Chii chinonzi Kupinza itsvo kubva kumupi mupenyu? Chinangwa, Maitiro & Mhedzisiro

Kupinza itsvo kubva kumupi mupenyu inzira yekuvhiya apo munhu ane hutano anopa imwe yemaitsvo avo kune mumwe munhu akatadza itsvo kana kuti itsvo dziri kutadza. Kurapa uku kunoponesa hupenyu kunopa mukana wakanakisa wekubudirira kwenguva refu kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe nzira dzekutsiva itsvo.

Kusiyana nekumirira itsvo kubva kune mumwe munhu akafa, kupa kubva kumunhu mupenyu kunobvumira kupinza kuti kuitike kana iwe nemupi wako muri muhutano hwakanaka. Muviri wako unogona kushanda zvakanaka neitsvo imwe chete ine hutano, izvo zvinoita kuti chipo ichi chinoshamisa chehupenyu chivepo.

Chii chinonzi kupinza itsvo kubva kumupi mupenyu?

Kupinza itsvo kubva kumupi mupenyu kunosanganisira kubvisa itsvo ine hutano kubva kumunhu mupenyu uye kuiisa mumunhu ane kutadza itsvo. Itsvo yakapihwa inotora basa rekusefa tsvina uye mvura yakawandisa kubva muropa rako.

Rudzi urwu rwekuisa itsvo runogona kubva kumitezo yemhuri, shamwari, kana kunyange vanhu vane moyo munyoro vanoda kubatsira. Mupi anopinda mukuedzwa kwakawanda kwekurapa uye kwepfungwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti vane hutano hwakakwana kuti vape zvakachengeteka. Zvichakadaro, iwe unozopindawo mukuedzwa kwakazara kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti wakagadzirira kugamuchira itsvo itsva.

Chinhu chakanaka nezvekupa itsvo ndechekuti vanhu vanozvarwa vaine itsvo mbiri asi vanongoda imwe chete kuti vararame hupenyu hwakajairika, hune hutano. Itsvo yasara inokura zvishoma kuti ibate basa rekuwedzera, uye vanopa vanowanzoona kusava nematambudziko ehutano kwenguva refu.

Nei kupinza itsvo kubva kumupi mupenyu kuchiitwa?

Kupinza itsvo kubva kumupi mupenyu kunokurudzirwa kana itsvo dzako dzisingachakwanisi kusefa tsvina uye chepfu kubva muropa rako nemazvo. Maitiro aya anokupa mukana wakanakisa wekudzokera kuhupenyu hwakajairika, hunoshingaira pasina miganhu ye dialysis.

Chiremba wako angakurudzira sarudzo iyi kana uine chirwere cheitsvo chekupedzisira chinokonzerwa nemamiriro akaita sediabetes, high blood pressure, polycystic kidney disease, kana autoimmune disorders. Mamiriro aya anokuvadza itsvo dzako zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika dzichishanda pazasi pe10-15% yesimba radzo renguva dzose.

Chinhu chikuru chakanakira chipo chehupenyu ndechokuti nguva. Panzvimbo pokumirira mwedzi kana makore pane runyorwa rwekutapurirana, unogona kuronga kuvhiyiwa paunenge uchiri utano hwakanaka. Tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti vanhu vanogamuchira itsvo kubva kuvapi vehupenyu vanowanzova nemigumisiro iri nani uye kutapurirana kunogara kwenguva refu zvichienzaniswa nevaya vanogamuchira itsvo kubva kuvapi vakafa.

Ndeipi nzira yekutapurirana itsvo kubva kumupi wehupenyu?

Kutapurirana itsvo kubva kumupi wehupenyu kunosanganisira kuvhiyiwa kuviri kwakasiyana asi kwakabatana kunoitika panguva imwe chete. Kuvhiyiwa kwemupi wako kunotarisa kubvisa zvakachengeteka itsvo imwe ine hutano, nepo kuvhiyiwa kwako kunosanganisira kuisa itsvo iyoyo mumuviri wako.

Kumupi wako, nzira yacho inowanzotora maawa 2-3 uye inowanzoitwa uchishandisa nzira shoma dzinopinda. Chiremba anovhiya anoita zvidimbu zvidiki mudumbu remupi uye anoshandisa kamera diki kutungamira kubviswa kweitsvo. Iyi nzira inotungamirira kukurumidza kupora uye kushoma scarring zvichienzaniswa nekuvhiya kwechinyakare.

