Chii chinonzi Pap Smear? Chinangwa, Maitiro & Mhedzisiro

Pap smear bvunzo iri nyore inoongorora shanduko mumaseru emuromo wechibereko chako. Muromo wechibereko chako chikamu chepasi chechibereko chako chinovhurika muvagina yako. Bvunzo iyi inobatsira vanachiremba kuwana shanduko dzemaseru kare, vasati vachizove kenza yemuromo wechibereko.

Funga nezvazvo senzira yakapfava yekutarisa hutano hwemuromo wechibereko chako. Bvunzo iyi inotora maminitsi mashoma uye inogona kubata matambudziko kana ari nyore kurapa. Vakadzi vazhinji vanoda bvunzo iyi nguva dzose sechikamu chekutarisirwa kwavo kwehutano.

Chii chinonzi Pap smear?

Pap smear inounganidza maseru kubva kumuromo wechibereko chako kuti atsvage chero shanduko dzisinganzwisisike pasi pemicroscope. Munguva yebvunzo, chiremba wako anonyatso kora sampuli diki yemasero kubva pamusoro pemuromo wechibereko chako achishandisa bhurashi rakapfava kana spatula.

Maseru aya anozotumirwa kulabhu uko nyanzvi dzinoongorora zviratidzo zveutachiona, kuzvimba, kana shanduko dzisina kujairika. Bvunzo iyi yakatumidzwa zita raDr. George Papanicolaou, uyo akagadzira nzira iyi yekutarisa muma1940.

Runako rwebvunzo iyi nderekuti inogona kuona matambudziko makore asati akura. Maseru ako emuromo wechibereko anochinja zvishoma nezvishoma nekufamba kwenguva, uye Pap smear inobata shanduko idzi kana kurapwa kuchinyanya kushanda.

Nei Pap smear ichiitwa?

Chinangwa chikuru chePap smear ndechekuongorora kenza yemuromo wechibereko uye shanduko dzisati dzave kenza mumumuromo wechibereko chako. Bvunzo iyi yakaderedza zvakanyanya kufa kubva kenza yemuromo wechibereko kubvira payakatanga kushandiswa zvakanyanya.

Chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira Pap smear nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda zvakakosha. Regai ndikufambisei nemamwe acho akajairika:

• Kutarisa nguva dzose kuti ubate kenza yemuromo wechibereko kare
• Kutarisa shanduko dzemaseru dzisina kujairika dzakawanikwa mumabvunzo apfuura
• Kutarisa hutachiona hwehuman papillomavirus (HPV)
• Kuongorora kubuda ropa kana kubuda kwemvura kwakasiyana
• Kutevera mushure mekurapwa kwemasero asina kujairika

Mazano mazhinji anokurudzira kutanga bvunzo dzePap pazera re21 uye kuenderera mberi makore matatu ega ega kana mhedzisiro iri yakanaka. Mushure memakore makumi matatu, unogona kuita bvunzo yacho makore mashanu ega ega kana yakabatanidzwa nekuongororwa kweHPV.

Ndeipi nzira yekutora bvunzo yePap smear?

Nzira yePap smear yakatwasuka uye inowanzo tora maminitsi gumi kusvika makumi maviri kubva pakutanga kusvika kumagumo. Ucharara pamubhedha wekuongorora netsoka dzako mumastirups, zvakafanana nekuongororwa kwepelvic nguva dzose.

Chiremba wako achaisa zvinyoro nyoro speculum muchivha chako kuti abate madziro ari kure kuitira kuti vaone mutsipa wako zvakajeka. Iyo speculum inogona kunzwa isina kugadzikana, asi haifaniri kurwadza.

Hezvino zvinoitika panguva yekutora maseru:

1. Chiremba wako anowana mutsipa wako achishandisa speculum
2. Vanonyoro nyoro bhurashi kana kukwenya maseru kubva pamusoro pemutsipa
3. Masero anoisa pagirazi slide kana mumvura mhinduro
4. Muenzaniso unoiswa zita uye unotumirwa kulaboratory
5. Iyo speculum inobviswa uye bvunzo yapera

Kutora maseru chaiwo kunotora masekondi mashoma. Unogona kunzwa kumanikidzwa kudiki kana kunzwa kwekukwenya kwenguva pfupi, asi vakadzi vazhinji vanozviwana zvichigoneka.

