Chii chinonzi Nephrectomy? Chinangwa, Maitiro & Kupora

Nephrectomy ndiyo kubviswa kwevhavha imwe kana mbiri. Maitiro aya anodiwa kana itsvo yakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya, ine chirwere, kana ichiisa njodzi yehutano isingakwanisi kubatwa nemamwe marapirwo. Kunyange zvazvo kufunga nezvekubviswa kweitsvo kunganzwa kusinganzwisisike, vanhu vazhinji vanorarama hupenyu hwakazara, hune hutano neitsvo imwe, uye nzira dzemazuva ano dzakaita kuti maitiro aya ave akachengeteka uye anoshanda kupfuura nakare kose.

Chii chinonzi nephrectomy?

Nephrectomy inzira yekuvhiya uko vanachiremba vanobvisa zvese kana chikamu cheitsvo kubva mumuviri wako. Chiremba wako anokurudzira izvi kana itsvo yakuvadzwa zvakanyanya kuti isashande zvakanaka kana kana kuiisa panzvimbo ingakuvadza hutano hwako hwese.

Kune mhando dzakawanda dzenzira dze nephrectomy, imwe neimwe yakagadzirirwa zvaunoda zvekurapa. A partial nephrectomy inobvisa chete chikamu chine chirwere cheitsvo, ichichengetedza nyama yakawanda ine hutano sezvinobvira. A simple nephrectomy inobvisa itsvo yese, nepo radical nephrectomy ichibvisa itsvo pamwe chete nenyama yakatenderedza, kusanganisira adrenal gland uye lymph nodes dzepedyo.

Mashoko akanaka ndewekuti unogona kurarama hupenyu hwakajairika neitsvo imwe ine hutano. Itsvo yako yasara ichazotora basa reitsvo dzese, kunyange zvazvo maitiro aya achitora nguva uye muviri wako unoda rutsigiro panguva yekugadzirisa.

Nei nephrectomy ichiitwa?

Vanachiremba vanokurudzira nephrectomy kana kuchengeta itsvo kuchikonzera kukuvadza kupfuura kuibvisa. Sarudzo iyi haifi yakaitwa zvishoma, uye timu yako yekurapa ichaongorora dzimwe nzira dzese dzekurapa kutanga.

Zvikonzero zvakajairika zve nephrectomy zvinosanganisira kenza yeitsvo, kukuvadzwa kwakanyanya kweitsvo kubva mukukuvara, uye chirwere cheitsvo chisingaperi chakafambira mberi kupfuura kurapwa. Dzimwe nguva, vanhu vanosarudza kupa itsvo kubatsira mumwe munhu, izvo zvinonzi living donor nephrectomy.

Ngatitarisei mamiriro chaiwo angatungamira kune iyi nzira:

• Kenza yetsvo isina kupararira kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri
• Matombo makuru etsvo anogara achivhara kuyerera kweweti
• Chirwere chetsvo che polycystic chinokonzera kurwadziwa uye matambudziko
• Kukuvadzwa kwetsvo kubva kuropa rakakwira kana chirwere cheshuga
• Zvirwere zvakakomba zvettsvo zvisingapinduri kurapwa
• Kukuvadzwa kwetsvo kubva kunjodzi kana trauma
• Tsvo isingashande inowedzera njodzi yekutapukirwa

Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, nephrectomy inogona kudiwa kune mamiriro ejeneti senge Wilms tumor muvana kana zvikanganiso zvakakomba zvekuzvarwa zvinokanganisa kukura kwetsvo. Chiremba wako achanyatsoongorora mamiriro ako chaiwo uye achakurukura kuti nei nephrectomy iri sarudzo yakanakisa yehutano hwako.

Ndeipi nzira ye nephrectomy?

Nzira ye nephrectomy inowanzo tora maawa maviri kusvika ku4, zvichienderana nekuoma kwenyaya yako. Chiremba wako achasarudza nzira yakanakisa yekuvhiya zvichienderana nemamiriro ako, hutano hwese, uye chikonzero chenzira yacho.

Nephrectomies zhinji nhasi dzinoitwa vachishandisa nzira diki dzinonzi laparoscopic surgery. Chiremba wako anoita zvikamu zvidiki zvakati wandei mudumbu rako uye anoshandisa kamera diki uye zviridzwa zvakakosha kubvisa tsvo. Iyi nzira inoguma nekuderera kurwadziwa, mavanga madiki, uye kupora nekukurumidza kana ichienzaniswa nekuvhiya kwechinyakare kwakavhurika.