Kuvhiyiwa kwako kunotora maawa anenge 3-4 uye kunosanganisira kuisa itsvo itsva mudumbu rako rezasi, kazhinji kurutivi rwerudyi. Zvinoshamisa kuti itsvo dzako dzinowanzoitwa dzichisiwa panzvimbo yekuti dziri kukonzera matambudziko. Itsvo itsva inobatanidzwa nemidziyo yeropa iri pedyo uye nebladderm yako, uye inowanzo kutanga kugadzira weti ipapo ipapo.

Kuvhiyiwa kwese kunoitika muchipatara chimwe chete, kazhinji mumakamuri ekuvhiya ari pedyo. Kubatana uku kunovimbisa kuti itsvo inopedza nguva shoma kunze kwemuviri, izvo zvinobatsira kuchengetedza basa rayo. Muchaongororwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo yekupora usati waendeswa kumakamuri ako echipatara.

Maitiro ekugadzirira transplant yeitsvo kubva kumupi mupenyu?

Kugadzirira transplant yeitsvo kubva kumupi mupenyu kunosanganisira mwedzi yakati wandei yekuongororwa kwekurapa, kugadzirisa mararamiro, uye kugadzirira kwemanzwiro. Iyi nzira yakazara inovimbisa kuti uri mumamiriro akanaka ekushanda uye kupora.

Chikwata chako chekurapa chichaita bvunzo dzakawanda kuti uongorore moyo wako, mapapu, chiropa, uye hutano hwako hwese. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira basa reropa, kuongorora mifananidzo, bvunzo dzemabasa emoyo, uye kuongororwa kwekenza. Iwe zvakare uchaonana ne transplant psychologist kuti ukurukure mativi emanzwiro ekugamuchira chipo ichi chinogadzirisa hupenyu.

Heano matanho akakosha aunozofanira kutora usati waita transplant yako:

• Pedzisa bvunzo dzese dzekurapa nemisangano inodiwa
• Gadzirisa majekiseni ako, sezvo mamwe majekiseni asingakwanise kupihwa mushure me transplant
• Pinda makirasi edzidzo ye transplant kuti udzidze nezve kutarisirwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa
• Gadzirira rutsigiro kumba panguva yekupora kwako
• Regedza kusvuta uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwedoro kana zvichibvira
• Chengetedza chikafu chakanaka uye kurovedza muviri sezvakatenderwa nechikwata chako
• Gadzirira imba yako kuti ipore nezvinhu zvinodiwa uye kugadzirisa

Mupi wako achapfuura nemaitiro akafanana ekuongorora kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti vane hutano hwakakwana kuti vape zvakachengeteka. Izvi zvinosanganisira mazano epfungwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti sarudzo yavo ndeyekuzvidira uye yakaziviswa zvakanaka.

Maitiro ekuverenga mhedzisiro yetransplant yako yeitsvo kubva kumupi mupenyu?

Mushure me transplant yako yeitsvo kubva kumupi mupenyu, chikwata chako chekurapa chichatarisa zviratidzo zvakati wandei zvakakosha kuti uongorore kuti itsvo yako itsva iri kushanda sei. Chiyero chakanyanya kukosha ndiyo serum creatinine level yako, iyo inoratidza kuti itsvo yako iri kusefa sei tsvina kubva muropa rako.

Mazinga akajairika e creatinine mushure mekuiswa kwechipimo anowanzoita kubva pa 1.0 kusvika pa 1.5 mg/dL, kunyangwe izvi zvichigona kusiyana zvichienderana nehukuru hwako, zera, uye huwandu hwemhasuru. Chiremba wako achagadzira chiyero chako chekutanga mumavhiki mushure mekuvhiyiwa, uye chero kuwedzera kukuru kungaratidza kuti itsvo yako haisi kushanda zvakanaka sezvayakaita.

Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakakosha zvinosanganisira yako blood urea nitrogen (BUN), iyo inoyera chimwe chigadzirwa chemarara, uye yako estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), iyo inofungidzira kuti itsvo yako inosefa ropa rakawanda sei paminiti. Iwe zvakare uchaita bvunzo dzeurini dzenguva dzose kuti utarise mapuroteni kana ropa, izvo zvinogona kuratidza matambudziko.

