反社会人格障碍

反社会人格障碍，有时被称为社会病，是一种精神健康状况，患者始终表现出对是非曲直的漠视，并且无视他人的权利和感受。反社会人格障碍患者往往故意激怒他人，或以残酷冷漠的方式操纵或虐待他人。他们缺乏悔恨或不为自己的行为感到后悔。

反社会人格障碍患者经常违反法律，成为罪犯。他们可能会撒谎、暴力或冲动地行事，并伴有药物和酒精滥用问题。他们在履行家庭、工作或学校相关的责任方面存在困难。

People with antisocial personality disorder often have a hard time understanding and following rules of right and wrong. They consistently lie and deceive others for personal gain. They may not care about other people's feelings, and they might use charm or wit to manipulate them. They often have a strong sense of self-importance and are very opinionated. They may have a history of legal problems, including criminal behavior, and are frequently hostile, aggressive, violent, or threatening. Crucially, they typically don't feel guilty about hurting others. They might take risks that put themselves and others in danger, and often fail to meet their responsibilities at work or with finances.

These behaviors often start in childhood, usually before age 15. Children with conduct disorder, a related condition, display serious and ongoing problems like aggression toward people or animals, destruction of property, lying, stealing, and breaking rules.

Antisocial personality disorder is usually a lifelong condition. However, some people's symptoms, especially those involving destructive or criminal behavior, might lessen over time. It's not fully understood why this happens. It could be due to physical and mental changes with age, a growing awareness of the harm their actions cause, or other factors.

Importantly, people with this disorder often don't seek help on their own. If you're concerned about a friend or family member, it's important to gently encourage them to seek help from a mental health professional. Offer to help them find a suitable provider.

患有反社会人格障碍的人不太可能主动寻求帮助。如果您怀疑朋友或家人可能有这种疾病，您可以轻轻地建议他们向心理健康服务提供者寻求帮助，并主动帮助他们找到一位。

人格是思想、情感和行为的结合，使每个人都独一无二。这是人们看待、理解和与外部世界联系的方式，以及他们如何看待自己。人格在童年时期形成。它可能受遗传基因以及生活环境和经历的影响。

反社会人格障碍的确切原因尚不清楚，但：

• 基因可能使你容易患上反社会人格障碍——而生活环境，特别是忽视和虐待，可能会引发其发展。
• 脑功能的变化可能在大脑发育过程中发生。

某些因素似乎会增加患上反社会人格障碍的风险，例如：

• 儿童期行为障碍的诊断。
• 反社会人格障碍或其他人格障碍或精神健康状况的家族史。
• 儿童时期遭受虐待或忽视。
• 儿童时期家庭生活不稳定或暴力。

男性患反社会人格障碍的风险高于女性。

反社会人格障碍可能导致的并发症和问题包括：配偶虐待或儿童虐待或忽视。 酒精或药物问题。 入狱或监禁。 试图自杀或试图杀害他人。 患有其他心理健康状况，如抑郁症或焦虑症。 财务、教育或社会问题。 早逝，通常是由于暴力。

目前尚无可靠方法预防有风险人群患上反社会人格障碍。由于反社会行为被认为源于儿童时期，因此父母、老师和儿科医生或许能够发现早期预警信号。尝试识别那些风险最高的人群，例如表现出行为障碍迹象的儿童，然后提供早期干预，或许会有所帮助。

具有反社会人格障碍的人可能无法准确描述他们的症状。诊断的关键因素是这个人与他人的关系。征得许可后，家人和朋友或许能够提供有用的信息。

在进行医学检查以帮助排除其他医疗状况后，医疗保健提供者可能会将患者转诊给具有诊断和治疗反社会人格障碍经验的精神健康提供者。

反社会人格障碍的诊断通常基于：

• 包括讨论想法、感受、人际关系、行为模式和家族史的精神健康检查。
• 症状。
• 个人和病史。

反社会人格障碍通常在18岁之前不会被诊断出来。但有些症状可能会出现在儿童时期或青少年早期。

尽早发现反社会人格障碍可能有助于改善长期预后。