Maitiro ekugadzirira bvunzo yako yePap smear?

Kugadzirira bvunzo yako yePap smear kuri nyore, asi nguva uye matanho mashoma anogona kubatsira kuona mhedzisiro chaiyo. Nguva yakanaka yekuronga bvunzo yako ndeye mazuva gumi kusvika makumi maviri mushure mezuva rekutanga remwedzi wako wekupedzisira.

Heano mamwe matanho ekugadzirira anogona kukubatsira kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakavimbika:

• Dzivisa bonde kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana usati waita bvunzo
• Usashandise matamponi, makirimu echivha, kana madouchi kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana usati waita bvunzo
• Ronga kana usiri kuenda kumwedzi kana zvichibvira
• Pfeka mbatya dzakanaka, dziri nyore kubvisa
• Tora mushonga wekurwadziwa usina kutengeswa kana uchinetseka nekusagadzikana

Kana uchitya nezve nzira iyi, izvozvo zvakajairika zvachose. Funga kuuya neshamwari kuzotsigira kana kukumbira chiremba wako kuti atsanangure nhanho imwe neimwe sezvavanoita.

Nzira yekuverenga mhedzisiro yako yePap smear?

Mhedzisiro yako yePap smear inowanzo kuwanikwa mukati memazuva mashoma kusvika vhiki mushure mekuongororwa kwako. Kunzwisisa mhedzisiro iyi kunokubatsira kuziva matanho, kana aripo, aunogona kutora anotevera.

Mhedzisiro yakajairika zvinoreva kuti maseru ako emuromo wechibereko anoita seane hutano uye hapana chimwe chiito chinodiwa kusvikira kuongororwa kwako kunotevera kwakarongwa. Uyu ndiwo mugumisiro wevakadzi vazhinji vane Pap smears.

Mhedzisiro isina kujairika hairevi kuti une gomarara. Hezvino zvinogona kuratidza zvakasiyana:

• Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) - shanduko diki dzemasero dzinogona kugadzirisa dzega
• Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) - shanduko dzemasero dzakapfava dzinowanzoitwa neHPV
• High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) - shanduko dzakakosha dzinoda kurapwa
• Atypical glandular cells - maseru asingawanzoitika kubva mukati memuromo wechibereko
• Squamous cell carcinoma kana adenocarcinoma - maseru egomarara anoda kurapwa nekukurumidza

Chiremba wako achatsanangura mhedzisiro yako chaiyo uye achakurudzira kutarisirwa kwakakodzera. Mhedzisiro yakawanda isina kujairika inotungamira kune mamwe maedzo panzvimbo yekurapwa nekukurumidza.

Nzira yekuvandudza hutano hwako hwemuromo wechibereko?

Nepo iwe usingakwanise kudzora zvese zvinhu zvinokanganisa hutano hwemuromo wechibereko, sarudzo dzakawanda dzemararamiro dzinogona kubatsira kuderedza njodzi yako yekuvandudza matambudziko emuromo wechibereko.

Kuwana jekiseni reHPV imwe yenzira dzinoshanda zvakanyanya kudzivirira gomarara remuromo wechibereko. Jekiseni iri rinodzivirira marudzi eHPV anokonzera gomarara remuromo wechibereko.

Heano matanho anoshanda aunogona kutora kutsigira muromo wako wechibereko:

• Wana maPap smears nguva dzose sezvinokurudzirwa nachiremba wako
• Gamuchira mushonga weHPV kana wakakodzera
• Shandisa bonde rakachengeteka uchishandisa makondomu
• Ganhurira huwandu hwevabatsiri vako pabonde
• Usaputa kana kusiya kana uchiputa parizvino
• Chengetedza immune system ine hutano kuburikidza nekudya zvakanaka uye kurovedza muviri

Rangarira kuti kuva nekuongororwa nguva dzose ndicho chinhu chakakosha chaunogona kuita. Kuona nekukurumidza kunoita kuti kurapwa kushande zvakanyanya uye kubudirire.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokonzera maPap smears asina kujairika?

