Isizini yomjovo womkhuhlane ka-2026–2027 iletha okokuqala ngqa: i-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ivume umjovo womkhuhlane waminyaka yonke osuselwe ku-mRNA, ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-mRESVIA obulungiswele umkhuhlane. Ujoyina iqoqo lejovosi zomkhuhlane ezakhiwe ngeqanda, ezakhiwe ngamaseli, nezakhiwe kabusha ezizotholakala kulesi sizini.

I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) iyaqhubeka nokuphakamisa ukugonywa komkhuhlane minyaka yonke cishe kuwo wonke umuntu oneminyaka eyisithupha nangaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, imininingwane yokuthi imiphi imijovo etholakalayo, izincomo zesikhathi, nezinketho zamaqembu athile (ikakhulukazi asebekhulile) ishintshile ngokwanele kangangokuthi izeluleko zale nyaka azifani nezamasizini adlule.

Uma uzibuza ukuthi nini okufanele uthole umjovo womkhuhlane ka-2026 noma ukuthi yimuphi umjovo olungele wena, lesi sihloko sihlanganisa ukuthi yini eshintshile, yini engashintshanga, nokuthi ungacabanga kanjani ngesinqumo sakho.

Isifinyezo: Okubalulekile

  • I-CDC iyaqhubeka nokuphakamisa ukugonywa komkhuhlane minyaka yonke kuwo wonke umuntu oneminyaka eyi-6 nangaphezulu, ngaphandle kokungafaneleki kwezokwelapha okungajwayelekile.
  • Imijovo yomkhuhlane ka-2026–2027 ingama-trivalent, ihlose izinhlobo ezintathu zomkhuhlane: eyodwa i-influenza A(H1N1), eyodwa i-influenza A(H3N2), kanye neyodwa i-influenza B (uhlobo lweVictoria).
  • Umyovowomkhuhlane omusha we-mRNA ungeziwe kuhlelo lomjovo wase-U.S. lwesizini ka-2026–2027, ujoyina imijovo yakudala esekelwe emaqandeni, esekelwe kumakhemikhali, kanye ne-recombinant.
  • Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuthola umjovo womkhuhlane ngokuvamile ukusuka ngoSepthemba kuya ku-Okthoba, yize ukugoma kufanele kuqhubeke kuso sonke isizini yomkhuhlane lapho kudingeka khona.
  • Abantu asebekhulile (65+) banokhetho oluthile lomjovo oluphakanyiswe phezu kwemijovo ejwayelekile.
  • Ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sokuthola umjovo womkhuhlane kubalulekile. Kusekhona kakhulu futhi ukuvikelwa kungase kwehle; sekwedlule kakhulu futhi ungaphuthelwa isikhathi esibucayi somkhuhlane.

Unezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane futhi ufuna ukubona udokotela ogunyaziwe e-U.S. namuhla? Bhukha ukuvakashelwa kwe-urgent care ku-inthanethi ngo-$39 no-August AI. Udokotela ogunyaziwe e-U.S. angabuyekeza izimpawu zakho futhi aphakamise imithi yokuvimbela umkhuhlane njenge-Tamiflu lapho kufanele khona ngokweluleka ngemithi, ngokudonswa esitolo semithi ngalolu suku kulo lonke izifundazwe ezingu-50. Ukuvakashelwa akukuqinisekisi ukunikezwa imithi. Imithi yokuvimbela umkhuhlane isebenza kangcono lapho iqala zingakapheli amahora angu-48 kusukela ziqala izimpawu. I-August online urgent care ayinikezi imijovo. Ukuze uthole imijovo yomkhuhlane, vakashela ikhemisi, umhlinzeki wezempilo oyinhloko, noma umtholampilo wokugoma omphakathi.

Yini entsha kusizini yomkhuhlane ka-2026–2027?

Okukhulu okusha ngempela: umjovo womkhuhlane we-mRNA utholakala okokuqala ngqa kuhlelo lwe-U.S.

Ubuchwepheshe be-mRNA busetshenziswe kabanzi emijovweni ye-COVID-19. Uhlobo lomkhuhlane lusebenzisa izimiso ezifanayo zokuklama kwe-mRNA kodwa lwenzelwe ama-antigen aqondile omkhuhlane. Isimemezelo se-FDA sivume ukufakwa kwakhe ezinkethweni zomjovo zale sizini.

Ngaphezu kokungezwa kwe-mRNA, imijovo ka-2026–2027 ingama-trivalent esikhundleni sama-quadrivalent. Imijovo ivikela ngokumelene nalokhu okulandelayo:

  • Uhlobo olulodwa lwe-influenza A(H1N1)
  • Uhlobo olulodwa lwe-influenza A(H3N2)
  • Uhlobo olulodwa lwe-influenza B (uhlobo lweVictoria)

Ukwesula kusuka kumajovu ama-quadrivalent kuya ku-trivalent kulandela izincomo ze-WHO ne-FDA okukhombisa iqiniso lokuthi i-influenza B (uhlobo lweYamagata) ayikatholakalanga ekuhloleni umhlaba kusukela ngoMashi 2020 futhi kubonakala sengathi ayisasakazeki kahle.

Izinketho zemijovo yakudala ziyaqhubeka nokutholakala, okubandakanya:

  • Imijovo yomkhuhlane engenayo (engenamagciwane) ejwayelekile (esekelwe emaqandeni)
  • Umyovowomkhuhlane osuselwe kumakhemikhali (Flucelvax)
  • Umyovowomkhuhlane we-recombinant (Flublok)
  • Umyovowomkhuhlane womthamo ophezulu kubantu abadala abangu-65 nangaphezulu (Fluzone High-Dose)
  • Umyovowomkhuhlane one-adjuvant kubantu abadala abangu-65 nangaphezulu (Fluad)
  • Umyovowomkhuhlane obuthakathaka (FluMist), umphunga ompompi wezingane ezifanele

Ubani okufanele athole umjovo womkhuhlane ka-2026–2027?

I-CDC iyaqhubeka nokuphakamisa ukugonywa komkhuhlane minyaka yonke cishe kuwo wonke umuntu oneminyaka eyisithupha nangaphezulu.

Amaqembu lapho ukugonywa komkhuhlane kubaluleke kakhulu kubandakanya:

  • Abadala abangama-65 nangaphezulu
  • Abesifazane abakhulelwe (kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhulelwa)
  • Izingane ezincane (ikakhulukazi ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5, futhi ikakhulukazi ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2)
  • Abantu abanezimo zempilo ezingamahlala njalo (njengoshinga, isifo senhliziyo, i-asthma, isifo samaphaphu esingamahlala njalo, nesifo sezinso)
  • Abantu abanomzimba obuthakathaka
  • Abantu abahlala ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside
  • Abasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo nabahlengikazi
  • Abaqondisi bomndeni abantu abasengozini

Kukhona iziphikiso ezingajwayelekile kwezokwelapha, futhi izindlela ezithile zomjovo ziyahlukahluka ekufanelekeni kwazo. Uma unomlando wokungezwani okubucayi kumjovo womkhuhlane wangaphambilini, xoxani ngezinketho nodokotela ngaphambi kokugonywa.

Nini okufanele uthole umjovo womkhuhlane ka-2026: yini i-CDC encoma yona?

I-CDC ngokuvamile incoma ukugonywa komkhuhlane ngo-Septhemba noma Okthoba kubantu abaningi.

Isizathu salokhu: ukugonywa ngoSepthemba noma Okthoba kunikeza ukuvikelwa ngesikhathi somkhuhlane obucayi, ovame ukuba kusuka ngoDisemba kuya kuFebruwari e-U.S. Ukugonywa kusenesikhathi (njengoJulayi noma Agasti) kungase kubangele ukuvikelwa okwehlisa ngaphambi kokuba umkhuhlane ufinyelele esiqongweni sawo. Ukugonywa ngokwedlule kusho ukuthi ungase ugule ngaphambi kokuba umzimba wakho ube nesikhathi sokuphendula.

Kubantu abadala abaningi, uSepthemba kuya ku-Okthoba yisikhathi esihle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukugoma kufanele kuqhubeke kuso sonke isizini yomkhuhlane inqobo nje amagciwane omkhuhlane esakazeka. Asikho isiphetho esiqondile ngemuva kwaso ukugoma kungasasebenzi.

Kukhona ezinye izindaba ezingaphazanyisi isikhathi sikaSepthemba–Okthoba:

  • Izingane ezinezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ezidinga imithamo emibili yomjovo womkhuhlane kufanele zithole umthamo wokuqala ngokushesha nje lapho itholakala, ukuze imithamo emibili iqedwe ngaphambi kokuba umkhuhlane ufinyelele esiqongweni sawo.
  • Abesifazane abakhulelwe esigabeni sabo sesithathu bangazuza ekugonyeni kusenesikhathi ukuze banikeze ukuvikelwa kwama-antibody ezinsana ngemuva kokubeletha.
  • Abadala abangama-65 nangaphezulu nabantu abanomzimba obuthakathaka bangase bafune ukuhlela ukugoma kwabo ngaphambi kokuba umkhuhlane uqale esifundeni sabo, njengoba ukuphendula komzimba wabo kungase kwehle ngokushesha.

Xoxani nodokotela wakho uma ungagculisekile ngesikhathi esihle kakhulu esimweni sakho.

Yini umjovo womkhuhlane we-mRNA, futhi ulungele abadala?

