Chii chinonzi Mammogram? Chinangwa, Maitiro & Mhedzisiro

Mammogram ndiyo bvunzo yeX-ray yemazamu ako inobatsira vanachiremba kuona gomarara remuzamu nemamwe mamiriro emuzamu nekukurumidza. Iyi bvunzo yakakosha yekufananidza inogona kuona shanduko mumuzamu inogona kusanzwika panguva yekuongorora kwemuviri, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yemidziyo yakakosha yekuchengetedza hutano hwemazamu.

Funga nezve mammogram sekuongorora kuchengeteka kwemazamu ako. Sezvaungaita kuti mota yako iongororwe nguva dzose kuti ubate matambudziko asati akura, mammograms inobatsira kubata shanduko yemuzamu kana ichirapika zvakanyanya.

Chii chinonzi mammogram?

Mammogram inoshandisa low-dose X-rays kugadzira mifananidzo yakadzama yemukati memazamu ako. Panguva yebvunzo, nyanzvi inoisa zamu rako pakati pemahwendefa maviri epurasitiki anotsikirira tishu kuti riparadzanise zvakaenzana.

Kutsikirira uku kunogona kunzwa kusagadzikana kwechinguvana, asi zvakakosha kuti uwane mifananidzo yakajeka yetishu rese remuzamu. Maitiro ese anowanzo tora maminitsi makumi maviri, kunyangwe kutsikirira chaiko kunongogara masekondi mashoma emufananidzo wega wega.

Kune mhando mbiri huru dzemammograms dzaungasangana nadzo. A screening mammogram inoongorora gomarara remuzamu muvakadzi vasina zviratidzo, nepo diagnostic mammogram ichiongorora zvinokunetsa zvakaita semabundu kana kurwadziwa kwemuzamu.

Nei mammogram ichiitwa?

Mammograms inonyanya kuitwa kuti iongorore gomarara remuzamu usati wanzwa mabundu iwe kana chiremba wako. Kuonekwa nekukurumidza kuburikidza nemammography kunogona kuwana magomarara kana ari madiki uye asina kupararira kumaguru.

Chiremba wako anogona zvakare kukurudzira mammogram kana ukaona shanduko mumazamu ako. Shanduko idzi dzinogona kusanganisira mabundu, kurwadziwa kwemuzamu, kubuda kwemazamu, kana shanduko yeganda senge dimpling kana puckering.

Sangano zhinji dzemishonga dzinokurudzira kuti vakadzi vatange kuongororwa nguva dzose kwemammogram pakati pemakore 40 ne 50, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvavo zvine njodzi. Vakadzi vane zvinhu zvakanyanya njodzi, zvakadai senhoroondo yemhuri yegomarara rezamu kana shanduko dzemajini dzakadai seBRCA1 kana BRCA2, vangangoda kutanga kuongororwa kare.

Ndeipi nzira yemammogram?

Nzira yemammogram yakatwasuka uye inowanzoitika muchipatara kana nzvimbo yekufananidza. Iwe uchakumbirwa kubvisa hembe kubva muchiuno kumusoro uye kupfeka gown rechipatara rinovhurika kumberi.

Hezvino zvinoitika panguva yekugadzwa kwako kwemammogram:

1. Nyanzvi yezve tekinoroji ichakugadzirisa iwe uchimira pamberi pemuchina wemammography
2. Zamu rako richaiswa pane ndiro yepurasitiki yakajeka
3. Imwe ndiro inoburuka kubva kumusoro uye inotsikirira zamu rako kuti riparadzanise tishu
4. Uchakumbirwa kubata mweya wako kwemasekonzi mashoma apo X-ray inotorwa
5. Maitiro acho anodzokororwa kubva kumakona akasiyana, kazhinji maonero maviri pazamu rimwe nerimwe
6. Maitiro ese anowanzo tora maminitsi gumi nemashanu

Kutsikirira kunogona kusagadzikana, asi ipfupi uye inodiwa kumifananidzo yakajeka. Vamwe vakadzi vanozviwana zvichibatsira kuronga mammogram yavo vhiki mushure memwedzi yavo apo mazamu haana kunyanya kupfava.