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera mukana wako wekuva nemhedzisiro yePap smear isina kujairika. Kunzwisisa izvi zvinhu zvinokonzera zvinokubatsira iwe nachiremba wako kuona chirongwa chakanakisa chekuongorora kwauri.

Chinhu chakakosha chinokonzera ndiko kutapukirwa nemhando dzine njodzi dzehuman papillomavirus (HPV). Uku kutapukirwa kunowanzoitika kunotapuriranwa pabonde kunokonzera mazhinji emacancer emuromo wechibereko.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yako yekuvandudza shanduko dzemasero emuromo wechibereko:

• Kuva nevabatsiri vakawanda pabonde kana mumwe ane vakawanda
• Kutanga bonde pazera diki
• Kuva ne immune system yakaderera
• Kuputa fodya
• Kuva nenhoroondo yekutapukirwa pabonde
• Kushandisa mapiritsi ekudzivirira pamuviri kwenguva refu
• Kuva akabereka vana vatatu kana kupfuura
• Kuva akaiswa kuDES (diethylstilbestrol) asati aberekwa

Kuva nezvinhu izvi zvinokonzera hazvirevi kuti iwe zvechokwadi uchavandudza matambudziko emuromo wechibereko. Vakadzi vazhinji vane zvinhu zvinokonzera havambove nemhedzisiro isina kujairika, nepo vamwe vakadzi vasina zvinhu zvinokonzera vanozviita.

Ndezvipi zvingaitika zvemaPap smears asina kujairika?

Mazhinji emhedzisiro yePap smear isina kujairika haitungamiri kumatambudziko akakomba, kunyanya kana akabatwa nekukurumidza kuburikidza nekuongorora nguva dzose. Zvisinei, masero asina kujairika asina kurapwa dzimwe nguva anogona kufambira mberi kumatambudziko akakomba.

Chinhu chikuru chinonetesa pamusoro pezvabuda zvisina kujairika nguva dzose ndechokuti shanduko dzisati dzava kenza dzinogona kuzoguma dzava kenza yemumuviri. Maitiro aya anowanzo tora makore mazhinji, ndosaka kuongororwa nguva dzose kuchishanda zvakanyanya.

Zvingaitika kana maseru emumuviri asina kujairika asina kurapwa zvinosanganisira:

• Kuenderera mberi kubva pakuchinja kwemasero akapfava kuenda kune akakomba
• Kuvandudzwa kwekenza yemumuviri
• Kudiwa kwemaitiro ekurapa akawanda
• Kukanganisa kunogona kuitika pakuita vana muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki
• Kupararira kwekenza kumatishu ari pedyo kana ikasiiwa isina kurapwa

Mashoko akanaka ndechokuti matambudziko aya anogona kudzivirirwa zvakanyanya nekuongororwa nguva dzose uye kutarisirwa kwakakodzera. Zvizhinji zvezvabuda zvisina kujairika zvinobudirira kubata nekuporeswa kuri nyore.

Ndingatarisana riniko nachiremba kana ndine zvinondinetsa zvePap smear?

Unofanira kubata chiremba wako kana uine zviratidzo zvisingawanzoitiki pakati pePap smears yako yenguva dzose kana uine zvinokunetsa pamusoro pezvabuda.

Nepo shanduko zhinji dzemumuviri dzisingakonzeri zviratidzo, zvakakosha kuteerera muviri wako uye kuzivisa chero shanduko kumupi wako wehutano.