Umyovowomkhuhlane we-mRNA usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-messenger RNA (mRNA), obufana nobuchwepheshe obusekelwe kumijovo ethile ye-COVID-19. Kunokuba uvumele igciwane elingasebenzi noma elibuthakathaka, umjovo uvumela i-mRNA eyala amangqamuzana ukuthi akhiqize amaprotheni egciwane. Ngemuva kwalokho umzimba uphendula kulelo protini, wakhe inkumbulo nokuvikeleka.

Inzuzo yemijovo yomkhuhlane esekelwe ku-mRNA ukushesha kokukhiqiza. Imivo ye-mRNA ingakhiqizwa ngokushesha kunejovosi zakudala ezisekelwe emaqandeni futhi ingakwazi ukufanisa kangcono nezinhlobo ezisakazwayo.

Kubantu abadala ikakhulukazi:

  • Imijovo yomkhuhlane yomthamo ojwayelekile ibonakale kancane kubantu abadala abangama-65 nangaphezulu, abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezizimpikisayo.
  • Imijovo yomthamo ophezulu womkhuhlane (njenge-Fluzone High-Dose) nemijovo enama-adjuvant (njenge-Fluad) kwenziwa ukubhekana nalokhu.
  • Umyovowomkhuhlane we-mRNA unikeza enye inketho engase inikeze izimpendulo ezingcono zemizimba kwezinye izigaba zabantu, yize ubufakazi obuqondile busathuthuka.

I-CDC iyaqhubeka nokuphakamisa ngokubalulekile izinketho eziphezulu zomthamo noma ezine-adjuvant kubantu abadala abangama-65 nangaphezulu lapho zitholakala. Noma ngabe usebenzisa umjovo we-mRNA, umjovo womthamo ophezulu, noma enye inketho, kungcono kakhulu ukuyibona nodokotela wakho ngokusekelwe ekutholakaleni, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nezinketho zakho.

Kuthiwani uma unomkhuhlane weqanda obucayi?

Ngokomlando, umkhuhlane weqanda ububukwa njengento engaphikisa imijovo ethile yomkhuhlane ngoba iningi layo liyakhiqizwa kusetshenziswa amaqanda. Izincomo ziye zahlukahluka kakhulu.

Izincomo zamanje ze-CDC ngokuvamile zivumela abantu abanomkhuhlane weqanda kunoma iyiphi izinga lokubucayi ukuba bathole noma yimuphi umjovo womkhuhlane ofanele ubudala babo. Izinketho ezingenayo amaqanda njengemijovo esekelwe kumakhemikhali (Flucelvax) ne-recombinant (Flublok) zikhona kulabo abazikhethayo.

Uma unomlando wokungezwani okubucayi (i-anaphylaxis) kumjovo womkhuhlane wangaphambilini noma isithako ngaphandle kweqanda, xoxani ngezinketho nodokotela ngaphambi kokugonywa.

Ungathola kuphi umjovo womkhuhlane?

Imijovo yomkhuhlane iyatholakala kabanzi kulezi zindawo:

  • Amakhemisi (amakhemisi amaningi achungechunge kanye nawazimele)
  • Amahhovisi abanikezeli bezempilo oyinhloko nabahlukahlukene
  • Imitholampilo yezempilo emphakathini
  • Izindaba zezempilo zomphakathi
  • Imitholampilo yokugoma emsebenzini
  • Abaqashi abaningi kanye nezikole

Imijovo yomkhuhlane eminingi ikhokhwa umshwalense ngaphandle kokuhambisana kwezindleko, futhi amakhemisi amaningi athumela ngqo i-Medicare noma i-Medicaid. Uma ungenamshwalense, imitholampilo yezempilo yomphakathi kanye nemitholampilo yezempilo yomphakathi ivame ukuhlinzeka ngokugoma komkhuhlane okushibhile noma okungenazindleko.

Kwenzekani ngemuva komjovo womkhuhlane wakho?

Imiphumela emibi evamile ngokuvamile iyaba mncane futhi iphele maduze. Uma ingalo yakho ibuhlungu noma uzizwa ukhathele usuku noma ezimbili, lokho kungaphakathi kobubanzi obujwayelekile. Ukuze uthole umbono ophelele walokho ongakulindela, buka umhlahlandlela wethu mayelana nezimiphumela zemijovo yomkhuhlane: okujwayelekile nokuthi ungazizwa kanjani kangcono ngokushesha.

Kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili ukuba umjovo usebenze ngokugcwele, okuyisizathu esinye sokuba ngaphambi kwesikhathi somkhuhlane esibucayi kunokuba ngesikhathi sawo.

Uma uthola izimpawu ezibucayi ngemuva kokugonywa (njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso, umkhuhlane ophezulu, noma isikhumba esibomvu), funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Kuthiwani uma ugula umkhuhlane ngemuva kokugonywa?

