inonakidza. Ucharara pasi kumusana kwako patafura yekuongorora, uye nyanzvi ichashandisa gel yakajeka, ine mvura kumativi ese emutsipa wako.

Gel inobatsira mafungu e ultrasound kufamba zviri nani pakati pe transducer neganda rako. Nyanzvi yacho inobva yafambisa transducer zvishoma nezvishoma pamutsipa wako, ichitsikirira zvinyoro nyoro kuti uwane mifananidzo yakajeka yemitsipa yako ye carotid.

Hezvino zvinoitika panguva yebvunzo yako, nhanho nhanho:

1. Uchabvisa chero zvishongo zvakatenderedza mutsipa wako uye kuchinja kuva gown rechipatara rinovhurika kumberi
2. Nyanzvi ichakuti urare pasi uye inogona kuisa pillow pasi pemapfudzi ako
3. Vachashandisa gel kumutsipa wako
4. Iyo transducer inofambiswa kumativi ese emutsipa wako kuti itore mifananidzo kubva kumakona akasiyana
5. Unogona kunzwa ruzha rwekufuridza - izvi zvakajairika uye zvinomiririra kuyerera kweropa rako
6. Nyanzvi inogona kukukumbira kuti utende musoro wako kana kubata mweya wako zvishoma kuti uwane mifananidzo yakajeka

Nzira yese inowanzo tora maminitsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana nemashanu. Unogona kutaura zvakajairika panguva yekuedzwa, uye vanhu vazhinji vanozviwana zvichizorodza. Gel inobviswa nyore nyore netauro kana bvunzo yapera.

Maitirwo ekugadzirira ultrasound yako ye carotid?

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakanakisa nezve carotid ultrasound ndechekuti inoda kugadzirira kushoma. Unogona kudya zvakajairika, kutora mishonga yako yenguva dzose, uye kuita mabasa ako enguva dzose usati waita bvunzo.

Chinhu chikuru chekuyeuka kupfeka mbatya dzakanaka dzinobvumira kuwana nyore kunzvimbo yako yemutsipa. Hembe inobata kumberi kana iine mutsipa wakasununguka inoshanda zvakakwana.

Unofanira kubvisa chero zvishongo zvakatenderedza mutsipa wako usati waita bvunzo, kusanganisira zvuma, chokers, kana mhete hombe dzinogona kukanganisa. Kana ukapfeka zvekubatsira kunzwa, unogona kuzvichengeta panguva yacho.

Zvinobatsira kusvika maminitsi mashoma kutanga kuti upedze chero mapepa anodiwa uye ugare zvakanaka. Uya ne runyorwa rwemishonga yako yazvino uye chero mhedzisiro yekuedzwa yapfuura ine chekuita nehutano hwako hwemoyo.

Maitirwo ekuverenga ultrasound yako ye carotid?

Mhedzisiro yako ye carotid ultrasound inotarisa kuyera kuti tsinga dzako dzakamanikana sei uye kuti ropa rinoyerera nekukurumidza sei kuburikidza nadzo. Chiyero chakakosha ndiyo muzana ye stenosis, iyo inokuudza kuti yakawanda sei tsinga yako yakavharika.

Mhedzisiro yakajairika inowanzo ratidza stenosis isingasviki 50%, zvinoreva kuti tsinga dzako dzakajeka uye ropa rinoyerera zvakasununguka. Kana stenosis yasvika 50-69%, vanachiremba vanoona izvi sekumanikana kwepakati kunoda kutarisa uye shanduko yehupenyu.

Hezvino maitiro anoita vanachiremba kududzira mazinga akasiyana ekumanikana kwetsinga:

• Kuderera kupfuura 50% stenosis: Kujeka kwakajairika kusvika pakati nepakati, kazhinji kunogadziriswa nekuchinja mararamiro
• 50-69% stenosis: Kujeka kwepakati nepakati kunoda kutarisirwa kwekurapa uye kuongororwa nguva dzose
• 70-99% stenosis: Kujeka kwakanyanya uko kazhinji kunoda kupindira kwekuvhiya
• 100% stenosis: Kuvharika kwakakwana kunoda kutarisirwa kwekurapa nekukurumidza

Chiremba wako achatarisawo kumhanya kweropa, izvo zvinovaudza kuti moyo wako unofanirwa kushanda zvakadii kuti udzivise ropa munzvimbo dzakamanikana. Kumhanya kwakanyanya kazhinji kunoratidza kuvharika kwakanyanya.

Mhedzisiro inotsanangurawo maitiro eplaque ipi neipi inowanikwa, kusanganisira kana yakagadzikana kana kusagadzikana. Plaque isina kugadzikana inounza njodzi dzakakwirira nekuti zvidimbu zvinogona kubvaruka uye kukonzera sitiroko.

Maitiro ekugadzirisa mazinga ako ecarotid ultrasound?

Kuvandudza mhedzisiro yako ye carotid ultrasound kunoenderana nekukomba kwekujeka kwakawanikwa uye hutano hwako hwese. Kune mild kusvika pakati nepakati stenosis, shanduko dzemararamiro dzinowanzoita mutsauko mukunonoka kana kutokanganisa kuvakwa kweplaque.

Nzira inonyanya kushanda inobatanidza tsika dzemararamiro ane hutano nekutarisirwa kwekurapa kana zvichidikanwa. Chiremba wako achashanda newe kuti ugadzire chirongwa chinoenderana nemamiriro ako chaiwo uye njodzi.

Izvi zvinoshanduka mararamiro zvinogona kubatsira kuvandudza hutano hwetsinga dzako nekufamba kwenguva:

• Kutevera chikafu chine hutano hwemoyo chine mafuta mashoma akazara uye akakwirira mumichero, miriwo, uye zviyo zvizere
• Kuita maekisesaizi nguva dzose, kunyangwe kungofamba maminitsi makumi matatu mazuva mazhinji
• Kusiya fodya, iyo inoderedza zvakanyanya kuvakwa kweplaque
• Kugadzirisa kushushikana kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwekuzorora kana mazano
• Kuchengetedza uremu hune hutano
• Kuganhurira kunwa doro

Kana stenosis iri pakati nepakati kusvika yakanyanya, chiremba wako angaraira mishonga yakaita se statins kudzikisa cholesterol, mishonga yekudzikisa ropa, kana mishonga yekutapudza ropa kuderedza njodzi yekuvharika. Izvi zvinoshanda pamwe chete nekuchinja mararamiro kuti zvipa dziviriro yakanaka.

Muzviitiko zve stenosis yakanyanya (70% kana kupfuura), sarudzo dzekuvhiya dzakadai se carotid endarterectomy kana carotid artery stenting dzinogona kurairwa. Maitiro aya anogona kudzorera kuyerera kweropa kwakajairika uye kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekurohwa.

Ndeipi nhanho yakanaka ye carotid ultrasound?

Mhedzisiro yakanaka ye carotid ultrasound inoratidza stenosis shoma (isingasviki 50%) ine kumhanya kweropa kwakajairika. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti tsinga dzako dze carotid dzakagwinya uye dzichipa ropa rakakwana kuuropi hwako.

Mhedzisiro yakanaka inowanzo sanganisira madziro etsinga akatsetseka pasina kuwanda kwakanyanya kwe plaque uye kumhanya kweropa mukati mehuwandu hwakajairika. Chiremba wako anoona maitiro ekuyerera kweropa anogara achienderana, asina kukanganiswa anoratidza tsinga dzine hutano, dzinoshanduka.

Zvisinei, zvinoonekwa se

Zera nemajenetikisi zvinotamba mabasa akakosha ausingakwanisi kuchinja, asi kuziva nezvazvo kunokubatsira kuti urambe wakangwarira. Varume vanowanzoita chirwere checarotid artery kare kupfuura vakadzi, uye kuva nemitezo yemhuri ine chirwere chemoyo kana sitiroko kunowedzera njodzi yako.