Bata chiremba wako kana uine chero zviratidzo izvi:

• Kubuda ropa kusina kujairika kubva mumukadzi pakati pemwedzi
• Kubuda ropa mushure mekuita zvepabonde
• Kubuda mumukadzi kusina kujairika kune hwema hwakasimba
• Kurwadziwa mudumbu kusina kuita sekwakabatana nemwedzi wako
• Kubuda ropa mushure mekuenda kumwedzi
• Kurwadziwa panguva yekuita zvepabonde

Uyewo taura nachiremba wako kana wakanganwa Pap smear yako yakarongwa kana uine mibvunzo pamusoro pezvabuda. Vanogona kubatsira kuona nguva yakanakisisa yekuongororwa kwako kunotevera.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa pamusoro pePap smears

Mubvunzo 1: Kuongororwa kwePap smear kwakanaka pakuona kenza yeovari here?

Pap smear haina kugadzirirwa kuona kenza yeovari. Kuongororwa uku kunonyatso tarisa masero emumuviri uye kwakanaka pakuongorora kenza yemumuviri uye shanduko dzisati dzava kenza.

K2: Ko gomarara remazai rinowanzoita kuti pave nemiedzo yakasiyana-siyana here?

Gomarara remazai rinowanzoita kuti pave nemiedzo yakasiyana-siyana yakadai sekutarisa dumbu, ultrasound, kana bvunzo dzeropa dzinoyera zviratidzo zvegomarara zvakaita seCA-125. Kana uine zvaunonetseka nazvo pamusoro pegomarara remazai, kurukura sarudzo dzakakosha dzekutarisa nachiremba wako.

Mubvunzo 2: Ko bvunzo yePap isina kujairika inogara ichireva kuti ndine gomarara here?

Kwete, bvunzo yePap isina kujairika hairevi kuti une gomarara. Zvizhinji zvezvabuda zvisina kujairika zvinoratidza shanduko diki dzemasero dzinowanzozvigadzirisa dzoga kana nekubatsirwa nekurapa kuri nyore.

Zvakabuda zvisina kujairika zvinowanzo ratidza kuzvimba, hutachiona, kana shanduko dzemakore dzichida kutarisa kana kurapwa. Masero echokwadi egomarara anowanikwa muzvikamu zvidiki chete zvebvunzo dzePap dzisina kujairika.

Mubvunzo 3: Ndingawanzoita sei bvunzo yePap?

Vakadzi vazhinji vanofanira kutanga bvunzo dzePap pazera re21 uye vachienderera mberi makore matatu ega ega kusvika pazera re29 kana zvabuda zviri zvakanaka. Kubva pazera re30 kusvika ku65, unogona kuita bvunzo yePap makore matatu ega ega kana makore mashanu ega ega kana yakabatanidzwa nekuongororwa kweHPV.

Chiremba wako angakurudzira bvunzo dzakawanda kana uine njodzi kana nhoroondo yezvakabuda zvisina kujairika. Vakadzi vane makore anopfuura 65 avo vakaita bvunzo dzenguva dzose dzakanaka vanogona kumisa bvunzo.

Mubvunzo 4: Ndingaita bvunzo yePap ndakazvitakura here?

Hongu, bvunzo dzePap dzakachengeteka panguva yekuzvitakura, kunyanya mumwedzi mitatu yekutanga neyechipiri. Bvunzo haina kukuvadza mwana wako uye inopa ruzivo rwakakosha rwehutano.

Chiremba wako angave munyoro panguva yekuita, uye unogona kuona zvishoma zvakawanda mushure meizvi nekuda kwekuwedzera kweropa panguva yekuzvitakura. Izvi zvakajairika uye hazvisi chikonzero chekunetseka.

Mubvunzo 5: Ko bvunzo yePap icharwadza here?

Vakadzi vazhinji vanowana bvunzo dzePap dzisina kunaka pane kurwadza. Unogona kunzwa kumanikidzwa apo speculum inoiswa uye kunzwa kwekukanganisa kwenguva pfupi panguva yekuunganidzwa kwemasero.

Kusagadzikana kunowanzoita kupfava uye kunotora masekondi mashoma. Kufema zvakadzama uye kuzorodza tsandanyama dzako kunogona kubatsira. Kana uine hanya zvikuru, taura nachiremba wako nezve nzira dzekuita kuti chiitiko chive chakanaka.