Imijovo yomkhuhlane inciphisa ingozi yokugula futhi ngokuvamile inciphisa ububi bokugula uma ugula, kodwa ayinikezi ukuvikelwa okungu-100%. Ukusebenza komjovo kuyahlukahluka kusukela esizini kuya kwesinye kuye ngokuthi umjovo ufana kangakanani nezinhlobo ezisakazwayo.

Uma uthola izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane (umkhuhlane, ukubandayo, ukukhwehlela, umphimbo obuhlungu, ubuhlungu bomzimba, ukukhathala), imithi yokuvimbela umkhuhlane njenge-oseltamivir (Tamiflu) inganciphisa ububi nobude besifo lapho iqala kusenesikhathi. Imithi yokuvimbela umkhuhlane isebenza kangcono lapho iqala zingakapheli amahora angu-48 kusukela ziqala izimpawu, ngakho-ke isikhathi sibalulekile uma kucatshangwa ngemithi yokuvimbela umkhuhlane.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Nini okufanele ngithole umjovo wami womkhuhlane ka-2026–2027?

I-CDC ngokuvamile incoma uSepthemba noma Okthoba kubantu abaningi. Ukugoma kufanele kuqhubeke kuso sonke isizini yomkhuhlane uma ungazange ugonywe ngo-Okthoba. Xoxani nodokotela wakho ngesikhathi esihle kakhulu esimweni sakho esithile.

Ngabe umjovo womkhuhlane uyitrivalent noma i-quadrivalent kulo nyaka?

Kusizini ka-2026–2027, imijovo yomkhuhlane yase-U.S. ingama-trivalent, ivikela izinhlobo ezintathu esikhundleni sezine. I-influenza B (uhlobo lweYamagata) isusiwe ngoba ayikatholakalanga ekusakazeni kusukela ngoMashi 2020.

Uyini umjovo omusha womkhuhlane we-mRNA?

Umyovowomkhuhlane we-mRNA usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-messenger RNA (mRNA), obufana nalobo obusetshenziswe kumijovo ethile ye-COVID-19, ukuze kuqiniswe ukubambisana komzimba kumaprotheni omkhuhlane. Kuyinketho entsha kusizini ka-2026–2027 futhi ingase inikeze izinzuzo ezithile ekusheshiseni kokukhiqiza kanye nokubambisana komzimba.

Ngabe umjovo womkhuhlane we-mRNA ungcono kubantu abadala?

Kuyinye kwezinketho ezimbalwa ezitholakala kubantu abadala abangama-65 nangaphezulu. Imijovo yomkhuhlane yomthamo ophezulu (Fluzone High-Dose) kanye ne-adjuvant (Fluad) ibilokhu itholakala kubantu abadala iminyaka. Noma ngabe umjovo we-mRNA uyisikhetho esihle kakhulu kuwena kuncike ekutholakaleni, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nezinketho.

Ngingakwazi ukugonywa ngoDisemba noma uJanuwari?

Yebo. Ukugonywa kuyigugu kuso sonke isizini yomkhuhlane inqobo nje amagciwane omkhuhlane esakazeka. Ukugonywa sekwedlule u-Okthoba akukuhle, kodwa kungcono kakhulu kunokungagonywa nhlobo.

Ngabe umjovo womkhuhlane uklama umkhuhlane?

Cha. Imivo yomkhuhlane iqukethe igciwane elingasebenzi, amaprotheni egciwane, noma i-mRNA eyala amangqamuzana ukuthi akhiqize amaprotheni egciwane. Akekho kini ongabangela ukugula okwamanje komkhuhlane. Abanye abantu bathola imiphumela emibi njengokubuhlungu noma ukukhathala okungazwakala njengesifo esincane, kodwa lokhu kuyimpendulo yomzimba, hhayi umkhuhlane uqobo.

Isiphetho

Isizini yomjovo womkhuhlane ka-2026–2027 iletha izinguquko ezibalulekile: inketho entsha yomjovo womkhuhlane we-mRNA, ukwesula kusuka kuma-quadrivalent kuya kuma-trivalent, kanye nezinye izinketho eziqondiswe kubantu abadala nabantu abathile.

Kubantu abaningi, i-CDC iyaqhubeka nokuphakamisa ukugonywa komkhuhlane minyaka yonke ngoSepthemba noma Okthoba, yize ukugoma kuso sonke isizini kubalulekile lapho kudingeka khona.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuthi yimuphi umjovo womkhuhlane olungele wena, xoxani nodokotela wakho noma umgoma wakho. Futhi uma uthola izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kulesi sizini, funa usizo ngesikhathi. Imithi yokuvimbela umkhuhlane iyasebenza kakhulu lapho iqala zingakapheli amahora angu-48 kusukela ziqala izimpawu.