Mazinga emishonga yako achatariswa zvakanyanya, kunyanya mishonga yako yekudzivirira immune system inodzivirira kurambwa. Mishonga iyi inofanirwa kuchengetwa mukati mematunhu chaiwo ekudzivirira itsvo yako itsva uchideredza mhedzisiro.

Nzira yekuchengetedza hutano hwako hwekuiswa kweitsvo?

Kuchengetedza hutano hweitsvo yako yakaiswa kunoda kuzvipira kwehupenyu hwese kutora mishonga, kuenda kunotarisa nguva dzose, uye kuita sarudzo dzine hutano. Mashoko akanaka ndeokuti vanhu vazhinji vanowana maitiro aya achiva echisikigo nekufamba kwenguva.

Basa rako rakakosha nderekutora mishonga yako yekudzivirira immune system sezvakarairwa, zuva rega rega. Mishonga iyi inodzivirira immune system yako kubva pakurwisa itsvo yako itsva, asi inofanirwa kutorwa nguva dzose kuti ishande nemazvo. Usambofa wakasvetuka zvikamu kana kumira kuzvitora usina mvumo yachiremba wako.

Kugadzwa kwekutarisisa nguva dzose kwakakosha, kunyanya mugore rekutanga mushure mekuiswa. Pakutanga, unogona kushanyira timu yako yekuiswa kaviri pasvondo, asi izvi zvinononoka zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika pamwedzi, wobva wamwedzi mishoma sezvo itsvo yako ichigadzikana. Kushanya uku kunosanganisira bvunzo dzeropa, bvunzo dzemuviri, uye kugadzirisa mishonga.

Heano matanho akakosha ekudzivirira itsvo yako yakaiswa:

• Torai mishonga yese sezvakarairwa, panguva imwechete mazuva ese
• Chengetai nguva dzese dzakatarwa dzekutevera
• Chengetai kudya kwakanaka nemapoka akakodzera uye sodium shoma
• Rambai muchiita maekisesa nemvumo yachiremba wenyu
• Zvidzivirirei kubva kuzvirwere kuburikidza neutsanana hwakanaka uye kudzivisa mapoka kana muchirwara
• Pfuurai sunscreen uye mbatya dzekudzivirira nekuda kwengozi yakawedzera yekenza
• Dzivisa kusangana nevanhu vane zvirwere zvinotapukira
• Shumirai chero zviratidzo kana kunetseka kuchikwata chenyu chekutapurirana nekukasira

Chikwata chenyu chekutapurirana chichapa nhungamiro dzakadzama pamusoro pezvokudya zvekudzivisa, maitiro ekudzivirira zvirwere, uye nguva yekutsvaga rubatsiro rwekurapa. Kutevera mazano aya kunobatsira kuona kuti itsvo yenyu itsva inoramba ichishanda zvakanaka kwemakore mazhinji.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvine njodzi yematambudziko ekutapurirana itsvo?

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yematambudziko mushure mekutapurirana itsvo kubva kumupi wechipo mupenyu. Kunzwisisa njodzi idzi kunobatsira iwe nechikwata chako chekurapa kutora matanho ekudzikisa uye kubata chero matambudziko ekutanga.

Zera rinoita basa, sezvo vagamuchiri vakuru vangave nenjodzi yakakwira yematambudziko uye kupora kunononoka. Zvisinei, zera riri roga harikubvise pakutapurirana kana uine hutano hwakanaka. Hutano hwako hwese, kusanganisira mamiriro akadai sechirwere cheshuga, chirwere chemoyo, kana kuvhiyiwa kwakapfuura, kunokanganisawo nhanho yako yenjodzi.

Zvinonyanya kukosha zvinosanganisira:

• Chirwere cheshuga kana kutadza kudzora shuga yeropa
• Chirwere chemoyo kana ropa rakakwira
• Kutapurirana nhengo dzakapfuura kana kuvhiyiwa kwakawanda
• Kufutisa kana matambudziko akakura ehuremu
• Nhoroondo yekenza kana zvirwere zvakati
• Kusvuta kana kushandisa zvinodhaka
• Kushaya rutsigiro rwemagariro kana kutadza kutevera mirairo yekurapa
• Zvimwe zvinhu zvemajini zvinokanganisa metabolism yemishonga

Zvikonzero Zvinokosha Zvekufunga Nezvekuisa itsvo kubva kumunhu mupenyu

Chikwata chako chekufambisa itsvo chinonyatsoongorora zvinhu izvi panguva yekutanga kuongorora. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuvandudzwa pamberi pekuiswa itsvo nekuchinja mararamiro, manejimendi akanaka ekurapa, kana mamwe marapirwo.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinogona kuitika kana uine itsvo kubva kumunhu mupenyu?