Panguva yacho, uchave uri pasi peanesthesia yakajairika, saka hauzonzwa chinhu. Chiremba wako achanyatso bvisa tsvo kubva mumidziyo yeropa uye ureter (tubhu inotakura weti kuenda kuweti yako) asati aibvisa. Chikwata chevhiyo chinotarisa zviratidzo zvako zvakakosha panguva yese yekuita.

Mune dzimwe nguva, chiremba wako anogona kuda kushandisa kuvhiyiwa kwakavhurika, izvo zvinosanganisira kucheka kukuru. Iyi nzira dzimwe nguva inodiwa kune tumor hombe kwazvo, nyama yakaoma kubva mukuvhiyiwa kwakapfuura, kana mamiriro akaoma ekurapa anoita kuti kuvhiyiwa kwe laparoscopic kuve kwakanyanya njodzi.

Maitiro ekugadzirira nephrectomy yako?

Kugadzirira nephrectomy kunosanganisira matanho akati wandei akakosha anobatsira kuona mhedzisiro yakanakisa. Chikwata chako chekurapa chichakutungamira kuburikidza nechinhu chimwe nechimwe, asi kunzwisisa zvekutarisira kunogona kukubatsira kuti unzwe wakavimbika uye wakagadzirira.

Kugadzirira kwako kuchatanga mavhiki asati avhiyiwa nemiedzo yakasiyana-siyana uye ongororo yekurapa. Miedzo iyi inobatsira chiremba wako kunzwisisa hutano hwako hwese uye kuronga nzira yakachengeteka yekuita kwako.

Hezvino zvaunogona kutarisira panguva yekugadzirira kwako:

• Miedzo yeropa yekutarisa basa reitsvo uye hutano hwese
• Zvidzidzo zveImaging senge CT scans kana MRIs kumepu anatomy yako
• Moyo uye mapapu basa bvunzo kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti wagadzirira kuvhiyiwa
• Kusangana nemuongorori wako weanesthesiologist kuti ukurukure manejimendi erwadziwa
• Kugadzirisa mishonga, kunyanya zvinoderedza ropa
• Zvirambidzo zvekudya zvichitanga husiku huri kuvhiyiwa
• Kurongeka kwehanya mushure mekuvhiyiwa uye kutakura

Chiremba wako achapa mirairo chaiyo yekudya, kunwa, uye kutora mishonga usati wavhiyiwa. Kutevera matungamirirwo aya chaizvo kunobatsira kudzivirira matambudziko uye kunovimbisa kuti kuvhiyiwa kwako kunoenderera mberi sezvakarongwa.

Maitiro ekuverenga mhedzisiro yako ye nephrectomy?

Kunzwisisa mhedzisiro yako ye nephrectomy kunosanganisira kutarisa zvese mhedzisiro yekuvhiya nekukurumidza uye zvinoreva kwenguva refu kuhutano hwako. Chiremba wako achatsanangura zvavakawana panguva yekuita uye zvinorevei kune ramangwana rako.

Kana nephrectomy yako yakaitwa kurapa kenza, chikwata chako chekuvhiya chichaongorora tishu yeguru rinobviswa pasi pemicroscope. Ongororo iyi, inonzi pathology report, inopa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro perudzi uye nhanho yekenza, iyo inobatsira kuona kana uchida imwe kurapwa.

Pathology report inowanzo sanganisira ruzivo pamusoro pehukuru hwegomarara, giredhi (kuti maseru ekenza anotarisa sei), uye kana kenza yakapararira kune matishu ari pedyo. Chiremba wako achatsanangura zvawanikwa izvi mumashoko akareruka uye achakurukura zvinoreva ramangwana rako uye chirongwa chekurapa.

Kune non-cancer nephrectomies, kutariswa kunochinjira pakuti itsvo yako yasara iri kushanda sei uye kufambira mberi kwako kwese. Chikwata chako chekurapa chichatarisa kushanda kwetsvo yako kuburikidza nekuongororwa kweropa nguva dzose uye kuona kuti muviri wako uri kugadzirisa zvakanaka kuva netsvo imwe.

Nzira yekuvandudza kupora kwako mushure me nephrectomy?

Kupora mushure me nephrectomy inzira inononoka inoda moyo murefu uye kuzvipira kutevera gwara rechikwata chako chekurapa. Vanhu vazhinji vanogona kutarisira kudzokera kuzviitiko zvakajairika mukati memavhiki 4 kusvika ku6, kunyangwe munhu wese achipora pamwero wavo.