Maitiro ekugadzirira mammogram yako?

Kugadzirira mammogram yako kuri nyore uye kunogona kubatsira kuona mifananidzo yakanakisa. Chinhu chakanyanya kukosha ndekudzivisa kushandisa deodorant, antiperspirant, powder, kana lotion pamazamu ako kana pasi pemapfudzi pazuva rekuongorora kwako.

Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinogona kuoneka semavara machena pamifananidzo ye mammogram, iyo inogona kukanganiswa nekuda kwekusarongeka. Kana iwe ukakanganwa uye ukashandisa zvigadzirwa izvi, usanetseka - nzvimbo iyi ichave iine wipes iripo kuti izvichenese.

Funga nezvematipi aya ekuwedzera ekugadzirira kuti chiitiko chako chinyanye kugadzikana:

• Pfeka mbatya dzine zvidimbu zviviri kuti ubvise chete chikamu chepamusoro
• Ronga mammogram yako vhiki rinotevera kuenda kumwedzi kwako apo mazamu ako haanyanyi kurwadza
• Dzivisa caffeine usati waenda kumusangano wako, nekuti inogona kuwedzera kurwadza kwemazamu
• Uya nerondedzero yemishonga yose yaunotora
• Zivisa nyanzvi kana uine breast implants kana wakambovhiyiwa mazamu

Kana uri nepamuviri kana uchifunga kuti ungave une pamuviri, zivisa chiremba wako usati waronga mammogram yako. Kunyange zvazvo mammograms zvakachengeteka, chiremba wako angakurudzira kumirira kana kushandisa dzimwe nzira dzekuongorora.

Nzira yekuverenga mhedzisiro yako ye mammogram?

Mhedzisiro yeMammogram inowanzo shumwa vachishandisa sisitimu inonzi BI-RADS, iyo inomirira Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. Iyi sisitimu yakajairika inobatsira vanachiremba kutaura zvavanowana zvakajeka uye kuona kuti ungada kutarisirwa kwakadii.

Mhedzisiro yako ichaiswa muzvikamu pachiyero kubva pa0 kusvika pa6, nenhamba imwe neimwe ichiratidza zvawanikwa:

1. BI-RADS 0: Zvimwe zvekufungidzira zvinodiwa - izvi hazvirevi kuti chimwe chinhu hachina kunaka, kungoti mifananidzo yakawanda inodiwa
2. BI-RADS 1: Mammogram yakajairika - hapana zviratidzo zvekenza kana zvimwe zvakakosha zvawanikwa
3. BI-RADS 2: Zvawanikwa zvakanaka - shanduko dzisiri dzekenza dzisingade kuteverwa
4. BI-RADS 3: Zvichida zvakanaka - mukana mudiki wekenza, kuteverwa kwenguva pfupi kunokurudzirwa
5. BI-RADS 4: Kusanzwisisika kusina kujairika - biopsy inofanira kufungwa
6. BI-RADS 5: Inoratidza zvakanyanya kenza - biopsy inokurudzirwa zvakasimba
7. BI-RADS 6: Kenza inozivikanwa - inoshandiswa kune mammograms dzakaitwa mushure mekuongororwa kwekenza

Mhedzisiro yakawanda ye mammogram inowira muzvikamu 1 kana 2, zvinoreva zvakajairika kana zvakanaka zvawanikwa. Kana mhedzisiro yako ikaratidza chikamu 3 kana kupfuura, chiremba wako achakurukura matanho anotevera newe, ayo angasanganisira mamwe mafungiro kana biopsy.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoisa njodzi yemhedzisiro isina kujairika ye mammogram?

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera mukana wako wekuona shanduko pama mammogram ako, kunyangwe zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti shanduko zhinji dzemazamu hadzina kenza. Kunzwisisa izvi zvinhu zvinogona kukubatsira iwe nachiremba wako kuti uite sarudzo dzine ruzivo nezvehutano hwemazamu ako.