Nepo kuisa itsvo kubva kumunhu mupenyu kazhinji kuchibudirira, zvakakosha kunzwisisa matambudziko anogona kuitika. Matambudziko mazhinji anogadzirisika kana akabatwa nekukurumidza, ndosaka kuongorora nguva dzose kuchikosha.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kurambwa kweitsvo, uko immune system yako inorwisa itsvo yakaendeswa. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kunyange makore mushure mekuiswa itsvo, ndosaka uchizofanira kutora mishonga yekudzivirira immune system yehupenyu hwako hwese. Kurambwa kwakanyanya kunogona kurapwa zvakabudirira kana kwawanikwa nekukurumidza kuburikidza nekuongorora ropa nguva dzose.

Heano matambudziko makuru ekuziva nezvawo:

• Kurambwa kweitsvo (kwakanyanya kana kusingaperi)
• Kuwedzera njodzi yekutapukirwa nekuda kwemishonga yekudzivirira immune system
• Mukana wepamusoro wekuvandudza mamwe marudzi ekenza, kunyanya kenza yeganda
• Matambudziko emoyo nemitsipa kusanganisira high blood pressure uye chirwere chemoyo
• Chirwere chemapfupa uye kuwedzera njodzi yekutyoka
• Mhedzisiro yemishonga kusanganisira chepfu yeitsvo
• Matambudziko ekuvhiya senge kubuda ropa, ropa rinovhara, kana matambudziko ekupora kwemaronda
• Chirwere cheshuga kana kuwedzera kwechirwere cheshuga chiripo

Matambudziko asingawanzoitiki asi akakomba anosanganisira hutachiona hwakakomba, mamwe marudzi e lymphoma, uye matambudziko nemidziyo yeropa yakabatana neitsvo yako itsva. Chikwata chako chekuisa itsvo chinoongorora zvese zvinogoneka izvi kuburikidza nekuongorora nguva dzose uye kuongorora.

Mashoko akanaka ndewekuti vanhu vazhinji vanogamuchira itsvo kubva kumunhu mupenyu vanoita zvakanaka kwenguva refu. Nekutarisirwa kwakakodzera uye kuongorora, itsvo dzakawanda dzakaiswa itsvo dzinogona kushanda zvakanaka kwemakore gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri kana kupfuura.

Ndinofanira kuona chiremba rini mushure mekuiswa itsvo?

Unofanira kutaurirana nechikwata chako chekutapurirana ipapo kana ukaona chero zviratidzo zvinonetesa mushure mekutapurirana itsvo yako. Kuona nekukurumidza uye kurapwa kwematambudziko kazhinji kunogona kudzivirira matambudziko akakomba uye kuchengetedza itsvo yako itsva.

Fivha ndechimwe chezviratidzo zvinonyanya kukosha zvekutarisa. Chero tembiricha iri pamusoro pe100.4°F (38°C) inogona kuratidza hutachiona, hunogona kuva nengozi kana uri kutora mishonga yekudzivirira immune. Usamirira kuti uone kana ichienda yega.

Taura nechikwata chako chekutapurirana ipapo kana ukaona:

• Fivha iri pamusoro pe100.4°F (38°C)
• Zviratidzo zvakaita sefuruu zvinosanganisira kutonhora, kurwadziwa kwemuviri, kana kuneta
• Kuderera kwemvura yeweti kana shanduko mumavara eweti
• Kuzvimba mumakumbo ako, zvitsitsinho, kana kutenderedza maziso ako
• Kuwedzera uremu kamwe kamwe (kupfuura 2-3 mapaundi pazuva)
• Kurwadziwa kana kunzwa pamusoro peitsvo yako yakatapurirwa
• Nausea, kurutsa, kana kusakwanisa kuchengeta mishonga pasi
• Kufema kwemhepo kana kurwadziwa muchipfuva
• Kurwadziwa kwemusoro kwakanyanya kana shanduko mukuona
• Chero mapundu matsva, mabhampu, kana shanduko dzeganda

Unofanirawo kusvika kana uine mibvunzo pamusoro pemishonga yako, ukasaisa madosi, kana ukaona mhedzisiro. Chikwata chako chekutapurirana chiripo kuti chikutsigire, uye vanoda kunzwa kubva kwauri nezvekunetseka kudiki pane kubata nematambudziko makuru gare gare.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezvekutapurirana itsvo kubva kumupi mupenyu

Q.1 Ko kutapurirana itsvo kubva kumupi mupenyu kuri nani pane dialysis here?

