肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种常见病,影响胃和肠道,也称为胃肠道。症状包括痉挛、腹痛、腹胀、胀气以及腹泻或便秘,或两者兼有。IBS是一种持续性疾病,需要长期管理。
只有少数IBS患者症状严重。有些人可以通过调整饮食、生活方式和压力来控制症状。较严重的症状可以用药物和咨询治疗。
IBS不会引起肠道组织变化,也不会增加患结直肠癌的风险。
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a long-term digestive problem. It causes symptoms that can vary from person to person, but usually last for a while.
The most common IBS symptoms are:
Other common IBS symptoms include feeling like you haven't completely emptied your bowels, and noticing more gas or mucus in your stool.
IBS is a problem with how your digestive system works, not with the physical structure of your intestines. Your digestive tract looks normal, but it doesn't function properly. Normally, muscles in your intestines move food from your stomach to your rectum in a regular, predictable way. Think of it like a gentle wave pushing food along. But in people with IBS, these muscles can spasm. This means the muscles contract more often and more strongly than usual. These strong contractions cause pain. They also affect how quickly food moves through your intestines. If the movement slows down, you might get constipated (difficulty having bowel movements). If it speeds up, you might get diarrhea. Some people with IBS experience both constipation and diarrhea, sometimes alternating between them.
Another reason people with IBS have discomfort is that their nerve endings in the digestive tract are more sensitive. Small amounts of gas that wouldn't bother most people can cause pain in someone with IBS. This heightened sensitivity can also lead to swelling and bloating.
如果您出现持续的肠道习惯改变或其他 IBS 症状,请咨询医疗专业人员。这些症状可能意味着更严重的疾病,例如结肠癌。更严重的症状包括:
肠易激综合征(IBS)的确切病因尚不清楚。似乎起作用的因素包括:
肠易激综合征的症状可能由以下因素引发:
许多人偶尔会有 IBS 的症状。但是,如果您具备以下情况,则更有可能患有该综合征:年轻。IBS 在 50 岁以下的人群中更为常见。 女性。在美国,IBS 在女性中更为常见。绝经前或绝经后的雌激素疗法也是 IBS 的危险因素。 有 IBS 家族史。基因可能起作用,家庭环境中的共有因素或基因和环境的组合也可能起作用。 有焦虑症、抑郁症或其他精神健康问题。性虐待、身体虐待或情感虐待史也可能是危险因素。
长期便秘或腹泻会导致痔疮。
此外,IBS还与以下情况相关:
目前没有明确诊断肠易激综合征(IBS)的检查。医疗专业人员可能会首先进行全面的病史采集、体格检查和相关检查以排除其他疾病,例如乳糜泻和炎症性肠病(IBD)。
在排除其他疾病后,医疗专业人员可能会使用以下一套诊断标准来诊断IBS:
医疗专业人员还可能会探究您是否还有其他症状,这些症状可能提示其他更严重的疾病。这些症状包括:
如果您出现这些症状,或者IBS的初始治疗无效,您可能需要进行更多检查。
医疗专业人员可能会推荐几种检查以帮助诊断。
诊断程序可能包括:
实验室检查可能包括:
肠易激综合征(IBS)的治疗重点是缓解症状,让您尽可能地无症状生活。 轻微症状通常可以通过控制压力和改变饮食和生活方式来控制。尝试: