Chii chinonzi Hemodialysis? Chinangwa, Maitiro & Mhedzisiro

Hemodialysis imishonga inochenesa ropa rako kana itsvo dzako dzisingachakwanisi kuita izvozvo zvakanaka. Funga nezvayo seitsvo yekugadzira inosefa tsvina, mvura yakawandisa, uye chepfu kubva murwizi rwako rweropa uchishandisa muchina wakakosha uye sefa.

Mishonga iyi inoponesa hupenyu inova inodiwa kana chirwere cheitsvo chisingaperi chichifambira mberi kuita kukundikana kweitsvo, inonziwo chirwere cheitsvo chekupedzisira. Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa yekubatana nemuchina inganzwa ichikunda pakutanga, mamiriyoni evanhu pasi rose anorarama hupenyu hwakazara, hune musoro ne hemodialysis.

Chii chinonzi hemodialysis?

Hemodialysis imishonga yekutsiva itsvo inoita basa rinowanzoitwa neitsvo dzako. Ropa rako rinoyerera nemachubhu matete kuenda kumuchina we dialysis, uko rinopfuura nemusefa akakosha anonzi dialyzer.

Iyo dialyzer ine zviuru zvefayibha diki diki dzinovaka semusefa. Sezvo ropa rako richipfuura nemafayibha aya, tsvina uye mvura yakawandisa inopfuura nemumembrane apo maseru ako eropa akachena uye mapuroteni akakosha anogara murwizi rwako rweropa.

Ropa rakacheneswa rinobva radzokera kumuviri wako nemumwe chubhu. Maitiro aya anowanzo tora maawa 3-5 uye anoitika katatu pavhiki panzvimbo ye dialysis kana dzimwe nguva kumba.

Nei hemodialysis ichiitwa?

Hemodialysis inova inodiwa kana itsvo dzako dzichirasikirwa ne85-90% yebasa radzo. Panguva ino, muviri wako haugone kubvisa tsvina, mvura yakawandisa, uye kuchengetedza chiyero chakakodzera chemakemikari muropa rako.

Pasina mishonga iyi, chepfu dzinotyisa dzaizovaka mumuviri wako, zvichikonzera matambudziko akakomba. Chiremba wako achakurudzira hemodialysis kana basa reitsvo rako richidonha kusvika padanho apo muviri wako usingakwanisi kuchengetedza hutano hwakanaka wega.

Zvirwere zvakajairika zvinotungamira kukuda hemodialysis zvinosanganisira chirwere cheshuga, high blood pressure, polycystic kidney disease, uye autoimmune disorders zvinokuvadza itsvo nekufamba kwenguva.

Ndeipi nzira ye hemodialysis?

Nzira ye hemodialysis inotevera maitiro akanyatsojeka, nhanho-ne-nhanho akagadzirirwa kuchengeteka kwako uye kunyaradzwa. Usati wapiwa kurapwa kwako kwekutanga, unozoda nzira diki yekuvhiya yekugadzira vascular access, iyo inopa muchina we dialysis nzira yekusvika muropa rako.

Zvinotevera ndizvo zvinoitika panguva yega yega yega dialysis:

1. Vashandi vako ve dialysis vanokubatanidza kumuchina vachishandisa vascular access yako
2. Ropa rinoyerera kubva mumuviri wako kuburikidza nemachubhu kuenda ku dialyzer
3. Iyo dialyzer inosefa tsvina, chepfu, uye mvura yakawandisa kubva muropa rako
4. Ropa rakachena rinodzoka kumuviri wako kuburikidza nemachubhu akasiyana
5. Maitiro acho anoenderera mberi kwemaawa 3-5 iwe uchizorora, kuverenga, kana kuona TV

Munguva yekurapwa, michina inotarisa blood pressure yako, heart rate, uye mwero wekubviswa kwemvura. Vashandi vako ve dialysis vanogara pedyo kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti zvese zviri kufamba zvakanaka uye kugadzirisa marongero kana zvichidikanwa.

Maitiro ekugadzirira hemodialysis yako?