Kupora kwako kwepedyo kuchatarisa pakugadzirisa kurwadziwa, kudzivirira matambudziko, uye kubvumira muviri wako kupora. Iwe ungangogara muchipatara kwemazuva 1 kusvika ku3 mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwe laparoscopic, kana mazuva 3 kusvika ku5 mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwakavhurika.

Heano zvinhu zvakakosha zvekupora kwakabudirira:

• Kutora mishonga yekurwadziwa yakarairwa sezvakarairwa
• Kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma basa remuviri kutanga nekufamba kwemaminitsi
• Kudzivisa kusimudza zvinhu zvinorema kwemavhiki 4 kusvika ku6
• Kuchengeta zvikamu zvekuvhiya zvakachena uye zvakaoma
• Kupinda misangano yese yekutevera
• Kugara uine mvura uye kudya chikafu chinovaka muviri
• Kutarisa zviratidzo zvematambudziko senge fivha kana kurwadziwa kwakanyanya

Itsvo rako rasara richazotora basa reitsvo dzese, maitiro anogona kutora mwedzi yakati wandei. Munguva iyi, zvakakosha kuchengetedza hutano hweitsvo yako nekugara uine mvura yakakwana, kudya chikafu chine hutano, uye kudzivirira mishonga inogona kukuvadza itsvo dzako.

Chii chakanakisa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kweitsvo?

Mhedzisiro yakanakisa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kweitsvo ndeyekupora zvizere pasina matambudziko uye kubudirira mukugadzirisa hupenyu neitsvo imwe chete. Vanhu vazhinji vanobudirira kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi uye vanoenderera mberi nehupenyu hwakajairika, hune hutano.

Kubudirira mushure mekuvhiyiwa kweitsvo zvinoreva zvinhu zvakasiyana zvichienderana nekuti nei wakaita maitiro acho. Kana uine gomarara, kubudirira kunosanganisira kubviswa kwakakwana kwebundu pasina chikonzero chekurapwa kwakawedzerwa. Kune dzimwe mamiriro, kubudirira zvinoreva zororo kubva muzviratidzo uye kuvandudzwa kwemhando yehupenyu.

Kubudirira kwenguva refu kunosanganisira kuchengetedza hutano hwakanaka hweitsvo kuburikidza nesarudzo dzehupenyu uye kutarisirwa kwekurapa nguva dzose. Itsvo yako yasara inogona kubata basa reitsvo dzese, asi zvakakosha kuidzivirira kubva mukukuvadzwa nekudya kwakakodzera, hydration, uye kudzivirira zvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza basa reitsvo.

Vanhu vazhinji vanodzoka kuzviitwa zvavo zvakajairika zvese, kusanganisira basa, kurovedza muviri, uye zvekuzvivaraidza, mukati memwedzi mishoma yekuvhiyiwa. Nekutarisirwa kwakakodzera, itsvo yako yasara inofanira kukushandira zvakanaka kwemakore mazhinji ari kuuya.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvine njodzi zvematambudziko ekuvhiyiwa kweitsvo?

Kunzwisisa zvinhu zvine njodzi zvematambudziko ekuvhiyiwa kweitsvo kunobatsira iwe nechikwata chako chekurapa kutora matanho ekuderedza matambudziko anogona kuitika. Kunyange zvazvo kuvhiyiwa kweitsvo kazhinji kuri kwakachengeteka, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera mukana wematambudziko.

Zera uye hutano hwese zvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa njodzi yako. Vanhu vakuru uye vanhu vane mamiriro akawanda ehutano vanogona kutarisana nenjodzi dzakakwirira, asi izvi hazvirevi kuti kuvhiyiwa hakuna kuchengeteka - zvinongoreva kuti chikwata chako chekurapa chichatora matanho ekuchenjerera.

Heano zvinhu zvine njodzi zvikuru zvekuziva nezvazvo:

• Kukwegura (kupfuura makore 70)
• Chirwere chemoyo kana mapapu
• Chirwere cheshuga kana ropa rakakwira
• Kufuta
• Mavhisi ekurapa mudumbu akamboitwa
• Kusvuta kana kunwa doro zvakanyanya
• Matambudziko ekuumbwa kweropa
• Chirwere cheitsvo chisingaperi mune itsvo yasara

Kuva nezvinhu zvinokonzera matambudziko hazvirevi kuti zvechokwadi uchava nematambudziko - zvinongoreva kuti chikwata chako chekurapa chichakutarisa zvakanyanya uye chichatora matanho ekuwedzera kuti uchengetedzwe. Vanhu vazhinji vane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokonzera matambudziko vane nephrectomies dzakabudirira pasina matambudziko.