Hongu, kutapurirana itsvo kubva kumupi mupenyu kazhinji kunopa zvakanakira zvakakosha pane kugara pa dialysis kwenguva refu. Vanhu vazhinji vanowana mhando yehupenyu iri nani, kuwedzera simba, uye mashoma ekudya mushure mekutapurirana kwakabudirira.

Tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti vanhu vane kidney transplants vanowanzo rarama kwenguva refu kupfuura avo vanoramba vachishandisa dialysis. Iwe zvakare uchava nerusununguko rwakawanda rwekufamba, kushanda, uye kutora chikamu mumabasa usingasungirirwe kune dialysis schedule. Zvisinei, transplant inoda mishonga yehupenyu hwese uye kuongororwa nguva dzose.

Q.2 Munhu anopa (donor) anowana matambudziko ehutano enguva refu here?

Vanopa kidney vakawanda vanorarama hupenyu hwakajairika, hune hutano mushure mekubatsira pasina matambudziko ehutano enguva refu. Zvidzidzo zvichitevera vanopa kwemakumi emakore zvinoratidza kuti vane tarisiro yehupenyu imwechete sevanhu vese.

Vanopa vanoda kuongororwa nguva dzose kuti vatarise basa rekidney yavo uye BP. Kazhinji, vamwe vanopa vanogona kukudziridza BP yakakwira kana basa rekidney rakaderera zvishoma gare gare muhupenyu, asi matambudziko akakomba haawanzoitiki kana vanopa vakaongororwa zvakanyatsonaka.

Q.3 Kidney kubva kumunhu mupenyu inowanzo gara kwenguva yakareba sei?

Kidney kubva kune vanopa vanorarama vanowanzo shanda zvakanaka kwemakore 15-20 kana kupfuura, nevamwe vachigara kwenguva refu. Hupenyu chaihwo hunoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita se zera rako, hutano hwese, maitiro ako ekuzvichengeta, uye maitiro ako ekutevera kurapwa kwako.

Kidney kubva kune vanopa vanorarama vanowanzo gara kwenguva refu kupfuura kidney kubva kune vakafa nekuti vane hutano hwakanaka pakutanga uye vanopedza nguva shoma kunze kwemuviri. Kutora mishonga yako nguva dzose uye kuchengetedza tsika dzakanaka dzehutano kunobatsira kuwedzera hupenyu hwekidney yako.

Q.4 Ndingave ne transplant ye kidney inopfuura imwe here?

Hongu, zvinogoneka kuva ne transplant yechipiri ye kidney kana yekutanga yako ikazokundikana. Vanhu vazhinji vakagamuchira zvakabudirira transplants yechipiri kana yechitatu, kunyangwe transplant yega yega inogona kuva yakaoma zvishoma nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemuviri mumuviri wako.

Chikwata chako chekutapurira chichakutarisisa kuti uwanewo kumwe kutapurirwa uchishandisa zvinhu zvakafanana nezvekutanga. Kana uri munhu anokodzera, unogona kuwana rimwe itsvo kubva kumupi mupenyu kana kumirira imwe kubva kumupi akafa.

Mubvunzo 5: Chii chinoitika kune itsvo dzangu dzekutanga mushure mekutapurirwa?

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, itsvo dzako dzekutanga dzinosiirwa panzvimbo mushure mekutapurirwa kunze kwekunge dzichikonzera matambudziko chaiwo senge zvirwere, ropa rakanyanya, kana kutora nzvimbo yakawanda. Itsvo yako itsva inowanzoiswa mudumbu rako rezasi, yakaparadzana neitsvo dzako dzekutanga.

Itsvo dzako dzekutanga dzinogona kuramba dzichigadzira huwandu hudiki hweweti kunyangwe dzakundikana, uye kuzvisiira panzvimbo kazhinji hakukonzere matambudziko. Zvisinei, kana dzikava nematambudziko, dzinogona kubviswa mukuvhiyiwa kwakasiyana.