Zera ndicho chinhu chikuru chinowedzera njodzi yekenza yemazamu uye kuwanikwa kwemammogram kusina kujairika. Sezvaunokura, njodzi yako inowedzera, nekuti mazhinji ekenza yemazamu anoitika muvakadzi vane makore anopfuura 50.

Heano zvinhu zvikuru zvinowedzera njodzi zvinogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro yako ye mammogram:

• Nhoroondo yemhuri yekenza yemazamu kana ovarian cancer, kunyanya muhama dzepedyo
• Nhoroondo yako yekenza yemazamu kana mamwe mamiriro emuzamu asina njodzi
• Genetic mutations senge BRCA1, BRCA2, kana mamwe ma hereditary cancer syndromes
• Dense breast tissue, iyo inogona kuita kuti mammograms zvinyanye kuverenga
• Kurapa kwe radiation yapfuura, kunyanya pazera diki
• Kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwe hormone replacement therapy
• Kusambova nevana kana kuva nemwana wako wekutanga mushure memakore makumi matatu
• Kutanga kuenda kumwedzi kare (pamberi pemakore 12) kana kupera kwemwedzi kwakanyanya (mushure memakore 55)

Kuva nechinhu chimwe chete kana zvimwe zvinowedzera njodzi hazvireve kuti uchawana kenza yemazamu. Vakadzi vazhinji vane zvinhu zvinowedzera njodzi havambotori chirwere, nepo vamwe vasina zvinhu zvinowedzera njodzi vachiita.

Ndezvipi zvingaitika zve mammograms?

Mammograms kazhinji maitiro akachengeteka kwazvo aine njodzi shoma. Radiation exposure kubva ku mammogram yakaderera kwazvo - ingangoita huwandu hwakafanana hwaungagamuchira kubva kumashure radiation pamusoro pemavhiki manomwe ehupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwakajairika.

“Chinetso” chinowanzoitika kusagadzikana panguva yekumanikidza chikamu chebvunzo. Kusagadzikana uku ndekwechinguvana uye kwakakosha kuti uwane mifananidzo yakajeka yezvinyama zvako zvemazamu.

Heano matambudziko asingawanzoitiki uye zvekufunga nezvazvo:

• Kutambudzika kwemazamu kwenguva pfupi kana kupwanyika kubva mukumanikidzwa
• Mhedzisiro yenhema-yakanaka inogona kukonzera kushushikana uye kutungamira kumiedzo yekutevera isingakoshi
• Mhedzisiro yenhema-isina kunaka inogona kupotsa mamwe magomarara, kunyanya muvakadzi vane nyama yechipfuwo yakakora
• Kuratidzwa kwemwaranzi, kunyangwe njodzi iri diki kwazvo
• Kudana kuti uwane mamwe mafoto, izvo zvinoitika mune angangoita 10% yemammogram yekutarisa

Kubatsirwa kwemammography kunodarika njodzi idzi diki kuvakadzi vazhinji. Kana uine zvinokunetsa nezve chero chinhu che mammography, taura navo nemupi wako wehutano.

Ndingatarisira riini chiremba nezve mhedzisiro ye mammogram?

Mhedzisiro yako ye mammogram ichatumirwa kuchiremba wako, uyo achakubata nemhedzisiro. Nzvimbo zhinji dzinofanirwa kukutumira pfupiso yemhedzisiro yako mukati memazuva makumi matatu, kunyangwe vazhinji vachipa mhedzisiro nekukurumidza.

Unofanira kubata chiremba wako kana usina kunzwa nezve mhedzisiro yako mukati memavhiki maviri emammogram yako. Usafungidzira kuti hapana nhau dzakanaka - zvakakosha kutevera pamiedzo yese yekurapa.