Zviri nani kuva nepartial kana complete nephrectomy?

Sarudzo pakati pepartial uye complete nephrectomy inoenderana nemamiriro ako chaiwo ekurapa uye chii chakachengeteka kuhutano hwako hwenguva refu. Kana zvichibvira, vanachiremba vanosarudza partial nephrectomy nekuti inochengetedza basa reitsvo rakawanda.

Partial nephrectomy inowanzoita sarudzo yakanaka yegomarara diki reitsvo, mamwe marudzi echirwere cheitsvo, kana kana uine itsvo imwe chete inoshanda. Iyi nzira inobvisa chikamu chine chirwere chete ichichengetedza nyama yeitsvo ine hutano zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.

Complete nephrectomy inova inodiwa kana itsvo yese iine chirwere, kana tumor yakakura zvakanyanya kuti ibviswe zvishoma, kana kana itsvo ichiisa njodzi yehutano isingakwanise kutariswa neimwe nzira. Chiremba wako achanyatsoongorora mamiriro ako uye achakurudzira nzira inopa chiyero chakanakisa chekuchengeteka uye kushanda zvakanaka.

Sarudzo inofungawo nezvebasa rako rese reitsvo uye kana nyama yako yeitsvo yasara ichakwana kuchengetedza hutano hwako. Chikwata chako chekurapa chichakurukura izvi newe uye chichatsanangura kuti nei chichikurudzira nzira yakati.

Ndezvipi zvingaitika zvinogona kuitika zve nephrectomy?

Neprectomy, kunyangwe ichiita seyakanaka, semamwe maoparesheni, inogona kuva nematambudziko. Kunzwisisa zvingaitika izvi kunokubatsira kuziva zviratidzo zvekuyambira uye kutsvaga rubatsiro nekukurumidza kana zvichidiwa.

Matambudziko mazhinji madiki uye anogadziriswa nekutarisirwa kwakakodzera. Matambudziko akakomba haawanzoitiki, kunyanya kana oparesheni ichiitwa navanachiremba vane ruzivo pazvipatara zvine midziyo yakakwana.

Heano matambudziko anogona kuitika ekuziva:

• Kubuda ropa panguva kana mushure mekuvhiyiwa
• Kutapukirwa panzvimbo yekuongororwa
• Mavhiri eropa mumakumbo kana mumapapu
• Kukuvadzwa kwenhengo dzepedyo panguva yekuongororwa
• Hernia panzvimbo yekuongororwa
• Kurwadziwa kusingaperi kana kupera nhengo
• Kuchinja kwekuita basa kweitsvo mune imwe itsvo yasara

Matambudziko asingawanzoitiki asi akakomba angasanganisira kubuda ropa kwakanyanya kunoda kuwedzerwa ropa, pneumonia, kana kukundikana kweitsvo mune imwe itsvo yasara. Chikwata chako chekurapa chichakutarisa zvakanyanya kuti uone nyaya idzi uye chichatora matanho nekukurumidza kana dzikaitika.

Vanhu vazhinji vanopora kubva ku nephrectomy vasina matambudziko akakosha. Chiremba wako achakurukura njodzi dzako dzega uye achatsanangura matanho avanotora kuderedza matambudziko anogona kuitika.

Ndinofanira kuona chiremba rini mushure me nephrectomy?

Unofanira kubata chiremba wako nekukurumidza kana uine chero zviratidzo zvinonetsa mushure me nephrectomy. Kunyangwe kusagadzikana kumwe kuri kwakajairika panguva yekupora, zviratidzo zvakati wandei zvinogona kuratidza matambudziko anoda kutarisirwa kwekurapa nekukurumidza.

Chikwata chako chekurapa chichagadzirisa nguva dzekutevera nguva dzose kuti chitarise kupora kwako uye chiongorore basa reitsvo yako. Mazuva aya akakosha pakubata matambudziko anogona kuitika nekukurumidza uye kuona hutano hwako hwenguva refu.