Mashoko akanaka ndewekuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokonzera njodzi zviri mukati mekutonga kwako. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuchinjwa zvine simba guru pahutano hwemitsipa yako:

• High blood pressure, iyo inokuvadza madziro emitsipa nekufamba kwenguva
• High cholesterol mazinga anobatsira pakuumbwa kwepaque
• Diabetes, iyo inokanganisa hutano hwemitsipa yeropa mumuviri wako wese
• Kusvuta, iyo inokurumidza kuumbwa kwepaque
• Kufutisa, kunyanya uremu hwakawandisa hwakatenderedza pakati pako
• Mararamiro ekugara pasina basa rekuita muviri
• Kudya kwakashata kwakanyanya mumafuta akazara uye chikafu chakagadzirwa

Vamwe vanhu vane mamiriro ezvinhu emagene akashata anokanganisa cholesterol metabolism kana ropa clotting, zvichivaita kuti vanyanye kutambudzwa nechirwere chemitsipa pazera diki. Sleep apnea uye mamiriro ekuzvimba kwenguva refu anogonawo kubatsira kuwedzera njodzi.

Kunzwisisa zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi yako kunokubatsira iwe nachiremba wako kusarudza kuti unofanirwa kuongororwa kakawanda sei carotid ultrasound uye matanho ekudzivirira angave akanakira mamiriro ako.

Zviri nani kuva necarotid stenosis yakakwira kana yakaderera?

Carotid stenosis yakaderera inogara iri nani nekuti zvinoreva kuti tsinga dzako dzakavhurika uye dzinogona kuendesa ropa rakakwana kuuropi hwako. Kuderera kwe stenosis kunoderedza njodzi yako yesitiroko uye zvimwe zvinetso zvakakomba.

Kana stenosis iri yakaderera (pasi pe50%), tsinga dzako dzinowanzoita kuti dzigone kupa ropa rose rinodiwa neuropi hwako panguva yezviitiko zvakajairika uye kunyangwe panguva dzekuwedzera kudiwa. Izvi zvinokupa margin yakakosha yekuchengeteka.

Kukwidziridzwa kwe stenosis kunowedzera kuva nenjodzi sezvo kuchifambira mberi. Moderate stenosis (50-69%) inoda kutarisa nekuchenjerera uye kurapwa kudzivirira kuipa, nepo severe stenosis (70% kana kupfuura) inounza njodzi dzinoda kupindira nekukurumidza.

Zvisinei, nzvimbo uye maitiro e stenosis anokoshawo. Dzimwe nguva munhu ane moderate stenosis munzvimbo yakakosha anoda kurapwa kwakanyanya kupfuura mumwe munhu ane stenosis yakakwira zvishoma munzvimbo isina kukosha.

Ndezvipi zvipingamupinyi zvinogona kuitika zve severe carotid stenosis?

Severe carotid stenosis inogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko akakomba, ne stroke iri iyo inonyanya kukosha. Kana tsinga dzako dze carotid dzakamanikidzwa zvakanyanya, uropi hwako hunogona kusagamuchira ropa rakakwana rine okisijeni kuti rishande zvakanaka.

Njodzi inokurumidza ndeye ischemic stroke, iyo inoitika kana kuyerera kweropa kune chikamu cheuropi hwako kwakavharika zvachose. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana ropa rikaumbwa mutsinga yakamanikidzwa kana kana chidimbu che plaque chikatyoka chikaenda kumidziyo midiki yeuropi.

Matambudziko aya anogona kukura ne severe carotid stenosis:

• Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), kazhinji inonzi "mini-strokes"
• Major ischemic stroke inokonzera kukuvadzwa kwehuropi kusingaperi
• Kuderera kweCognitive nekuda kwekuderera kweropa kuenda kuuropi
• Vascular dementia kubva kune dzakadzokororwa diki strokes
• Complete carotid artery occlusion (kuvharika)
• Retinal artery occlusion inokanganisa maonero

Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, severe stenosis inogona kukonzera chronic brain hypoperfusion, uko uropi hwako hunogara huchigamuchira ropa shoma kupfuura zvarinoda. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kune shanduko diki dze cognitive, matambudziko ememori, kana kuoma kuisa pfungwa.