Heano mamiriro chaiwo aunofanira kusvika kumupi wako wehutano:

• Hauwana mhedzisiro yako mukati memavhiki maviri
• Une mibvunzo nezve mhedzisiro yako isina kujekeswa zvakajeka
• Mhedzisiro yako inoratidza kuti unoda mamwe mafoto kana kutevera
• Unoona shanduko itsva yechipfuwo mushure memammogram yako
• Wakakodzera kuongororwa kwako kunotevera mammogram

Rangarira kuti kudana kuti uwane mamwe mafoto zvakajairika uye hazvireve kuti une gomarara. Chiremba wako aripo kuti akutungamirire kuburikidza nemaitiro uye kupindura chero mibvunzo yaungave uine.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve mammograms

Q1: Kuongororwa kwe mammogram kwakanaka pakutsvaga gomarara remazamu here?

Hongu, kuongororwa kwemammogram kunobatsira zvikuru pakuona gomarara rezamu nekukurumidza. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kuongororwa kwemammogram nguva dzose kunogona kuderedza kufa kwegomarara rezamu neanenge 20-40% muvakadzi vane makore anopfuura 40.

Mammograms inogona kuona gomarara rezamu makore maviri vasati vachinzwa panguva yekuongororwa kwemuviri. Kuonekwa uku nekukurumidza kazhinji kunoreva tumor diki dzisina kupararira kumaguru, zvichikonzera mhedzisiro yakanaka yekurapa uye mitengo yekupona.

Q2: Ko tishu yezamu yakakora inokanganisa mhedzisiro ye mammogram here?

Hongu, tishu yezamu yakakora inogona kuita kuti mammograms dzive dzakaoma kuverenga nemazvo. Tishu yakakora inoita chena pamammograms, yakafanana nemaitiro anoita tumor, izvo dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuviga gomarara kana kugadzira maalarm enhema.

Kana uine mazamu akakora, chiremba wako angakurudzira nzira dzekuongorora dzakawedzerwa dzakadai se ultrasound yezamu kana MRI pamwe chete nemammograms ako enguva dzose. Vanenge 40% yevakadzi vane tishu yezamu yakakora, saka hausi wega kana izvi zvichikushanda.

Q3: Ndingawana mammogram kakawanda sei?

Vakadzi vazhinji vanofanira kutanga kuwana mammograms yegore negore pakati pemakore 40-50, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvavo zvekuisa njodzi uye mazano echiremba wavo. Vakadzi vane njodzi yakakwirira vangangoda kutanga kare uye vave nekuongorora kakawanda.

Nguva chaiyo inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ako ega, nhoroondo yemhuri, uye zvinhu zvako zvekuzviisa panjodzi. Mupi wako wehutano anogona kubatsira kuona chirongwa chakanakisa chekuongorora mamiriro ako chaiwo.

Q4: Ndingawana mammogram here kana ndine breast implants?

Hongu, unogona uye unofanirwa kuwana mammograms kana uine breast implants. Zvisinei, maitiro acho anoda nzira dzakakosha uye anogona kutora nguva yakareba kupfuura mammogram yakajairika.

Nyanzvi yezve tekinoroji ichada kutora mamwe mapikicha kuti iongorore kumativi ese uye kumashure kwezvinomera. Ita shuwa yekuzivisa nzvimbo yacho paunenge uchironga musangano wako kuti une implants, kuitira kuti vagone kuronga zvinoenderana uye vave nechokwadi chekuti nyanzvi yezve tekinoroji ine ruzivo rwekuona mufananidzo we implant.

Q5: Zvii zvinoitika kana mammogram yangu ikaratidza kusanzwisisika?

Kana mammogram yako ikaratidza kusanzwisisika, hazvirevi kuti une gomarara. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvisina kujairika zvinoguma zviri zvakanaka (zvisiri zvegomarara) zvakadai sema cysts, fibroadenomas, kana tishu yemaronda.

Chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira mamwe maedzo akadai se diagnostic mammography, breast ultrasound, kana pamwe biopsy kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo. Ruzhinji rwevakadzi vanodzidziswa kuti vaite mamwe maedzo havana gomarara, saka edza kusavhunduka uchimirira rumwe ruzivo.