Bata chiremba wako nekukurumidza kana uine:

• Fivha inodarika 101°F (38.3°C)
• Kurwadziwa kwakanyanya kana kuwedzera
• Kubuda ropa kwakanyanya kana mvura kubva pamavanga
• Zviratidzo zveutachiona zvakaita setsvuku, kudziya, kana pus
• Kutadza kufema kana kurwadziwa muchipfuva
• Kuzvimba kwemakumbo kana kurwadziwa
• Muvengu uye kurutsa zvisingamire
• Kuchinja mumaitiro ekukosora

Kutevera kwenguva refu kwakakoshawo zvakafanana. Unozoda kuongororwa nguva dzose kuti uongorore kushanda kwematsvo ako, ropa rako, uye hutano hwako hwese. Kushanya uku kunobatsira kuona kuti itsvo yako yasara inoramba iine hutano uye inobata chero matambudziko asati ava akakomba.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve nephrectomy

Q.1 Ko nephrectomy yakanaka here kenza yematsvo?

Hongu, nephrectomy inowanzoita kurapwa kunoshanda zvakanyanya kenza yematsvo, kunyanya kana kenza yakavharirwa kumatsvo. Kubviswa kwekuvhiya kunopa mukana wakanakisa wekurapa muzviitiko zvakawanda zvekenza yematsvo.

Rudzi rwe nephrectomy runoenderana nehukuru nenzvimbo yetumor. Partial nephrectomy inosarudzwa ye tumors diki, nepo kenza hombe kana ine hasha inogona kuda kubviswa kwematsvo kwakazara. Oncologist yako ichashanda navanachiremba vako kuti vaone nzira yakanakisa yemamiriro ako chaiwo.

Q.2 Kuva netsvo imwe chete kunokonzera matambudziko ehutano here?

Vanhu vazhinji vane itsvo imwe chete vanorarama hupenyu hwakajairika, hune hutano pasina matambudziko akakosha ehutano. Itswo yako yasara ichatora basa rematsvo ese zvishoma nezvishoma uye inogona kubata basa iri rakawedzera nemazvo.

Zvisinei, zvakakosha kudzivirira itsvo yako yasara kuburikidza nesarudzo yehutano hwehupenyu. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugara uine mvura yakakwana, kudya chikafu chakaringana, kurovedza muviri nguva dzose, uye kudzivisa zvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza kushanda kwematsvo. Kuongororwa kwechiremba nguva dzose kunobatsira kuongorora hutano hwematsvo ako nekufamba kwenguva.

Q.3 Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kupora kubva ku nephrectomy?

Nguva yekupora inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwekuvhiyiwa uye hutano hwako hwese. Vanhu vazhinji vanogona kudzokera kumabasa akareruka mukati mevhiki 1 kusvika ku2 uye kutangazve mabasa akajairika mukati mevhiki 4 kusvika ku6 mushure me laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Kuvhiyiwa kwakavhurika kunowanzoita kuti nguva yekupora irebe, kazhinji vhiki 6 kusvika ku8 usati wadzokera kumabasa azere. Chiremba wako achapa matungamirirwo chaiwo zvichienderana nemaitiro ako uye kufambira mberi kwekupora. Zvakakosha kuti usamhanye kupora kwako uye kutevera mirairo yese mushure mekuvhiyiwa nekuchenjerera.

Q.4 Ndingaita maekisesa mushure me nephrectomy here?

Hongu, unogona zvechokwadi kuita maekisesa mushure me nephrectomy, uye kuita basa remuviri nguva dzose kunobatsira kuhutano hwako hwese uye basa reitsvo. Zvisinei, uchada kutanga zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera chiyero chako chebasa sezvaunopora.

Tanga nekufamba zvinyoro nyoro nekukasira chiremba wako paanobvumira, kazhinji mukati memazuva mashoma ekuvhiyiwa. Dzivisa kusimudza zvinhu zvinorema uye mabasa ane simba rakawanda kwemavhiki 4 kusvika ku6. Kana wapedza kupora zvizere, unogona kazhinji kudzokera kumabasa ako ese aunofarira, kusanganisira mitambo uye maekisesa ekuvhiyiwa.

Q.5 Itsvo yangu yasara ichakura here mushure me nephrectomy?

Hongu, itsvo yako yasara ichawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma muhukuru uye basa kuti itsive itsvo yakabviswa. Iyi nzira, inonzi compensatory hypertrophy, yakajairika zvachose uye ine hutano.

Itsvo yako inogona kuwedzera muhukuru ne20 kusvika ku40 muzana pamusoro pemwedzi yakati wandei sezvainojaira kubata basa rakawedzerwa. Ikuwedzera uku chiratidzo chekuti itsvo yako iri kubudirira kutora basa reitsvo dzese uye hachisi chikonzero chekunetseka.