Mashoko akanaka ndewekuti nekuchengetwa kwakakodzera kwekurapa, mazhinji ematambudziko aya anogona kudzivirirwa kunyangwe stenosis yakakomba. Kuongororwa nekukurumidza uye kurapwa kwakakodzera kunoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi idzi.

Ndezvipi zvingaitika kana uine carotid stenosis yakapfava?

Carotid stenosis yakapfava (isina kusvika 50%) kazhinji haina matambudziko nekukasika, asi inoratidza kuti atherosclerosis yatanga mumitsipa yako yeropa. Chinhu chikuru chinonetesa ndechekuti stenosis yakapfava inogona kuwedzera kuita kudikitira kwakanyanya nekufamba kwenguva.

Vanhu vazhinji vane stenosis yakapfava havana zviratidzo uye vanogona kurarama hupenyu hwakajairika, hunoshingaira. Zvisinei, kuvapo kwechero plaque buildup kunoratidza kuti uri panjodzi huru yematambudziko emwoyo mune ramangwana.

Zvinogona kuitika kwenguva refu ne stenosis yakapfava zvinosanganisira:

• Kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kuita moderate kana severe stenosis
• Kuvandudzwa kwe stenosis mune dzimwe tsinga
• Kuvandudzwa kwenjodzi yekurwadziwa kwemoyo kana sitiroko mune ramangwana
• Kuda kuongororwa kakawanda uye manejimendi ekurapa

Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, kunyange stenosis yakapfava inogona kukonzera matambudziko kana plaque isina kugadzikana uye ichikurumidza kubvaruka. Zvisinei, izvi hazviwanzowanikwi uye zvinowanzoenderana nezvimwe zvinhu zvine njodzi.

Chinhu chikuru ne stenosis yakapfava ndiko kudzivirira - kutora matanho ekudzivirira kuwedzera uchichengetedza hupenyu hwako hwazvino. Vanhu vazhinji vanogona kubudirira kubata stenosis yakapfava nekuchinja mararamiro uye kuongororwa nguva dzose.

Ndingafanira kuona chiremba rini kana ndawana mhedzisiro ye carotid ultrasound?

Unofanira kuona chiremba nekukurumidza kana uine chero zviratidzo zvingaratidza kudzikiswa kweropa kuenda muuropi hwako, zvisinei nemhedzisiro yako yapfuura ye carotid ultrasound. Zviratidzo izvi zvinoda kutarisirwa kwekurapa nekukasika.

Taura nachiremba wako nekukasika kana uine kusimba kamwe kamwe, kupera nhengo, kuoma kutaura, shanduko yekuona, kana kurwadziwa kwemusoro kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza sitiroko kana transient ischemic attack, izvo zvinokurumidza kurapwa.

Pakuongorora nguva dzose, chiremba wako achaita nguva dzekuonana nguva dzose zvichienderana nemigumisiro ye ultrasound yako. Mild stenosis inowanzo kudiwa kuongororwa makore 1-2 oga oga, nepo moderate stenosis ichida kuongororwa kakawanda mwedzi 6-12 oga oga.

Unofanirawo kuona chiremba wako kana ukawana zvinhu zvitsva zvinokonzera njodzi kana kana mamiriro akaita sediabetes kana high blood pressure achioma kudzora. Shanduko mumamiriro ako ehutano anogona kukanganisa chirongwa chako chekurapa.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve carotid ultrasound

Q.1 Ko kuyedzwa kwe carotid ultrasound kwakanaka pakuona njodzi ye stroke here?

Hongu, carotid ultrasound chishandiso chikuru chekuona njodzi ye stroke, kunyanya ye ischemic strokes inokonzerwa nekudziviswa kweropa kuenda kuuropi. Inogona kuziva kusvava mumitsipa yako ye carotid isati yatanga zviratidzo.

Kuyedzwa kunokosha nekuti hakusi kupinda mumuviri, hakuna kurwadza, uye kwakanyatsojeka pakuona stenosis yakakosha. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti carotid ultrasound inogona kuziva vanhu vane njodzi huru ye stroke, zvichibvumira kurapwa kwekudzivirira.

Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti carotid ultrasound inonyanya kuona njodzi kubva ku carotid artery disease. Dzimwe mhando dze strokes, dzakadai sedzinoitwa nematambudziko emoyo rhythm kana small vessel disease, dzinogona kusazivikanwa nekuyedzwa uku.

Q.2 Ko high carotid stenosis inokonzera dzungu here?

High carotid stenosis dzimwe nguva inogona kukonzera dzungu, kunyanya kana kusvava kuchideredza zvakanyanya kuyerera kweropa kuuropi hwako. Zvisinei, dzungu rine zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinogona kuitika, uye carotid stenosis ndechimwe chete chazvo.

Kana carotid stenosis ichikonzera dzungu, inowanzoenda nezvimwe zviratidzo zvakaita seushoma, kuoma kutaura, kana shanduko yekuona. Dzungu rinogona kuoneka zvakanyanya kana ukachinja nzvimbo nekukurumidza kana panguva yebasa remuviri.

Kana uri kusangana nekutadza kufamba nguva dzose, zvakakosha kuti uone chiremba wako kuti uongororwe zvakanaka. Vanogona kuona kana zviratidzo zvako zvine chekuita necarotid stenosis kana imwe mamiriro anoda kurapwa kwakasiyana.

Q.3 Ko carotid ultrasound inogona kuona matambudziko emoyo here?

Carotid ultrasound inonyanya kutarisa tsinga dzeropa dze carotid mumutsipa mako uye haiongorori moyo wako zvakananga. Zvisinei, inogona kupa zviratidzo pamusoro pehutano hwako hwemoyo nekuti atherosclerosis inowanzoita tsinga dzeropa dzakawanda.

Kana carotid ultrasound yako ikaratidza kuwanda kwakanyanya kwe plaque, chiremba wako angakurudzira mamwe maedzo ekuongorora moyo wako nemamwe tsinga dzeropa. Zvinhu zvakafanana zvinokonzera chirwere checarotid artery zvinowedzerawo njodzi yako yechirwere chemoyo.

Kune matambudziko chaiwo emoyo, chiremba wako anowanzo kuraira mamwe maedzo akaita se echocardiogram, EKG, kana cardiac stress test. Maedzo aya akagadzirirwa kunyatsotarisa kuti moyo wako uri kushanda sei.

Q.4 Ndingawana carotid ultrasound kakawanda sei?

Kuwanda kwecarotid ultrasound kunoenderana nezvinhu zvako zvengozi uye mhedzisiro yapfuura. Vanhu vazhinji vasina zviratidzo kana zvinhu zvengozi havadi kuongororwa nguva dzose, asi avo vane zvinhu zvengozi vangabatsirwa nekuongororwa nguva nenguva.

Kana uine mild stenosis, chiremba wako anowanzo kurudzira follow-up ultrasounds muna 1-2 years kuti atarise kufambira mberi. Moderate stenosis inowanzoita kuti utarise kakawanda, kazhinji muna 6-12 months.

Vanhu vane severe stenosis vasiri vakwikwidzi vekuvhiyiwa vangada ultrasounds muna 3-6 months. Chiremba wako achagadzira chirongwa chakagadzirirwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ako chaiwo uye zvinhu zvengozi.

Q.5 Pane njodzi here necarotid ultrasound?

Ultrasonic ye carotid inofungidzirwa kuva yakachengeteka zvikuru isina njodzi kana mhedzisiro. Muedzo uyu unoshandisa masaisai eruzha panzvimbo yeradiation, zvichiita kuti ive yakachengeteka kuvanhu vemazera ese, kusanganisira vakadzi vane pamuviri.

Chinetso chidiki chete igel rinoshandiswa panguva yemuedzo, iro vamwe vanhu vanoona richitonhora kana kuti richinyanya kusviba. Iyo gel inopukutwa nyore nyore uye haina kukonzera chero kutsamwa kweganda kune vanhu vazhinji.

Kazhinji, vanhu vane ganda rinonzwa vanogona kuona kutsamwa kudiki kubva kune gel, asi izvi hazviwanzoitiki uye zvinowanzoenda nekukurumidza. Muedzo haudi chero majekiseni, mishonga, kana maitiro anopinda mumuviri.