前列腺炎

前列腺炎是前列腺的一种疾病，通常与炎症有关。前列腺炎常导致排尿疼痛或困难，以及腹股沟、骨盆区或生殖器疼痛。细菌感染会导致一些但并非所有前列腺炎病例。

前列腺大约核桃大小，位于男性膀胱下方。它围绕着从膀胱排出尿液的管道（尿道）的上部。前列腺和其他性腺产生在射精（精液）过程中输送精子的液体。

前列腺炎一般分为四种类型：

• 急性细菌性前列腺炎，前列腺的细菌感染，通常症状突然且严重
• 慢性细菌性前列腺炎，持续性或复发性细菌感染，通常症状较轻
• 慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征，持续性或复发性盆腔疼痛和泌尿道症状，无感染迹象
• 无症状性炎症性前列腺炎，前列腺发炎的迹象，无症状

Prostatitis is a condition that can cause various symptoms, depending on the type. Common signs include:

• Peeing problems: This can take several forms, such as pain or burning when you urinate (dysuria), trouble starting or stopping your flow (hesitancy or dribbling), needing to pee more often, especially at night (nocturia), or feeling a sudden, urgent need to pee.

• Changes in urine: Your urine might appear cloudy or even contain blood.

• Pain and discomfort: You might feel pain in your lower abdomen, groin, lower back, or the area between your testicles and rectum (perineum). Pain can also occur in your penis or testicles. You might also experience pain during ejaculation.

• Flu-like symptoms (in some cases): If you have a bacterial infection (acute bacterial prostatitis), you could also have fever, chills, muscle aches, and other symptoms similar to the flu.

Different things can cause these symptoms, so it's crucial to see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis.

Seek immediate medical attention if:

• You can't urinate at all.
• You have painful or difficult urination, along with a fever.
• You see blood in your urine.
• You have severe pain or discomfort in your pelvic area or genitals.

Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing prostatitis effectively. Don't delay seeking medical help if you're experiencing these symptoms.

前列腺炎的体征和症状可能由多种病症引起。尽快获得准确的诊断和治疗非常重要。 如果您出现以下任何情况，请立即就医：

• 无法排尿
• 排尿疼痛或困难，伴有发烧
• 尿血
• 盆腔或生殖器严重不适或疼痛

前列腺位于男性膀胱下方，环绕着膀胱排尿管（尿道）的上部。前列腺的主要功能是产生滋养和运输精子的液体（精液）。

原因根据前列腺炎的类型而异。

• 急性细菌性前列腺炎通常由常见的细菌菌株引起。感染可能从泌尿系统或生殖系统的其他部位传播而来。
• 慢性细菌性前列腺炎 的病因通常与急性细菌感染相同。当急性感染的治疗时间不足或未能杀死所有细菌时，可能会发生这种情况。
• 慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征 的病因尚不清楚。研究表明，多种因素可能共同发挥作用。这些因素包括之前的感染、神经系统功能障碍、免疫系统功能障碍、心理压力或激素活动异常。
• 无症状炎症性前列腺炎 病因不明，通常仅在检查其他疾病时发现，无需治疗。

前列腺炎的危险因素包括：

• 青年或中年成年
• 既往患有前列腺炎
• 泌尿系统或生殖系统感染
• HIV感染或艾滋病
• 使用插入尿道引流膀胱的导管（尿管）
• 前列腺组织的诊断性取样（活检）

慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征的其他危险因素可能包括：

• 心理压力
• 由于手术或外伤引起的盆腔神经损伤

急性或慢性前列腺炎的并发症可能包括：

• 细菌感染血液（菌血症）
• 附睾炎症（附睾炎）
• 前列腺脓肿
• 感染扩散到上盆骨或下脊柱

慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征的并发症可能包括：

• 性功能障碍，例如无法勃起和维持勃起（勃起功能障碍）
• 精液和精子变化，可能导致不育

目前没有直接证据表明前列腺炎会导致前列腺癌。研究人员正在调查前列腺慢性炎症是否为癌症的危险因素。

与前列腺炎相关的症状可能由多种疾病引起。您可能会被转诊给泌尿生殖系统疾病专家（泌尿科医生）。您的医疗保健提供者将进行体格检查，回顾您的症状和病史，并进行检查以确定病因并排除某些疾病。

用于评估感染的诊断测试可能包括：

• **直肠指检。**在此过程中，您的医疗保健提供者会将一根涂有润滑剂的手套手指插入您的直肠以检测前列腺炎症。
• **尿液检查。**您需要提供尿液样本以检测细菌感染的存在和类型。
• **血液检查。**可以检测血液样本以寻找感染和其他前列腺问题的迹象。
• **前列腺标本检查。**在某些情况下，医疗保健提供者可能会在直肠检查期间轻轻按摩前列腺，将前列腺液释放到尿道中。按摩后，尿液样本会排出前列腺液进行细菌检测。

如果初步检查未显示感染迹象，您可能会进行其他检查，包括：

• **尿动力学检查。**可以使用各种检查来测量膀胱和尿道储存和排出尿液的情况。这些检查可以帮助描述排尿问题并确定问题的根源。
• **影像学检查。**可以进行影像学检查以识别前列腺异常、异常生长或骨盆区域可能导致疼痛的其他问题。

Treating Prostatitis: A Guide for Men

Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland, a small gland in the male reproductive system. Treatment depends on the specific type and your symptoms.

If the cause is an infection (bacterial prostatitis):

• Antibiotics: If you have a bacterial infection, your doctor will likely prescribe antibiotics. These are usually taken for 4 to 6 weeks, or longer in some cases. It's crucial to take all the medicine as prescribed to completely clear the infection and prevent it from becoming a long-term problem. In some cases, especially when the infection is severe, you might need intravenous (IV) antibiotics in the hospital for a short time.

If the cause is not an infection:

• Other treatments: If the problem isn't an infection, treatment will focus on managing your specific symptoms.

Managing urinary symptoms:

• Relaxing muscles: Sometimes, medications called alpha-blockers can help relax the muscles around the bladder and prostate, making urination easier and less painful. These medications are commonly used for prostatitis that isn't caused by an infection, but they may also be used for symptoms of infection.

Managing pain:

• Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can help ease pain. Your doctor might also prescribe stronger pain medications if needed.

Managing emotional concerns:

• Mental health support: Chronic prostatitis can sometimes cause stress, anxiety, or depression. In these cases, your doctor might recommend talking to a therapist or counselor to help you manage these emotional issues.

Important Note: This information is for general knowledge and does not replace advice from a healthcare professional. You should always discuss your specific situation with a doctor to determine the best course of treatment for your type of prostatitis.

Additional Information & Resources:

While this article covers the common treatments, there may be other options depending on your individual needs. Always consult your doctor for personalized advice.

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