Kugadzirira hemodialysis kunosanganisira kugadzirira kwemuviri uye kwemanzwiro. Chikwata chako chehutano chichakutungamira kuburikidza nhanho yega yega, asi kunzwisisa zvekutarisira kunogona kubatsira kuderedza chero kushushikana.

Kutanga, unozoda kuve ne vascular access yakagadzirwa, iyo inowanzoitwa mavhiki akati wandei usati watanga dialysis. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri arteriovenous fistula, graft, kana catheter yenguva pfupi iyo inobvumira ropa kuyerera kuenda nekubva kumuchina we dialysis.

Usati wapiwa kurapwa kwega yega, pane zvinhu zvakati wandei zvaunogona kuita kuti ugadzirire:

• Tora mishonga yako sezvakanyorwa, kunze kwekunge chiremba wako achikurudzira zvimwe
• Idya chikafu chakareruka kana snack usati watora mushonga kudzivirira shuga yakaderera yeropa
• Pfeka mbatya dzakanaka, dzakasununguka dzine maoko anokwanisa kupetwa nyore nyore
• Uya nezvinhu zvekuzvivaraidza zvakaita semabhuku, mahwendefa, kana mimhanzi yenguva ye3-5 maawa
• Chengeta rekodhi yemvura yaunonwa pakati pemishonga

Chikwata chako chedialysis chichakudzidzisawo nezvekuchinja kwekudya kunogona kukubatsira kuti unzwe zviri nani uye kuita kuti mishonga ishande zvakanyanya. Iyi nzira yekudzidzisa inoitika zvishoma nezvishoma uye inotsigira, ichikupa nguva yekugadzirisa.

Maitiro ekuverenga mhedzisiro yako yehemodialysis?

Kunzwisisa mhedzisiro yako ye dialysis kunokubatsira kuti utarise kuti mushonga uri kushanda sei. Chikwata chako chehutano chichatsanangura nhamba idzi zvakadzama, asi hezvino zviyero zvakakosha zvavanotarisa.

Chiyero chakanyanya kukosha chinonzi Kt/V, chinoratidza kuti dialysis iri kubvisa tsvina yeropa rako sei. Kt/V ye1.2 kana kupfuura inoratidza dialysis yakakwana, kunyangwe chinangwa chako chingave chakasiyana zvichienderana nezvido zvako.

Zvimwe zviyero zvakakosha zvinosanganisira:

• URR (Urea Reduction Ratio): Inofanira kunge iri 65% kana kupfuura
• Mwero wekubviswa kwemvura: Mvura yakawandisa inobviswa sei panguva yemushonga
• Shanduko dzeropa: Inotarirwa isati, panguva, uye mushure memushonga
• Mabasa eLaboratori: Kusanganisira potassium, phosphorus, uye hemoglobin mazinga

Chikwata chako chedialysis chinotarisa mhedzisiro iyi nguva dzose uye chinogadzirisa chirongwa chako chemushonga sezvinodiwa. Usazeza kubvunza mibvunzo nezvekuti nhamba idzi dzinorevei kuhutano hwako uye kugara zvakanaka.

Maitiro ekuvandudza mushonga wako wehemodialysis?

Kuwana zvakanyanya kubva kuhemodialysis kunosanganisira kushanda padyo nechikwata chako chehutano uye kuita zvimwe zvinhu zvehupenyu. Mashoko akanaka ndeokuti shanduko duku dzinogona kuita musiyano mukuru mukuona kwaunonzwa.

Kutevera kudya kwakatemwa ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvaunogona kuita. Izvi zvinowanzoita kuti uderedze sodium, potassium, phosphorus, uye kunwa kwemvura pakati pekurapwa. Nyanzvi yako yezvokudya ichakubatsira kugadzira zvirongwa zvekudya zvine hutano uye zvinonakidza.

Kutora mishonga yako sezvakarairwa zvakakoshawo. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira phosphate binders, mishonga yekudzikisa BP, kana kurapwa kweanemia. Mushonga wega wega unoshanda nechinangwa chakatarwa chekukuchengeta uine hutano.

Kupinda nguva dzose mumasesheni e dialysis kwakakosha. Kusavapo pakurapwa kana kuapfupisa kunogona kukonzera kuwanda kwetoxins uye mvura mumuviri wako. Kana uine dambudziko nechirongwa, taura nechikwata chako nezve mhinduro dzinogoneka.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi yekuda hemodialysis?

Mamiriro akati wandei uye zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yako yekuvandudza kutadza kwematsvo kunoda hemodialysis. Kunzwisisa izvi zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi kunogona kubatsira pakuona nekudzivirira nekukurumidza pazvinogoneka.

Chirwere cheshuga ndicho chinokonzera kutadza kwematsvo munyika dzakawanda. Mazinga epamusoro eshuga yeropa nekufamba kwenguva anogona kukuvadza midzi yeropa midiki mumatsvo ako, zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza kugona kwavo kusefa marara zvinobudirira.

Zvinowanzoita njodzi zvinosanganisira:

• Chirwere cheshuga (kunyanya kana chisina kutarisirwa zvakanaka)
• High blood pressure inokuvadza midzi yeropa yematsvo
• Nhoroondo yemhuri yechirwere chematsvo
• Zera rinopfuura makore makumi matanhatu, sezvo basa rematsvo rinoderera zvakasikwa
• Chirwere chemwoyo
• Kufutisa
• Kusvuta

Zvisingawanzoitiki asi zvinhu zvakakosha zvinokonzera njodzi zvinosanganisira zvirwere zve autoimmune senge lupus, polycystic kidney disease, uye mamwe mishonga inogona kukuvadza itsvo nekufamba kwenguva. Vamwe vanhu vanogonawo kuva nemamiriro ezvinhu emagenetic anokanganisa basa rematsvo.

Ndezvipi zvinogona kukonzerwa ne hemodialysis?

Nepo hemodialysis inowanzova yakachengeteka uye inotsungirirwa zvakanaka, semamwe marapirwo echiremba, inogona kuva nemimwe migumisiro nemarwadzo. Mazhinji eaya anogona kutarisirwa nekuchengetwa kwakakodzera uye kuongorora.

Migumisiro yakajairika inoitika panguva kana nguva pfupi mushure mekurapwa uye inowanzoita nani muviri wako paunojairira. Izvi zvinosanganisira kurwadziwa kwemhasuru, dzungu, kusvotwa, uye kuneta sezvo muviri wako uchichinjana nemvura uye shanduko dzemakemikari.

Marwadzo akakomba asi asina kujairika anogona kusanganisira:

• Kuderera kweropa panguva yekurapwa
• Kutapukirwa panzvimbo yekuwana
• Mavhiri eropa mukati mekuwana
• Kusagadzikana kwemoyo
• Air embolism (isingawanzoitiki)

Marwadzo ane chekuita nekuwana anogona kuda mamwe maitiro ekuvaka kana kutsiva nzira yako yekuwana ropa. Chikwata chako chedialysis chinoongorora nyaya idzi uye chinotora matanho ekudzivirira kana zvichibvira.

Marwadzo enguva refu anogona kusanganisira chirwere chemapfupa, anemia, uye matambudziko emoyo. Zvisinei, nekuchengetwa kwakakodzera uye manejimendi ehupenyu, vanhu vazhinji vanoderedza njodzi idzi uye vanochengeta hupenyu hwakanaka.

Ndingatarisira riini chiremba nezve hemodialysis?

Kana iwe wakatove pa hemodialysis, unofanirwa kubata chikwata chako chehutano nekukasira kana iwe ukaona zviratidzo zvakasiyana. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza matambudziko anoda kutariswa nekukurumidza.

Fonera nzvimbo yako ye dialysis kana chiremba nekukasira kana ukaona zviratidzo zvehutachiona panzvimbo yako yekuwana, senge kutsvuka, kudziya, kuzvimba, kana kubuda. Fivha, kutonhora, kana kunzwa kusanzwa zvakanaka kunofanirwawo kukonzera kutariswa kwekurapa nekukasira.

Zvimwe zviitiko zvinoda kutarisirwa nekukurumidza zvinosanganisira:

• Kufema zvakanyanya kana kurwadziwa muchipfuva
• Kubuda ropa zvakanyanya kubva panzvimbo yako yekuwana
• Zviratidzo zvemavhiri eropa, senge kuzvimba mumaoko ako kana gumbo
• Kusvotwa kwakanyanya, kurutsa, kana kusakwanisa kuchengeta mvura pasi
• Kuchinja munzvimbo yako yekuwana, senge kurasikirwa nekunzwa kwekuzunguzira

Kune avo vasati vaita dialysis, kurukurai mukana uyu nachiremba wenyu weitsvo kana muchiita zviratidzo zvakaita se kuneta nguva dzose, kuzvimba, shanduko mukuyera weti, kana kusvotwa. Kuronga dialysis kare, kana zvichidikanwa, kunotungamira kumigumisiro iri nani.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve hemodialysis

Mubvunzo 1. Ko hemodialysis inorwadza here?

Hemodialysis pachayo haina kurwadza, kunyangwe iwe unogona kunzwa kusagadzikana apo tsono dzinoiswa panzvimbo yako yekuwana. Vanhu vazhinji vanotsanangura izvi sekunge vachitorwa ropa kana kuwana IV.

Panguva yekurapa, unogona kuona mhasuru dzichikora kana kunzwa kuneta sezvo muviri wako uchigadzirisa kushanduka kwemvura. Izvi zvinonzwa zvinowanzoita nani sezvo iwe uchijaira maitiro uye kurapwa kwako kunovandudzwa.

Mubvunzo 2. Munhu anogona kurarama kwenguva yakareba sei pa hemodialysis?

Vanhu vazhinji vanorarama kwemakore kana kunyange makumi emakore pa hemodialysis, zvichienderana neutano hwavo hwese, zera, uye kuti vanotevera sei chirongwa chavo chekurapa. Vamwe varwere vanorarama makore makumi maviri kana kupfuura vaine dialysis.

Hupenyu hwenyu hunoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira mamiriro ako ehutano ari pasi, kuti unogadzirisa sei chikafu chako nemishonga, uye kana iwe uri mukwikwidzi wekutapurirana itsvo.

Mubvunzo 3. Ndingafamba here ndiri pa hemodialysis?

Hongu, unogona kufamba uchiita hemodialysis nekugadzirira kwakakodzera. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dze dialysis dzine network dzinokutendera kuti ugamuchire kurapwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzekuzorora.

Unofanirwa kuronga kurapwa panzvimbo yaunoenda kare uye kubatana nechikwata chako che dialysis chemba. Vamwe vanhu vanodzidzawo kuita dialysis yemumba, iyo inogona kupa kuchinjika kwakawanda kwekufamba.

Mubvunzo 400 Ndingashanda here ndiri pa hemodialysis?

Vanhu vazhinji vanoenderera mberi vachishanda vachiita hemodialysis, kunyanya kana vachikwanisa kuronga zvirongwa zvakachinjika. Dzimwe nzvimbo dze dialysis dzinopa zvikamu zvemanheru kana mangwanani-ngwanani kuti zvienderane nezvirongwa zvebasa.

Kukwanisa kwako kushanda kunoenderana nezvinodiwa zvebasa rako, manzwiro aunoita panguva uye mushure mekurapwa, uye hutano hwako hwese. Vamwe vanhu vanoshanda nguva yakazara, asi vamwe vangada kuderedza maawa avo kana kuchinja rudzi rwebasa ravo.

Mubvunzo 5 Chii chinosiyanisa hemodialysis ne peritoneal dialysis?

Hemodialysis inoshandisa muchina kusefa ropa rako kunze kwemuviri wako, nepo peritoneal dialysis ichishandisa rukoko rwemudumbu rako (peritoneum) sechinhu chinosefa chechisikigo mukati memuviri wako.

Hemodialysis inowanzoitwa katatu pavhiki panzvimbo, nepo peritoneal dialysis inowanzoitwa zuva rega rega kumba. Chiremba wako wematsvo achakubatsira kusarudza kuti ndeupi rudzi rungave rwakanakira mararamiro ako uye zvaunoda zvekurapa.